SITUATION 1. The hook is subjected to three forces A, B, and C as shown.

A = 50 kN,
B = 30 kN, β = 75 deg.

a) find angle a if R = 100 kN

ΣFx ＝ 0
-50 + C ⋅ cos ((α)) + 30 cos ((75)) ＝ 100
C ⋅ cos ((α)) ＝ 100 + 50 - 30 cos ((75)) ＝ 142.235

ΣFy ＝ 0
C ⋅ sin ((α)) - 30 sin ((75)) ＝ 0
C ⋅ sin ((α)) ＝ 30 sin ((75))

C ⋅ sin ((α)) 30 sin ((75))

―――― ＝ tan ((α)) ＝ ――――
C ⋅ cos ((α)) 142.235

⎛ 30 ⋅ sin ((75 deg )) ⎞

α ≔ atan ⎜―――――⎟ = 11.515 deg
⎝ 142.235 ⎠

b) value of force C if a = 60 deg

ΣFy ＝ 0
C ⋅ sin ((60)) ＝ 30 kN sin ((75))
30 kN sin ((75 deg ))
C ≔ ――――――― = 33.461 kN
sin ((60 deg ))

c) magnitude of force C so that ΣFx ＝ 0 and ΣFy ＝ 0

ΣFx ＝ 0
-50 + C ⋅ cos ((α)) + 30 cos ((75)) ＝ 0
C ⋅ cos ((α)) ＝ 50 - 30 cos ((75)) ＝ 42.235

ΣFy ＝ 0
C ⋅ sin ((α)) - 30 sin ((75)) ＝ 0
C ⋅ sin ((α)) ＝ 30 sin ((75))
C ⋅ sin ((α)) 30 sin ((75))
―――― ＝ tan ((α)) ＝ ――――
C ⋅ cos ((α)) 42.235

⎛ 30 kN sin ((75 deg )) ⎞

α ≔ atan ⎜――――――― ⎟ = 34.454 deg
⎝ 42.235 kN ⎠
C ⋅ sin ((34.454 deg )) ＝ 30 kN sin ((75 deg))
30 kN sin ((75 deg ))
C ≔ ――――――― = 51.221 kN
sin ((34.454 deg ))

SITUATION 2. For the plane truss shown in the figure, a = 3 m, b = 2.25 m, h = 3 m,

P1 = 1 kN, P2 = 0 kN, P3 = 0 kN, and P4 = 1.5 kN. The diagonal members CF, BG, DG,
and CH are cables.
SITUATION 2. For the plane truss shown in the figure, a = 3 m, b = 2.25 m, h = 3 m,
P1 = 1 kN, P2 = 0 kN, P3 = 0 kN, and P4 = 1.5 kN. The diagonal members CF, BG, DG,
and CH are cables.

a) force in member AF
METHOD OF JOINTS @ JOINT A
⎛3⎞
θAF ≔ atan ⎜―⎟ = 45 deg
⎝3⎠
FAF ⋅ sin ⎛⎝θAF⎞⎠ - 1 ＝ 0
1 kN
FAF ≔ ―――= 1.414 kN
sin ⎛⎝θAF⎞⎠
b) force in member DG
FROM THE WHOLE STRUCTURE
ΣMB ＝ 0
1 ⋅ 3 + 1.5 ⋅ 3 + REy ⋅ ((3 + 2.25 ⋅ 2)) ＝ 0
((-1 kN ⋅ 3 m - 1.5 kN ⋅ 3 m))
REy ≔ ―――――――――= -1 kN (or 1 kN downward)
3 m + 2.25 m ⋅ 2
FROM THE CUT SECTION
⎛ 3 ⎞
θDG ≔ atan ⎜―― ⎟ = 53.13 deg
⎝ 2.25 ⎠
ΣFy ＝ 0
FDG ⋅ sin ⎛⎝θDG⎞⎠ + REy ＝ 0
-((-1)) kN
FDG ≔ ―――――= 1.25 kN
sin ((53.13 deg ))

c) force in member GH
FROM THE CUT SECTION
ΣMD ＝ 0
FGH ⋅ h + P4 ⋅ h + REy ⋅ b ＝ 0
((-1.5 kN ⋅ 3 m - ((-1 kN )) ⋅ 2.25 m))
FGH ≔ ―――――――――――= -0.75 kN (or 0.75 kN in compression)
3m
SITUATION 3. The towers at the opposite side of the river, supports the load W = 100 kN
as shown in the figure. The distance L = 15 m and the sag d= 0.75 m.
 ((-1.5 kN ⋅ 3 m - ((-1 kN )) ⋅ 2.25 m))
FGH ≔ ―――――――――――= -0.75 kN
3m
SITUATION 3. The towers at the opposite side of the river, supports the load W = 100 kN
as shown in the figure. The distance L = 15 m and the sag d= 0.75 m.

