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Instructions for this session N

ATIO
UL
Please Mute your O R CIR
C

O TF
mics and Turn Off NT
E NT
N

your video
Interaction SIT
Y - CO

E R
NIV
Use the chat through
D ICA
L U
E
RM
window to ask ADU DR M Slido.com with
G

questions during
TH
ET
A MI
LN
#731926
the talk

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SlidesCarnival TN DR MGR UNIV II Research Question II SEP 14th ,21
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N
ATIO
UL
CIRC
OR
O TF
N TN
TE

Share with us- What is IVE

RS
IT Y-
CO
N

N
LU
research? MGR
ME
D ICA

DR
ADU
ILN
TAM
T HE

ⓘ Start presenting to display the poll results on this slide.

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SlidesCarnival TN DR MGR UNIV II Research Question II SEP 14th ,21
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What is research? N
ATIO
UL
CIRC
OR
● It is a structured inquiry ENT NOT F

?
NT
● Utilizes acceptable scientific Y - CO
R SIT
methodology AL UNIVE
IC
● To solve problem MG
R M ED

R
● Creates LN
A DUnew knowledge that is
D

MI
generally
TH
ET
A
acceptable
-Grinnell ,1993

SlidesCarnival TN DR MGR UNIV II Research Question II SEP 14th ,21

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Types of Research N
ATIO
UL
CIRC
OR
O TF
N TN
Application Objectives N TE
Inquiry mode
- CO
ITY
E RS
NIV
A LU
DIC
R ME
Descriptive MG Exploratory
Pure research D R Qualitative
A DU
ILN
AM
ET
Applied TH
Correlational Explanatory Quantitative
research

4
SlidesCarnival TN DR MGR UNIV II Research Question II SEP 14th ,21
SysTools PDF Watermark Demo Version

Research process
For Full Version Visit: http://www.systoolsgroup.com/pdf-watermark

08
Research Report
07 Data processing
N
06 ATIO
Data collection UL
CIRC
05 OR
Protocol writing O TF
N TN
N TE
CO
04 Selecting sample IT Y-
RS
N IVE
LU
Instruments for D ICA
03 ME
data collection MGR
DR
ADU
ILN
TAM
THE
02 Research designs

Formulating a research problem

01
SlidesCarnival TN DR MGR UNIV II Research Question II SEP 14th ,21
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N
ATIO
UL
CIRC
OR
O TF
N TN
N TE
CO
IT Y-
RS
N IVE
LU
D ICA
ME
MGR
DR

Research idea - Research Question

ADU
ILN
TAM
T HE

SlidesCarnival TN DR MGR UNIV II Research Question II SEP 14th ,21

SysTools PDF Watermark Demo Version

Objectives
For Full Version Visit: http://www.systoolsgroup.com/pdf-watermark

N
ATIO
UL
IRC
By the end of this session you will be ableT F to OR
C
O
● Know the components, functionO& NT
E criteria of
N TN

C
a research question R S ITY
-

N IVE
● Critically appraise the Eresearch D I C AL
U
question with
M
standard criteria DR MGR
U
AD
● Develop a researchT AM
IL N
question according to
E
FINER criteria
TH

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SlidesCarnival TN DR MGR UNIV II Research Question II SEP 14th ,21
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Research idea vs question N

ATIO
UL
Research idea Research question CIRC
OR
O TF
Clearly defined N TN
TE
Less specific Very broad (Predictor/outcome/specified
C ON
-
population)RSITY
N IVE
Less operational A LU
DIC , measurable objective
Simple
Low practicality ME
MGR
DR
ADU
I wonder If .. ILN Determine the design
TAM
T HE

I wonder if Non Asians have What are the risk factors for major
different patterns of osteoporotic osteoporotic fractures in Non Asian
fractures!! women aged <60 years?
8
SlidesCarnival TN DR MGR UNIV II Research Question II SEP 14th ,21
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Journey time! UL
ATIO
N

CIRC
OR
O TF
N TN
N TE
CO
IT Y-
RS
N IVE
LU
D ICA
ME
MGR
DR
ADU
ILN
TAM
T HE

9
SlidesCarnival TN DR MGR UNIV II Research Question II SEP 14th ,21
Pinterest.com
SysTools PDF Watermark Demo Version
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Let’s enjoy the view..

