Cambridge International Examinations

Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level

* 6 2 2 5 9 6 6 8 8 4 *

PHYSICS 9702/22
Paper 2 AS Level Structured Questions May/June 2016
1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
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DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Answer all questions.

Electronic calculators may be used.

You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

Done

This document consists of 15 printed pages and 1 blank page.

DC (LEG/FD) 108391/3
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Data

speed of light in free space c = 3.00 × 108 m s−1

permeability of free space μ0 = 4π × 10−7 H m−1

permittivity of free space ε0 = 8.85 × 10−12 F m−1

1
( = 8.99 × 109 m F−1)
4πε0
elementary charge e = 1.60 × 10−19 C

the Planck constant h = 6.63 × 10−34 J s

unified atomic mass unit 1 u = 1.66 × 10−27 kg

rest mass of electron me = 9.11 × 10−31 kg

rest mass of proton mp = 1.67 × 10−27 kg

molar gas constant R = 8.31 J K−1 mol−1

the Avogadro constant NA = 6.02 × 1023 mol−1

the Boltzmann constant k = 1.38 × 10−23 J K−1

gravitational constant G = 6.67 × 10−11 N m2 kg−2

acceleration of free fall g = 9.81 m s−2

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Formulae

1
uniformly accelerated motion s = ut + 2 at 2
v 2 = u 2 + 2as

work done on/by a gas W = p ΔV

Gm
gravitational potential φ =−
r

hydrostatic pressure p = ρgh

1 Nm 2
pressure of an ideal gas p = 3
〈c 〉
V
simple harmonic motion a = − ω 2x

velocity of particle in s.h.m. v = v0 cos ωt

v = ± ω √⎯(x⎯ 0⎯ 2⎯ –⎯ ⎯ x⎯ 2⎯ )
fsv
Doppler effect fo =
v ± vs

Q
electric potential V =
4πε0r

capacitors in series 1/C = 1/C1 + 1/C2 + . . .

capacitors in parallel C = C1 + C2 + . . .

energy of charged capacitor W = 12 QV

electric current I = Anvq

resistors in series R = R1 + R2 + . . .

resistors in parallel 1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + . . .

BI
Hall voltage VH =
ntq

alternating current/voltage x = x0 sin ω t

radioactive decay x = x0 exp(−λt)

0.693
decay constant λ =
t 1
2

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 4

Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

1 (a) Define acceleration.

Acceleration is rate of change of

velocity
...................................................................................................................................................
.

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) A man travels on a toboggan down a slope covered with snow from point A to point B and
then to point C. The path is illustrated in Fig. 1.1.

man

toboggan, at rest
A

340
h = 340 singy

40°
horizontal
B

horizontal 20°
C
Fig. 1.1 (not to scale)

The slope AB makes an angle of 40° with the horizontal and the slope BC makes an angle of
20° with the horizontal. Friction is not negligible.

The man and toboggan have a combined mass of 95 kg.

The man starts from rest at A and has constant acceleration between A and B. The man
takes 19 s to reach B. His speed is 36 m s–1 at B.

(i) Calculate the acceleration from A to B.

u=0 ,
v =
36 , t =
195

36-0
a 89m52
=
=
=
1 .

19

1 9
acceleration = ................................................. m s–2 [2]
:

(ii) Show that the distance moved from A to B is 340 m.

?
S = ut + at

[ (1-89)(9)2
=
o +

=
340m
[1]
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(iii) For the man and toboggan moving from A to B, calculate

1. the change in kinetic energy,

& KE =
gmu-tuut
[m (v2 nz)
= =
2x Ex (362 of
-

= 615605
= 620005

62008
change in kinetic energy = ....................................................... J [2]

2. the change in potential energy.

XPE
myWh
=

(5) (5 51) (340 Sin 40%

=
.

=
2 .
04X105J
= 2 .
0x105
:
2
2⑧ X105
change in potential energy = .......................................................
·

J [2]

(iv) Use your answers in (iii) to determine the average frictional force that acts on the
toboggan between A and B.
W .
d = FX &
XPE W
OKE dEniction
=
+ .

142000 =
FX340

=> 2 .
04 X105 = 62000 + Nd Friction Frictional Force =
1176
= GeON
=> WdFriction =
142000T

428
frictional force = ......................................................
t N [2]

(v) A parachute opens on the toboggan as it passes point B. There is a constant deceleration
of 3.0 m s–2 from B to C.

Calculate the frictional force that produces this deceleration between B and C.

f F = ma
M
wsinO-f = ma

mysino-f = m a

susings f mgsing-ma
=
=

95(9 81) Sin20

. -

(9) (3)
200
= 604NVGOON
frictional force = ...................................................... N [2]

[Total: 12]

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2 (a) Fig. 2.1 shows a liquid in a cylindrical container.