a) Tension in BC if x1 = 5m
W ≔ 100 kN
⎛ 0.75 ⎞
θAC ≔ atan ⎜―― ⎟ = 8.531 deg
⎝ 5 ⎠

⎛ 0.75 ⎞
θBC ≔ atan ⎜――⎟ = 4.289 deg
⎝ 15 - 5 ⎠

ΣFx ＝ 0
FAC ⋅ cos ⎛⎝θAC⎞⎠ ＝ FBC ⋅ cos ⎛⎝θBC⎞⎠
cos ⎛⎝θBC⎞⎠
FAC ＝ FBC ⋅ ―――
cos ⎛⎝θAC⎞⎠

ΣFy ＝ 0
FAC ⋅ sin ⎛⎝θAC⎞⎠ + FBC ⋅ sin ⎛⎝θBC⎞⎠ - W ＝ 0
cos ⎛⎝θBC⎞⎠
FBC ⋅ ―――⋅ sin ⎛⎝θAC⎞⎠ + FBC ⋅ sin ⎛⎝θBC⎞⎠ - W ＝ 0
cos ⎛⎝θAC⎞⎠

FBC ⎛⎝cos ⎛⎝θBC⎞⎠ ⋅ tan ⎛⎝θAC⎞⎠ + sin ⎛⎝θBC⎞⎠⎞⎠ ＝ W

W
FBC ≔ ―――――――――― = 445.693 kN
⎛⎝cos ⎛⎝θBC⎞⎠ ⋅ tan ⎛⎝θAC⎞⎠ + sin ⎛⎝θBC⎞⎠⎞⎠

b) Total length if x1 = 5m
 b) Total length if x1 = 5m
x1 ≔ 5 m
x2 ≔ 15 m - 5 m = 10 m
θAC = 8.531 deg
θBC = 4.289 deg
x1 x2
L ≔ ――― + ――― = 15.084 m [Method 1]
cos ⎛⎝θAC⎞⎠ cos ⎛⎝θBC⎞⎠

L ≔ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
((5 m)) 2 + ((0.75 m)) 2 + ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
((10 m)) 2 + ((0.75 m)) 2 = 15.084 m [Method 2]

SITUATION 4. The three-hinged arch shown in the figure is loaded with vertical loads only.
Distance H = 10 m, s = 5 m, P1 = 50 kN, P2 = 100 kN, P3 = 150 kN, and P4 = 200 kN.
SITUATION 4. The three-hinged arch shown in the figure is loaded with vertical loads only.
Distance H = 10 m, s = 5 m, P1 = 50 kN, P2 = 100 kN, P3 = 150 kN, and P4 = 200 kN.

a) horizontal reaction at A
s≔5 m
H ≔ 10 m

ΣMB ＝ 0
RAy ((6 ⋅ s)) - 50 ((5 ⋅ s)) - 100 ((4 ⋅ s)) - 150 ((2 ⋅ s)) - 200 ⋅ s ＝ 0
((50 kN ⋅ ((5 ⋅ s)) + 100 kN ((4 ⋅ s)) + 150 kN ((2 ⋅ s)) + 200 kN ⋅ s))
RAy ≔ ――――――――――――――――――― = 191.667 kN
6⋅s

CUT @ C
ΣMC ＝ 0
RAy ((3 ⋅ s)) - RAx ((H)) - 50 ((2 ⋅ s)) - 100 ⋅ s ＝ 0
((191.667 kN ⋅ ((3 ⋅ 4 m)) - 50 kN ⋅ ((2 ⋅ 4 m)) - 100 kN ⋅ 4 m))
RAx ≔ ―――――――――――――――――― = 150 kN
10 m

b) vertical reaction at B
b) vertical reaction at B
ΣFy ＝ 0
RAy - P1 - P2 - P3 - P4 + RBy ＝ 0
RBy ≔ 50 kN + 100 kN + 150 kN + 200 kN - 191.667 kN = 308.333 kN

c) vertical reaction at C
CUT @ C
ΣFy ＝ 0
RAy - 50 - 100 + RCy ＝ 0
RCy ≔ -RAy + 50 kN + 100 kN = -41.667 kN

SITUATION 5. A series of uniformly spaced hangers along a parabolic cable supports a 50-m
pipeline weighing 4.5 kN/m. The allowable tensile load of the cable is 2000 kN.
SITUATION 5. A series of uniformly spaced hangers along a parabolic cable supports a 50-m
pipeline weighing 4.5 kN/m. The allowable tensile load of the cable is 2000 kN.

