Answers 2.

5 Momentum

90000 m
(a) 90km h-1 = 3600 s = 25 m s-1
Momentum = mv
= 0.05 x 25
= 1.25 kg m s-1
(b) Momentum = mv
= 0.4 x 12
= 4.8 kg m s-1
108000 m
(c) 108 km h = 3600 s
-1
= 30 m s-1
Momentum = mv
= 900 x 30
= 27000 kg m s-1
(d) Momentum = mv
= 0.02 x 200
= 4 kg m s-1

3(8) + 2(2) = (3+2)v

28 = 5v

v = 5.6 m s-1
 10(1) + 2(4) = (1)8 + 2v

16 = 8 + 2v

v = 4 m s-1

(c) 0.5(4) + 0.3(-10) = 0.5(-v) + 0.3(0)

2 – 3 = -0.5v
v = 2 m s-1

(d) 400(10) + 200(-5) = 400v + 200(10)

4000 – 1000 = 400v + 2000
1000 = 400v
v = 2.5 m s-1

(e) 300(6) + 100(-u) = 300(2) + 100(4)

1800 - 100u = 600 +400
-100u = -800
u = 8 m s-1
 5 m/s 2 m/s v

4kg 2kg 4kg 2kg

Before collision After collision

4(5) + 2(-2) = (4+2) v

16 = 6v

2
V = 2 3 m s-1

5 m/s 2 m/s v 3 m/s

2kg 3kg 2kg 3kg

Before collision After collision

2(5) + 3(2) = 2V + 3(3)

10 + 6 = 2v + 9
16 – 9 = 2v
v = 3.5 m s-1
v m/s V'
0 m/s

2kg 3kg 2kg 3kg

P Q P Q
Before collision After collision
2(v) + 3(0) = (2+3) V’

2v = 5V’

2
V’ = 5 v m s-1

0.2 m/s 30m/s

20g = 0.02kg
3kg
Total momentum after explosion = 3(-0.2) + 0.02(30) = 0 kg m s-1
 v 0.5 m/s

50kg 30kg

Total momentum before collision = Total momentum after collision

0 = 50(-v) + 30(0.5)
50v = 30(0.5)
v = 0.3 m/s

4 m/s

u m/s

20g
980g 20g+ 980g
Before collision After collision

20(u) + 980(0) = (20+980)4

20u = 4000

u = 200 m/s
 1.0 m/s 50m/s

50g = 0.05kg
Mkg
0 = Momentum of rifle + momentum of bullet after explosion

0 = M(-1) + 0.05(50)

M(1) = 0.05(50)

M = 2.5 kg

v m/s 2.0m/s
0 m/s

50g 450g 50g 450g

P Q P Q
Before collision After collision

50(v) + 0 = (50+450)2

50v = 1000

v = 20 m s-1
 9 cm 5 cm
u = 5×0 . 02 s = 90 cm s-1 v = 5×0 . 02 s = 50 cm s-1

90 cm/s 50cm/s
0 m/s

M 1.5kg M 1.5kg

Before collision After collision

90M + 0 = (M + 1.5)50

90M = 50M + 75

40M = 75

M = 1.875 kg

Explosion :

0 = Momentum of fisherman + momentum of boat (after explosion)

0 = 60( -3) + 200v

180 = 200v
 V = 0.9 m/s

Inelastic collision

50(5) + 20(1.5) = (50+20)v

280 = 70v

v = 4 m/s

Explosion

0 = Momentum of trolley A + momentum of trolley B

30 cm 50 cm
0 = 2(- t ) + m( t )

60 = 50m

m = 1.2 kg