N
ATIO
UL
IRC
Island Ocean CliffNOT F OR
C

★ Has irregular ❖ Exciting , enticingCON● Meeting of land &

T EN
T

boundaries travel to findVEnew S I TY

-
ocean
R
★ Irregular land. DICAL U
N I
● Meeting vintage
landscape with ❖ Without M E
having point of Known
M GR
hills, valleys D R
ADclear sight on land with unknown
U

★ Quicksand and E TAMIL , ocean becomes Point of valuable

N

TH
sinkholes meaningless research
Existing knowledge Represents unknown

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SlidesCarnival TN DR MGR UNIV II Research Question II SEP 14th ,21
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Journey begins ..formulating research question

Explorer SkyDiver N
● Start from solid TIO
● Starts from sky C U LA
ground-explores known CIR
● No exploration into known TF
O R

knowledge knowledge E NT
N O

NT
● Well formulated path ● InnovativeITquestion Y - CO but
● slow accumulation in struggle
S
IVEto prove it
R
U N
graduate & postgraduate ● Whether I C AL
they land in land or in
ED
study M
MG ocean the research outcome
R
R
● Specific and focussed NADU D stands uncertain
IL
literature review E TA M
● Innovations & creative
TH
● Research progresses in discovery
linear way
Look for the cliff where you might stumble on research question worth exploring
11
SlidesCarnival TN DR MGR UNIV II Research Question II SEP 14th ,21
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N
ATIO
UL
CIRC
OR
O TF
N TN
Think of our own research experience Y-
CO
N TE

IT
RS
and let us know whether you are a
LU
N IVE
ICA
explorer or Skydiver?
MGR
ME
D

DR
ADU
ILN
TAM
T HE

ⓘ Start presenting to display the poll results on this slide.

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SlidesCarnival TN DR MGR UNIV II Research Question II SEP 14th ,21
2
SysTools PDF Watermark Demo Version
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Explorer or Skydiver? UL
ATIO
N

CIRC
OR
O TF
N TN
TE

Explorer SkyDiver
N
CO
IT Y-
RS
N IVE
LU
DICA ● When you are more familiar
● When you have developed
R ME
knowledge through G with your practices than with
D R M years of
study in that U scholarly literature.
N AD area
IL ● When you work across
● AwareT AMof the knowledge
E disciplines to conceptualise
TH
extent in the field
● Inquisitive and interested in hypothetical innovations
expanding the knowledge ● When you are about
through explorations in a innovations and unique
definitive measured path perspectives
13
SlidesCarnival TN DR MGR UNIV II Research Question II SEP 14th ,21
Pinterest.com
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What research question does?

● Uncertainty about something in a
N
population the investigator Cwants U L AT
IO
to
IR
resolve by making measurements TF
O RC on
O
the study subjects.NTENT N
O
-C
● You proposeEto RS
IT answer by data
Y
IV
collection A L UN
DIC
● Keeps M GR you focused in research
M E

R
UD
● ILNAGuides all further steps in research
D
M
TH
E TA
process
● Organises the research
● Delimits the study
● Provides a frame work to work 14
SlidesCarnival TN DR MGR UNIV II Research Question II SEP 14th ,21
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Functionality of research question

N
ATIO
UL
CIRC
● Research question is a predictor of NOT F OR

research design ON
T EN
T

-C
● Research questions forms Ithe V E RS primary
IT Y

objective of the study EDICA L UN

● It points to primary D R M end

G RM
point
● Guides in sample IL N AD size calculation
U

AM
● Guides theTHprotocol
E T
development, SOP,
running the study and analysis

15
SlidesCarnival TN DR MGR UNIV II Research Question II SEP 14th ,21
 4p s of research Question
SysTools PDF Watermark Demo Version
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Aspect of
About Study of
study N
ATIO
Provide UL
you
C with
Individuals, R CIR
Study required
TF
O information or
People organizations,groups, N O
population EN you collect information
T
communities ON
T

T Y -C from them
R SI
IVE
Issues, situations, LU
N
IC A
Problem associations,
M ED trends,
R
profiles
M G Information that you
DR
A DU need to collect to find
Subject AM
ILN
Content structure,
ProgramTHE T answers to your research
areas outcomes, attributes, question

Phenomenon Cause effect, relationships

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SlidesCarnival TN DR MGR UNIV II Research Question II SEP 14th ,21
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Components of Research question N

ATIO
UL
CIRC
Exposure OR Outcome
O TF
TN
Factors-predictors-correlates N TDisease-morbidity-bu
EN
-determinants Y-
CO rden-harm -benefit
IT
RS
N IVE
LU
D ICA
ME
MGR
DR
ADU
ILN Specified
TAM
Relationship T HE population

17
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N
TIO

Predictors Exposure
A
UL

Smoking
CIRC
OR
O TF
N TN
E
NT
- CO
ITY
E RS
Confounders Confounders U NIV Confounders
L
ICA
M ED
GR
DRM
A DU
ILN
AM
OutcomesTHE T Disease Lung cancer

