“COMBINED EFFECT OF CRUMB RUBBER AND BRICK DUST ON THE

PROPERTIES OF HOT MIX ASPHALT”

FYP-I presented by
(20CE109)
Hasnain Amjad (GL)
(20CE065)
Abdul Majeed Channa (AGL)
(20-19CE145)
Ajay Jessani (Member)

Supervisor

ENGR: LAL CHAND MARWARI

Faculty of Architecture and Civil Engineering

(May, 2024) `
 INTRODUCTION

As the traffic volume increases day-by-day at a very rapid pace, the
improvement of roads and paving materials becomes a necessary
requirement for the very safe, smooth, non-damageable, economical
passage of the vehicles.

The roads are to be designed in a way to give significant stability,

moisture resistance and stiffness to the road.
 INTRODUCTION
• WHY TO USE CRUMB RUBBER?

As the number of vehicles increase in roadways, the scrap tires have also been found to
increase. These scrap tires are of no use so they are generally disposed off, and either burned
or left over for decomposition. Due to the complex chemical composition & structure of the rubber,
it is hard for scrap tires to decompose in nature.
Thus by both means: either burning or decomposing, the surrounding environment is negatively
impacted.
Hence; there arrives the need of effectively recycling these scrap tires. One of the effective recycling
technique for scrap tires is to convert them into Crumb Rubber (CR).
The Crumb Rubber has been proven to be helpful in improving the performance of asphalt pavements, reducing the
noise of moving vehicles, and reducing the chance of the pavements to thermally crack or deform by rutting.

 In comparison with other polymers, the availability of the crumb rubber is much higher, and even from the costing
point-of-view, the crumb rubber is much economical, although polymer might show better properties in asphalt
mix sometimes.
 INTRODUCTION
• WHY TO USE BRICK DUST?

As the construction-and-demolition (C&D) waste tends to increase with the

increasing constructions, there is ample amount of waste being obtained from it;
the major fraction being of the cement concrete and brick dust.
The brick dust is although harmless to the environment, but it’s disposal may
create a dull appearing surface, and also may effect the soil characteristics.
There is no proper method to effectively use this brick
waste, except to effectively recycle them to a useful mixture; for
example: it is used in replacement of aggregates in concrete
mix/asphalt mix.

The brick dust has also been proven beneficial for improvement of
properties of the bituminous mix.
 PROBLEM STATEMENT
Rutting and fatigue cracking are among the major distresses that lead to permanent failure of the
pavement surface. The properties and durability of the conventional asphalt, however, are deficient in
resisting pavement distresses, due to which, asphalt modification is required. Hence, the task of current
asphalt researchers is to look towards the sustainable modifiers that can be used to resist those
distresses, at minimal cost.

 Using recycled polymer such as crumb rubber is one of the good sustainable, environment-friendly and
inexpensive alternative; which would transform unwanted residue i-e: scrap tires into a new bituminous
mixture, which is highly resistant to failure.
 Similarly, usage of brick dust in asphalt mix is a contribution towards sustainability of asphalt pavements
by incorporating a recycled waste in mixture instead of procuring and using a new manufactured
material; moreover it’s usage reduces the huge chunk of solid waste disposed off from construction-
demolition of buildings and manufacturing of bricks, thus preventing the contamination from landfills and
protecting health & environment.

Overall, our research is aimed towards addressing waste-recycling strategy, thus making sustainable,
durable and economical bituminous mixtures.
 AIM & OBJECTIVES

 Aim
 To investigate the combined effect of crumb rubber and brick dust, used
as a partial replacement of conventional filler in hot mix asphalt
 Objectives
I. To determine the volumetric properties of conventional Asphalt mixes
II. To determine the volumetric properties of modified Asphalt mixes
III. To determine the optimum percentages of crumb rubber and brick dust
as fillers in asphalt mix
IV. To compare conventional and modified volumetric properties of asphalt
mix.
 SCOPE & LIMITATIONS OF STUDY
In our research, we will be preparing 21 samples of bituminous mixtures with variation of 0%, 3% and
6% in brick dust-crumb rubber contents. We have to keep one of the both (brick dust or crumb
rubber) as constant, while we vary the other material. So, when crumb rubber is varied by 0%, 3%, 6%;
the brick dust will be kept as constant 9%; and when brick dust is varied by same percentages, the
crumb rubber will be kept as constant 9%.

In our study; while preparing the Marshall samples, we will be keeping bitumen content as a fixed 5%
throughout 21 samples, instead of finding the “Optimum Bitumen Content (OBC)”. Therefore, the
results might vary if bitumen content is varied in future researches.

The filler we will be using and replacing in this study is only stone dust. The results might vary for
other conventional fillers like lime, cement dust, etc.