Fig. 2.1

The cross-sectional area of the container is A. The height of the column of liquid is h and the
density of the liquid is ρ.

Show that the pressure p due to the liquid on the base of the cylinder is given by

p = ρgh.

P=
f m
=

P =

w
m Sv
=

p
m
=

S
=

= xg
A
[3]

=
Shg
p =

199

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(b) The variation with height h of the total pressure P on the base of the cylinder in (a) is shown in
Fig. 2.2.

3.0

/ 105 Pa

2.0

4
y 1x105
=

1.0 T
-U =
0 -

75

0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
/m

Fig. 2.2

(i) Explain why the line of the graph in Fig. 2.2 does not pass through the origin (0,0).

When his zeno , the pressure is not zero due to

...........................................................................................................................................

pressure from the atmosphere

.......................................................................................................................................[1]
.

(ii) Use data from Fig. 2.2 to calculate the density of the liquid in the cylinder.
UP
gradient =
In
P =
hSg
=
1x105
0 .
75
99 =
I
1 0x105
99
.

=
0 75.

10x105
9 =

0 .
75XD S/ .
= 13592 kgni3
= 14000

density = ..............................................
14000 kg m–3 [2]

[Total: 6]

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3 (a) Define the Young modulus.

Ratio of stress to strain

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) The Young modulus of steel is 1.9 × 1011 Pa. The Young modulus of copper is 1.2 × 1011 Pa.

A steel wire and a copper wire each have the same cross-sectional area and length. The two
wires are each extended by equal forces.

(i) Use the definition of the Young modulus to determine the ratio
A ,l
,F
aheaut
re
Fl
extension of the copper wire .
extension of the steel wire =
E =

F AES

= =
= 1:

1 6
ratio = ...........................................................[3]
:

(ii) The two wires are each extended by a force. Both wires obey Hooke’s law.

On Fig. 3.1, sketch a graph for each wire to show the variation with extension of the
force.

Label the line for steel with the letter S and the line for copper with the letter C.

force

E-Te
0
0 extension

Modul
ext ens ion
Fig. 3.1

Young
[1]

Higher unit
force [Total: 5]

Per
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4 (a) By reference to the direction of the propagation of energy, state what is meant by a longitudinal
wave and by a transverse wave.

The oscillationE of particles parallel to the

longitudinal: ...............................................................................................................................
atte

direction of
propagation of energy.
...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

The oscillations of particles perpendiculate

transverse: ................................................................................................................................
are

to the direction of
propagation of energy.
...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) The intensity of a sound wave passing through air is given by

Ι = Kvρ f 2A2

where Ι is the intensity (power per unit area),

K is a constant without units, Y

m
v is the speed of sound,
ρ is the density of air,
f is the frequency of the wave
and A is the amplitude of the wave. m

Show that both sides of the equation have the same SΙ base units.

I =
Power P =
Fv
-

Area
= mav

=
Kgm52 mst
2
=gms2 (ms)
un

=
kg53

<

KVSfA (ms") (ngm3) (5) =

(n't

Kg53 =

[3]

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 10

(c) (i) Describe the Doppler effect.

change in observed
frequency when the
...........................................................................................................................................

relative to the observer

source is
moving
.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) A distant star is moving away from a stationary observer.

State the effect of the motion on the light observed from the star.

The
frequency of the
light observed decreases
...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(d) A car travels at a constant speed towards a stationary observer. The horn of the car sounds at
a frequency of 510 Hz and the observer hears a frequency of 550 Hz. The speed of sound in
air is 340 m s–1.

Calculate the speed of the car.

Ves
fo =

V -

VS

340x50
550 =

340 - VS

Vs =
24 ·
7ms
= 25ms

25
speed = ................................................ m s–1 [3]

[Total: 10]

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5 (a) Light of a single wavelength is incident on a diffraction grating. Explain the part played by
diffraction and interference in the production of the first order maximum by the diffraction
grating.

of waves when it passes

spreading through
diffraction: .................................................................................................................................
a
gap
...................................................................................................................................................

Overlapping of waves from a coherent source

interference: ..............................................................................................................................

where the path difference is X

produces the
...................................................................................................................................................

first order
...................................................................................................................................................
.

...................................................................................................................................................
[3]

(b) The diffraction grating illustrated in Fig. 5.1 is used with light of wavelength 486 nm.

second order

first order
light
wavelength 486 nm
59.4° zero order

diffraction
grating first order

second order screen

Fig. 5.1 (not to scale)

The orders of the maxima produced are shown on the screen in Fig. 5.1. The angle between
the two second order maxima is 59.4°.