18
SlidesCarnival TN DR MGR UNIV II Research Question II SEP 14th ,21
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Types of research questions N

TIO
★ Hypothesis testing UL
C
A
CIR
★ Hypothesis generating Is parental insulin Tassociated FO
R
O
What factors predict mortality with more incidence E NT
N
of neonatal
NT
following road traffic accidents? hypoglycemia T Y-
C O
than oral
S I
R
hypoglycemic
U NIV
E
drugs for GDM
L
ICA
Dtherapy?
M E
M GR
DR
❖ Confirmatory study ADU
MI
LN ❖ Parameter estimation
Does the efficacy of X vaccine
ET
A for
TH What is the prevalence of post
covid the same in our population
covid persistent loss of smell in
that is similar to the population in
young adults?
which it was trial tested?
19
SlidesCarnival TN DR MGR UNIV II Research Question II SEP 14th ,21
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elements to look out for.. N

ATIO
UL
CIRC
OR
TF
● The scope - Neither too broad nor too narrow EN
TN
O

NT
● Time limits and length of study ITY - C O
S
● Experience of the researcher UNIVER
L
● Cooperation & collaborations E D ICA
RM
● Ethical concerns U DR M G

AD
● Funding availabilityAM
I LN & budget requirements
T
● Facility & equipment
TH
E
requirement

20
SlidesCarnival TN DR MGR UNIV II Research Question II SEP 14th ,21
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From where to get research questions N

ATIO
UL
CIRC
OR
TF
esEN
O
TN
u
iew-hCnOiqN
T
e r v
t h reITtYec
o EreR S
NItVu s &
d
d

a
tu ed
L r a
bs gs ato he

an ErsDICA lite ide

es U
r s ac
lis

w GaRtMo ing ew
di
io f
pr ms
st ab

e
r

n DR Mig ster to n
in ble
ve Est

r
oADU est Ma ert
ed ro
ig

F
r

v p
Fo

v Al
N
er ,

IL
AM i n
n

T ●
in

TH 2
&o indi

E
1 ●
F

21
SlidesCarnival TN DR MGR UNIV II Research Question II SEP 14th ,21
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N
ATIO
UL
CIRC
OR
O TF
N TN
TE
Does the lengthTYof - time from diagnosis to
CO
N

S I
treatment of L UN
I colo-rectal
V ER
cancer predict
A
DIC
survival
GR
M rate?
E

DRM
A DU
ILN
AM
ET
TH

ⓘ Start presenting to display the poll results on this slide.

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SlidesCarnival TN DR MGR UNIV II Research Question II SEP 14th ,21
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N
ATIO
UL
CIRC
OR
TF

Is there a relationship CO
N TE
N TN
O

IT Y-

between smoking and ICA

LU
N IVE
RS

D
ME
depression?
ADU
DR
MGR

ILN
TAM
T HE

ⓘ Start presenting to display the poll results on this slide.

23
SlidesCarnival TN DR MGR UNIV II Research Question II SEP 14th ,21
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N
ATIO
UL
CIRC
OR
TF

How stress is contributing CO

N TE
N TN
O

IT Y-

to cardiovascular disease ICA

LU
N IVE
RS

D
ME
and Cancer?
ADU
DR
MGR

ILN
TAM
T HE

ⓘ Start presenting to display the poll results on this slide.

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SlidesCarnival TN DR MGR UNIV II Research Question II SEP 14th ,21
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N
ATIO
UL
CIRC
OR
O TF
TN
What are the possible barriers to Y-
CO
N TE
N

IT
cervical cancer screening among LU
N IVE
RS

ICA
rural women in India?
MGR
ME
D

DR
ADU
ILN
TAM
T HE

ⓘ Start presenting to display the poll results on this slide.

25
SlidesCarnival TN DR MGR UNIV II Research Question II SEP 14th ,21
SysTools PDF Watermark Demo Version
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Formulating a research question

“ Potential research question may occur to O TF

OR
CIRC
UL
ATIO
N

TN
us on a regular basis, but the process -C
O NT
EN
of
IT Y
formulating them in a meaningful U NIV
E RS
way is
L
not at all an easy task
GR
ME
D ICA

DRM
ADU -Meenaghan T. & Toomey B. (1985)
ILN
TAM
T HE

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SlidesCarnival TN DR MGR UNIV II Research Question II SEP 14th ,21
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Characteristics -“FINER” Criteria N