The quality/gradations of the aggregates, crumb rubber, stone dust and brick dust might affect the
accuracy of the results.
 LITERATURE REVIEW
USE OF BRICK DUST IN ASPHALT MIX
Author(s) Title Year Methodology Findings

John “Evaluation of the 2023 Sixteen asphalt concrete samples were produced, and The results showed the significant improvements in
Trustgod, Stability and Flow of eight were soaked for a day. Samples contained 5% resistance and Marshall stability of the mixtures in
Ebuka Asphalt Concrete Bitumen, 2% to 5% brick tile powder, and conventional which brick dust was incorporated. Thus research
Nwankwo Produced with Waste stone dust filler. The properties of samples were concluded that brick dust is very effective and
Brick Tile Powder as a evaluated using the Marshall test. sustainable alternative of conventional filers in
Filler” asphalt mix.[1]
Hasan “Investigating the 2016 The primary natural siliceous aggregate filler, as control The research concluded that increasing the brick dust
Taherkhani, Properties of Asphalt filler, has been replaced in different percentages, with the content resulted in the higher Marshall Stability,
Hossein Concrete Containing secondary recycled brick powder, and the mixtures have decreased Flow Value; improved resistance against
Bayat Recycled Brick Powder been evaluated in terms of, Marshal Stability, flow, permanent deformation, and improved durability,
as Filler” indirect tensile strength, moisture damage and volumetric moisture damage, mechanical properties and indirect
characteristics. tensile strength.[2]
M. Rahman, “Use of Non- 2013 The non-conventional fillers such as non-plastic sand, Brick dust was found to be much better for
M. Sobhan Conventional Fillers on brick dust and ash as used as a filler replacement in improvement of stability, deformation and other
Asphalt-Concrete asphalt mixtures characteristics of asphalt-concrete characteristics.; along with imparting a good strength
Mixture” mixtures are compared with conventional ones according to asphalt mixture; although brick dust and ash
to the test procedure specified by AASHTO. absorbed more bitumen due to their fineness.[3]
Afifa “Effect Of Fillers On 2012 15 samples of asphalt mixtures were prepared by a non- The research found that the mixes obtained from
Rahman, Bituminous Paving conventional filler; brick dust and conventional fillers: brick dust addition showed more stability than
Ashik Ali, Mixes: An cement and stone dust in different amounts; and the conventional fillers and sufficient Marshall Properties
Sajal Kumar, Experimental Study” materials were tested according to the standard test to meet the specifications of the highway design of
Quazi Sazzad procedure of AASHTO. that country.[4]
 LITERATURE REVIEW
USE OF CRUMB RUBBER IN ASPHALT MIX
Author(s) Title Year Methodology Findings

N. S. Mashaan, “A review on using crumb rubber 2014 Bituminous mixture samples were prepared by using The study proved that CR can be used as the
A. H. Ali, M. R. in reinforcement of asphalt finer crumb rubber as the reinforcement layer and reinforcement to improve the performance
Karim, M. pavement” Marshall test was performed on each sample. of asphalt mixture in replacement of a
Abdelaziz polymer material.[5]

J. B. Król, P. “Laboratory and Field 2014 Bituminous binder was modified with mix The study showed that CR-modified asphalt
Radziszewski, K. Investigations of Polymer and modification of polymer and crumb mixes exhibited enhancement in
J. Kowalski, M. Crumb Rubber Modified rubber.Laboratory tests tested and compared the viscoelasticity of mix in comparison with
Sarnowski, P. Bitumen” properties of 45/80-55 CR binder with reference unmodified bitumen used in other samples;
Czajkowski 50/70 and conventional polymer-modified 45/80-55 alongside showing positive changes in
bitumen. stability of mix.[6]

N. S. Mashaan, “Performance evaluation of 2013 The bitumen 80/100 penetration grade was used, The research found that Marshal stability
A. H. Ali, S. crumb rubber modified stone modified with crumb rubber (CRM) at five different values obtained in the CR-modified mixture
Koting, and M. R. mastic asphalt pavement in modification levels, namely, 6%, 12%, 16%, and 20%, samples were more than the mixtures
Karim Malaysia” respectively, by weight of the bitumen and samples without CR-modification.[7]
were prepared to check Marshall stability
B. J. Putman, S. “Crumb Rubber Modification of 2006 This investigation used the method to quantify both The research showed that that CR improved
N. Amirkhanian Binders: Interaction and Particle the interaction effect and particle effect of CRM, the properties of asphalt significantly along
Effects” determined using a rotational viscometer by with decreasing the fluidity of the mix.[8]
ambient and cryogenic grinding, two CRM contents,
and three binder sources.
 DESIGN & METHODOLOGY
PART#1: QUALITY TESTS ON AGGREGATES & BITUMEN

AGGREGATES BITUMEN

COARSE FINE
FILLERS
AGGREGATES AGGREGATES

QUALITY TESTS QUALITY TESTS

• ELONGATION & FLAKINESS STONE DUST • SOFTENING POINT TEST

INDEX TEST • FLASH & FIRE POINT TEST
• SOUNDNESS TEST • DUCTILITY TEST
• ABRASION TEST • PENETRATION TEST
• IMPACT VALUE TEST • SPECIFIC GRAVITY TEST
• CRUSHING VALUE TEST
• STRIPPING VALUE TEST
• SPECIFIC GRAVITY TEST
 DESIGN DESIGN & METHODOLOGY
& METHODOLOGY
PART#2: BLENDING OF AGGREGATES

 21 Bituminous Mixtures with varying percentages of crumb rubber & brick dust are to be prepared by Marshall Mix
Design Method for evaluating the combined effect of both waste materials on the properties of resulting asphalt
mixtures.

