Chapter 8

8.1 Measurement in Two Dimensions

Measurements in two dimensions include perimeter, area, and circumference.

The perimeter of a shape or figure is the distance around it. Perimeter is given in
units oflength,
The perimeter of the rectangle below is 2 cm + 2 cm + 6 cm + 6 cm = 16 cm.
The perimeter of the triangle below is 4 cm + 4 cm + 7 cm = 15 cm.

6 cm 4 cm 4cm
cm
2cm 2cm

6 cm 7 cm

Area is the amount of space inside a shape. Area is given in square units.
The area of the rectangle shown above is 2 cm x 6 cm = 12 cm2.
The area of the triangle shown above is ^ x 7 cm x 3 cm = 10.5 cm2.

Circumference is the distance around a circle. We will look closer at circles in

Chapter 9.

Below is a review of the equations to use to find the perimeter, area, and
circumference of common figures.

Geom
eometric Shape Perimeter Area

Triangle
p = a +jb +c A 4^
a c
h

-L
b

Square
s p =s+s+s+s A =SxS

_T ~Q = 4s = s2

s s

-L
n
s
Chapter 8

Geometric Shape Perimeter Area

Rectangle P = /+IV+/ +W A=/w

= 21 + 2w
=2(/+wl
w

Parallelogram P= a +a +b+b A=bh

= 2a + 2b
= 2(a + b)

Trapezoid P=a+£)+c+cf A = \{a + 6)/7

->—

Circle C=nd A=7ir2

or

C=2nr
Chapter 8

Examples with Solutions

Find the area and the perimeter or circumference of the following figures.

1. 2.

65mm 11 cm
40 mm
13cm

22cm
61 mm
Perimeter = 2(a + b)
Perimeter = a + b + c =2(13+22)
=40+65+61 =70 cm
= 166mm
Area = b h

Area = ^ x b x h = 22 x 11
= 242 cm2
=^x61x 35

=1067.5 mm2

3.

12m

18m

Perimeter = 2(1 + w)
=2(18+12)
Circumference = 2nr
=60 cm
=2x3.14x9
= 56.52 cm
Area = / w

=18x 12 Area = nr2

= 3.14 x92
= 216m2
=3.14x81
= 254.34 cm2
Chapter 8

Exercises 8»1

Find the perimeter or circumference of the following figures.

1. 2.

19m
12m
11.2cm

25m 11,2cm

3. 4.

5m

LL -^-
12m

Find the area of the following figures.

5. 6.

19m.
J2m
8m 11.2cm

25m 11,2cm
Chapter 8

7. 8.

7m 5m

tn- «-
12m

9» Find the area and perimeter of the figure shown below.

6m
p~" T:

8m
if

~' E

^ 5m
/

LL
20m

10. A rectangle has a width of 13.5 cm and an area of 453 cm2. Find the length of
the rectangle.

11. A square has an area of 676 cm2. Find the perimeter of the square.