Calculate the number of lines per millimetre of the grating.

5 097 x105
↓ Sin0 nX must
.

0974105m
=

1000

* Since = 2x486x10-
=
509-7 mail
Sin (59 4/2)
.

N = ~ 510mml
2x486 X10
=
5 .

number of lines per millimetre = ................................................

518 mm–1 [3]

[Total: 6]
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BLANK PAGE

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X
6 Two parallel vertical metal plates are connected to a power supply, as shown in Fig. 6.1.

metal plate metal plate

16 mm

+ –

Fig. 6.1

The separation of the plates is 16 mm.

(a) On Fig. 6.1, draw at least six field lines to represent the electric field between the plates. [1]

(b) An α-particle travels in a vacuum between the two plates.

The electric field does work on the α-particle. The gain in kinetic energy of the α-particle is
15 keV.

Calculate the electric field strength between the plates.

electric field strength = ................................................ V m–1 [4]

[Total: 5]

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7 (a) Electric current is a flow of charge carriers. The charge on the carriers is quantised. Explain
what is meant by quantised.

exists in discrete amounts

change only
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
.

(b) A battery of electromotive force (e.m.f.) 9.0 V and internal resistance 0.25 Ω is connected in
series with two identical resistors X and a resistor Y, as shown in Fig. 7.1.

battery
9.0 V 0.25

2 777 :

X Y X

0.15 2.7 0.15

Fig. 7.1

The resistance of each resistor X is 0.15 Ω and the resistance of resistor Y is 2.7 Ω.

(i) Show that the current in the circuit is 2.8 A.

V = IR
=> 5 0
. =
1 (0 .
15 + 2 7 + . 0 15 + 0
. .

25)
=> I =
2 77A
.

~ 2 SA -

[3]

(ii) Calculate the potential difference across the battery.

of (0 25)
battery 0 -2-77
= .

P d .

=
8 31v
.

Pd of battery =
IR 2 77(0 15 +
.
0 .
15 + 2-7)

bacnos
.
= -

me = 8 31 v
.

is
c
I
battery a b
.

termiwhich
p
is
a
nal availab ↓
8 31
potential difference = ......................................................
.

V [2]

XOeirenit
e
I
to
ef

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(c) Each resistor X connected in the circuit in (b) is made from a wire with a cross-sectional area
of 2.5 mm2. The number of free electrons per unit volume in the wire is 8.5 × 1029 m–3.

(i) Calculate the average drift speed of the electrons in X.

I = Anua

(5X10778 5x1629)(16x106)
I
V
=
=

Ang
.

= 8 .
147X10Smst

8 1 x156
drift speed = ................................................
.

m s–1 [2]

(ii) The two resistors X are replaced by two resistors Z made of the same material and
length but with half the diameter.

Describe and explain the difference between the average drift speed in Z and that in X.

Resistance of E increases 4 times as area

by
...........................................................................................................................................
decrease by 14 Current down but
goes
...........................................................................................................................................
·

less than a factors of 4 (as total resistance does not

...........................................................................................................................................
go up by a factor of 4)
. So, drift
speed goes up.
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
FOR E [Total: 10]
I -

R
S
-]
=

X Y X Although resistance
S and L constant = of zincreased by
0: 15r 2 7r
. 0 .
151
4 ,
the total
RG

/
Riotal = 31 resistance of
circuit does not
-Rad increase
by 4
.
After
I (because resistance
diameter halves of y remains
4 times
Resistance increases by Z Y Z
unchange)
R4 by les than 4
R4 4 times 0 Gi.

- 72
2 0 6-
.

It by less than 4
Riotal = 3 .
Sh

I =
nAuq It by less than 4 , Va by less than 4
n and
a are constant
& - halves V* 4 times
,
v
=
v -
drift s goes up
speed va
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8 (a) State the name of the class (group) to which each of the following belongs:

lepton
electron ...............................................................

hadrion/ Banyon
neutron ................................................................

lepton
neutrino ...............................................................

hadiion/Baryon
proton ..................................................................
[2]

(b) A proton may decay into a neutron together with two other particles.

(i) Complete the following to give an equation that represents this proton decay.

1p ........ n + ........
8
B + .................
O
V
1 !
........ ........
1
.........
........
D
[2]

(ii) Write an equation for this decay in terms of quark composition.

und - udd

[1]
(iii) State the name of the force responsible for this decay.

weak nuclear force

.......................................................................................................................................[1]
.

[Total: 6]

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