IO
Adequate number of subjects, AT
C UL
Feasible expertise, time , fund & manageable in
RC
IR
O
scope TF
NO
E NT
NT
Interesting To the investigator - CO
ITY
E RS
NIV
A LU
Confirm or refuteDIC previous findings,
Novel E
extend oldGRorMprovides new findings
DRM
ADU
ILN
Ethical AM In methodology
ET
TH

To scientific knowledge, to clinical &

Relevant health policy , to future research direction

27
SlidesCarnival TN DR MGR UNIV II Research Question II SEP 14th ,21
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Formulation steps
N
Identify broad field ATIO
UL
/subject area of your DissectORthe
C
CIR broad
interest area
F
OTinto sub areas
T N
N
N TE
CO
Y-
Assess objectives and RS
IT
LiteratureNIV
E
double check for U
review
DIC
AL
research question ME
R
MG
U DR
AD
MILN
E TA
Formulate the TH

objectives Raise research Select what is of

FINER question more interest to you

28
SlidesCarnival TN DR MGR UNIV II Research Question II SEP 14th ,21
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Formulation steps Prevalence

Barrier
Disease
Physical activity Gender IO
N
AT
Prevention
IRC
U L
C
Sedentary
FO
R
N OT
E NT
O NT
Do I have the -C
S ITY
Sample? Literature I V ER
N
Data collection tools? review A LU
IC
ED
Resources ? R M
MG
Interest? UD
R
Role of Physical
AD
LN
A MI activity in diabetes
ET
Determine the level of TH prevention
physical activity that What is the level of daily
prevents onset of physical activity in prevention
FINER
diabetes of onset of diabetes among
high risk middle aged men?
29
SlidesCarnival TN DR MGR UNIV II Research Question II SEP 14th ,21
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From Ideas to question -- step by step N

ATIO
UL
IRC
s
C

o n TF
OR

ti
O
TN
s
N
TE
ue N

n
CO
Y-

tio
l q RS
IT

tia n

es
IVE
ic nMEDICA tio
N

qu
C

op
LU
PI

e
tGR s
e

e
et
TO

th
pR q u
th

M
UtD

e
a

s a

fin
LN i
ck

D
w

MI L
A
k

Re
c
Pi

rro

Pi
T A
E 2
1 TH 3
Na

30
SlidesCarnival TN DR MGR UNIV II Research Question II SEP 14th ,21
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Relationship between research question & quality of research

N
ATIO
UL
CIRC
OR
O TF
N TN
N TE
CO
IT Y-
RS
N IVE
LU
D ICA
ME
MGR
DR
ADU
ILN
TAM
T HE

31
SlidesCarnival TN DR MGR UNIV II Research Question II SEP 14th ,21
SysTools PDF Watermark Demo Version
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Problems vs solution
N
● Too broad Narrow the question TIO
U LA
● Not enough subjects Specify smaller set of variables C
Not Change inclusion/exclusion R CIR
feasible available O
criteria O TF
● Methods beyond Change Sample T N time &
Nentry
T E
skill of investigator number CON
● Too expensive -
ITY
Collaborate, consult & modify
E RS
NIV
A LU
DIC
R ME
Not interesting, MG
novel or relevant
U DR
Uncertain
LN
ADethical considerations
AMI
ET
TH

32
SlidesCarnival TN DR MGR UNIV II Research Question II SEP 14th ,21
SysTools PDF Watermark Demo Version
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Practice time..
Consider the following research question
N
● For each of the question , write in a single sentence that specifies L AT
IO
U
predictor, outcome and population C IRC
R
FO
● Apply the “FINER” criteria TN
O T
E N
● Rewrite the research question to overcome -anyCO
NT problem (if any)

S ITY
ER
U NIV
IC AL
D
1. Does lowering serum cholesterol G R ME prevent heart disease?
M
2. Does dietary pattern among A D UD
R
school children affect their
IL N
academic performance?
E T AM
TH
3. What is the relationship between sleep and health?
4. Does eating less dietary fibre cause cancer?

33
SlidesCarnival TN DR MGR UNIV II Research Question II SEP 14th ,21
SysTools PDF Watermark Demo Version
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Thanks! UL
ATIO
N

CIRC
Until there’s a research question, the material is Opreserved OR
TF
T N
better in the cave. ON
T EN

Y -C -Danny Walker
SIT
Any questions? UN
IV ER

ICAL
M ED
You can find me at: R MG
R
Acknowledgement for content
D
Dr.T.S.Gugapriya A DU ● Professor Tarek Tawfik Amin
LN
MI
Professor(Additional) Anatomy,AIIMS
ET
A ● Jamie mannion -white cloud solutions
TH
Nagpur
guga.tarun@gmail.com
9444163451

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SlidesCarnival TN DR MGR UNIV II Research Question II SEP 14th ,21