 But before preparing the Marshall moulds, we need to perform proper blending of the aggregates such that they
meet the range of Target Mean Point (TMP) of the following specifications:
 DESIGN & METHODOLOGY
PART#3: MARSHALL MIX DESIGN SAMPLES

(3 SAMPLES)
REPLACEMENT OF STONE DUST 21 MARSHAL CONVENTIONAL
SAMPLES FILLER CONTENT WITH:
• 100% STONE DUST
(WITH 5% BITUMEN) [NO REPLACEMENT]

(3 SAMPLES) (3 SAMPLES) (3 SAMPLES)

CRUMB RUBBER CONSTANT,
BRICK DUST VARIATION FILLER CONTENT WITH: FILLER CONTENT WITH: FILLER CONTENT WITH:
• 9% CRUMB RUBBER • 9% CRUMB RUBBER • 9% CRUMB RUBBER
(9 SAMPLES) • 0% BRICK DUST • 3% BRICK DUST • 6% BRICK DUST

(3 SAMPLES) (3 SAMPLES) (3 SAMPLES)

BRICK DUST CONSTANT,
CRUMB RUBBER VARIATION FILLER CONTENT WITH: FILLER CONTENT WITH: FILLER CONTENT WITH:
• 0% CRUMB RUBBER • 3% CRUMB RUBBER • 6% CRUMB RUBBER
(9 SAMPLES) • 9% BRICK DUST • 9% BRICK DUST • 9% BRICK DUST
 DESIGN & METHODOLOGY
PART#4: VOLUMETRIC PROPERTIES OF BITUMINOUS MIXTURES

The following volumetric properties of the

bituminous mixtures will be determined by their
procedures and formulas:

i. Theoretical Specific Gravity (Gt)

ii. The Bulk Specific Gravity Of The Mix (Gm)
iii. Percent Air Voids (Vv)
iv. Percent Volume Of Bitumen (Vb)
v. Percent Void In Mixed Aggregate (VMA)
vi. Percent Voids Filled With Bitumen (VFB)
 DESIGN & METHODOLOGY
PART#5: MARSHALL TESTING: STABILITY & FLOW VALUE

• Marshall Stability Value:

It is the maximum load that a sample can endure in

compression till its failure. The value of stability is
mathematically calculated once the proving ring reading is
recorded corresponding to the point of failure of the
specimen.

• Flow Value:

It is the total deformation (expressed in mm) that a sample

shows till the point of failure. It is generally expressed in
units of 0.25mm. The flow value is obtained by multiplying
the flow gauge reading with the gauge’s least count.
M
 REFERENCES
[1] J. A. TrustGod and E. Nwankwo, “Evaluation of the Stability and Flow of Asphalt Concrete Produced with Waste
Brick Tile Powder as a Filler,” Journal of Engineering, vol. 29, no. 12, pp. 1–13, Dec. 2023, doi:
10.31026/j.eng.2023.12.01.
[2] H. Taherkhani and H. Bayat, “Investigating the Properties of Asphalt Concrete Containing Recycled Brick
Powder as Filler,” International Journal of Science and Engineering Investigations, vol. 5, p. 49, 2016, [Online].
[3] M.N Rahman and M.A. Sobhan, “Use of Non-Conventional Fillers on Asphalt-Concrete Mixture”. © 2013
Innovative Space of Scientific Research Journals. c Research Journals. http://www.issr-journals.org/ijias/, p. 9.
[4] A. Rahman, S. Ashik Ali, S. Kumar Adhikary, and Q. Sazzad Hossain, “EFFECT OF FILLERS ON
BITUMINOUS PAVING MIXES: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY,” 2012.
[5] B. J. Putman and S. N. Amirkhanian, “Crumb Rubber Modification of Binders: Interaction and Particle Effects.”
[6] N. S. Mashaan, A. H. Ali, M. R. Karim, and M. Abdelaziz, “A review on using crumb rubber in reinforcement of
asphalt pavement,” The Scientific World Journal, vol. 2014. 2014. doi: 10.1155/2014/214612.
[7] J. B. Król, P. Radziszewski, K. J. Kowalski, M. Sarnowski, and P. Czajkowski, “Laboratory and Field
Investigations of Polymer and Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen,” 2014.
[8] N. S. Mashaan, A. H. Ali, S. Koting, and M. R. Karim, “Performance evaluation of crumb rubber modified stone
mastic asphalt pavement in Malaysia,” Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 2013, 2013, doi:
10.1155/2013/304676.
THANK YOU!