L ≔ 50 m
kN
w ≔ 4.5 ――
m
Tallow ≔ 2000 kN

a) Maximum tension when y≔7 m

CUT @ B
ΣMA ＝ 0
⎛ L ⎞2
⎜― ⎟
⎝2⎠
w ⋅ ――- TB ⋅ y ＝ 0
2

⎛ L ⎞2
⎜― ⎟
⎝2⎠
TB ≔ w ⋅ ――= 200.893 kN
2y
TAx ≔ TB

ΣFy ＝ 0
L
TAy - w ⋅ ―＝ 0
2
L
TAy ≔ w ⋅ ―= 112.5 kN
2

TA ≔ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
TAx 2 + TAy 2 = 230.248 kN

b) minimum sag of cable

 b) minimum sag of cable
TAy = 112.5 kN
⎛ L ⎞2
⎜― ⎟
⎝2⎠
TAx ＝ TB ＝ w ⋅ ――; TAx ＝ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
Tallow 2 - TAy 2
2y

⎛ L ⎞2
⎜― ⎟
⎝2⎠
w ⋅ ――＝ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
Tallow 2 - TAy 2
2y

⎛ L ⎞2
⎜― ⎟
⎝2⎠
y ≔ w ⋅ ――――――= 0.704 m
2 ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
Tallow 2 - TAy 2

c) TB if Tmax = Tallow

when Tmax = Tallow ; y = 0.704 m

⎛ L ⎞2
⎜― ⎟
⎝2⎠
TB ≔ w ⋅ ――= ⎛⎝1.997 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ kN
2y

SITUATION 6. A cable is supported at two points 400 ft apart and at the same elevation. If
the sag is 40 ft and the weight per unit length of the cable is 4 lb/ft, determine the length of
the cable and the tension at the low point.
SITUATION 6. A cable is supported at two points 400 ft apart and at the same elevation. If
the sag is 40 ft and the weight per unit length of the cable is 4 lb/ft, determine the length of
the cable and the tension at the low point.

CONSIDERING HALF OF THE CABLE

h ≔ 40 ft y＝c + h Tmax ＝ w ⋅ y
y2 ＝c2 + s2 To ＝ w ⋅ c
lb
w≔4⋅―
ft ⎛x⎞ ⎛x⎞
s ＝ c ⋅ sinh ⎜―⎟ y ＝ c ⋅ cosh ⎜―⎟
Lhalf ≔ 200 ft ⎝c⎠ ⎝c⎠

a) Length of the cable, s

Guess Values

c ≔ 1 ft (guess value)
Constraints

⎛ ⎛ 200 ft ⎞⎞ 2
((c + 40 ft)) 2 ＝ c 2 + ⎜c ⋅ sinh ⎜――― ⎟⎟
⎝ ⎝ c ⎠⎠
Solver

find ((c)) = 506.53 ft

c ≔ 506.53 ft

y2 ＝s2 + c2 ; y＝c + h

((c + h)) 2 ＝ s 2 + c 2

s ≔ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
((c + h)) 2 - c 2 = 205.237 ft Multiply by 2 to get the whole length

stotal ≔ 2 ⋅ s = 410.475 ft

b) Tension at the low point

To ≔ w ⋅ c = ⎛⎝2.026 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ lb

SITUATION 7. Identify the degree of indeterminacy of the structures shown.

SITUATION 7. Identify the degree of indeterminacy of the structures shown.

a)

Reactions ≔ 2 + 1 + 1 = 4
Equations ≔ 3 = 3
Determinacy ≔ Reactions - Equations = 1

Indeterminate to the 1st degree.

b)

Reactions ≔ 3 + 3 = 6
Equations ≔ 3 = 3
Determinacy ≔ Reactions - Equations = 3

Indeterminate to the 3rd degree.

c)
Reactions ≔ 3 + 3 = 6
Equations ≔ 3 = 3
Determinacy ≔ Reactions - Equations = 3

Indeterminate to the 3rd degree.