Why is this math?

- Math is the study of patterns

- Patterns may be numerical, logical, geometric
- Geometric patterns are nice to look at because of SYMMETRY
- The pattern has symmetry if there is an ISOMETRY of the plane that preserves the
pattern

Transformation
- Shifts points of the plane to possibly new locations in the plane
- Types: Translation, reflection, rotation, dilation
- 1-3 doesn’t change the shape
- Dilation: expands or contracts

Isometry of the plane

- Mapping that preserves distance (and therefore shape)
- Types: Translation, reflection, rotation, glide reflection

A. Translation
- Moves a shape, sliding up, down, side, or diagonally
- SLIDING
B. Reflection
- Mirror image
C. Rotation
- Has a point in which the rotation is made and an angle that says how far to rotate
- 360 degrees / angle = n = n-fold rotation
- Ex. 180 degrees - rotation = 2 fold rotation
- Ex. 90 degrees - rotation = 4 fold rotation
D. Dilation
- Changes the size of an object
Isometries
- Distance preserving transformations
- Transformations which leave the dimensions of the object and its image unchanged
- d(f(x),f(y))=d(x,y)
- Isos (equal), metron (measure)
- RIGID TRANSFORMATIONS
- Inflexible

A. Glide reflection
- Combination of 2 transformations: a reflection and a translation

Symmetric patterns
- A plane pattern has symmetry if there’s an isometry of the plane that preserves it
- Types: Rosette, Frieze, Wallpaper

A. Rosette
- Contain just rotations and reflections
- Two types:
1. Cn(Cyclic) = has n-fold rotational symmetry and no reflectional symmetry
2. Dn(Dihedral) = has n-fold rotational symmetry and reflectional symmetry
B. Frieze
- Infinitely long strip imprinted with a design given by repeating motif
- Has a translational symmetry in one direction, At least the basic unit and a copy of it by
translation
- We imagine that they go on to infinity in both directions or wrap around
- A glide reflection is a symmetry that is most common to ALL types of frieze patterns

C. Wallpaper
- Covers the plane and can be mapped onto itself by translations in more than one
direction
- For a plane figure to qualify as a wallpaper pattern it must have at least the basic unit,
one copy by translation, and a copy of these two by translation in a second direction
- there must be at least two rows, each one at least two units long