ABSTRACT

This research paper endeavors to examine the implications of China's increasing presence in the
Indian Ocean Region (IOR) on the National Security of India. The Indian Ocean is the third
largest ocean of the world and is therefore, considered to be of varied importance due to its
strategic presence. China heavily relies on this maritime expanse for its import and export
activities, with approximately 80 percent of its oil imports traversing through this route.
However, China's seamless trade and supply chain movement faces a formidable challenge at the
strategic chokepoints of the Malacca Strait and the Strait of Hormuz. It is well understood by
China that neighboring countries possess the capability to disrupt these critical passages during
conflicts, thus posing a considerable quandary for the country. To address these concerns, China
has pursued a strategy of enhancing its presence in the Indian Ocean through infrastructure
development, notably by constructing ports in countries such as Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and
Myanmar. India perceives this heightened Chinese investment in its neighboring states as a
significant external challenge to its national security. This paper will further explore India's
response to China's growing influence in the IOR, including diplomatic efforts to foster bilateral
relations with countries like Sri Lanka and the Maldives. Additionally, India's participation in
strategic partnerships such as the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QUAD) will be examined as
part of its broader strategy to counterbalance China's presence in the region.