Simple Stress And strain

Following are some frequently asked questions in Simple Stress And strain

What is stress
FAQ

Stress is defined as the intensity of force that acts per unit area.

What are the different kinds of stresses.

FAQ

There are three kinds of stresses - Normal stress, Shear stress, and
Volumetric stress.
Normal stress [σ] - Normal stress occurs when a force acts perpendicular
to the surface area.
F
Normal stress [σ] =
A
Shear stress [τ] - Shear stress occurs when a force acts parallel to the
surface area.
F
Shear stress [τ] =
A
Volumetric stress [σv] - Volumetric stress occurs when a force acts such
that it create in increase volume.

What is strain?
FAQ

Strain is defined as the ratio of change in dimension to the original

dimension.

What are the different kinds of strains?

FAQ

There are three kinds of strains. Linear strain, Shear strain, and Volumetric
strain.
Linear strain [ε] - Linear strain is defined as the ratio of change in
dimension to original dimension.
Δl
Linear strain [ε] =
l
Shear strain [Φ] - Shear strain is defined as the ratio of change in shear
dimension to the original dimension.
Δx
Shear strain [φ] =
l
Volumetric strain [εv] - Volumetric strain is defined as the ratio of
change in volume to the original volume.
Δv
Volumetric strain [εv] =
v

What is Stress-Strain curve?

FAQ

Stress-Strain curve is a graph that shows the relation between stress and
strain for a material. Stress-Strain curve is drawn on the stress-Strain graph
which has Stress on X axis and Strain on Y axis.

What is Hooke's law?

FAQ

Hooke's law states that for relatively small deformations of objects, the
force required to create the deformation is directly proportional to the size
of deformation.

What is Poisson's ratio?

FAQ

Poisson's ratio [ν] is defined as the ratio of lateral strain to longitudinal

strain.
Formula
εlat
Poisson's ratio [ν] =
εlong

What is Young's modulas?

FAQ

Young's modulus [E] is a measure of stiffness of an object, and is defined

as the ratio of longitudinal stress to strain.
Stress
Young's modulus [E] = [σ]
Strain [ε]

What is Rigidity modulus?

FAQ

Rigidity modulus [G] is defined as the ratio of shear stress to shear strain.
Shear stress [τ]
Rigidity modulus [G] =
Shear strain [γ]

What is the Bulk modulas?

FAQ

Bulk modulus [G] is a measure of resistance of a body to external

pressure. It is defined as the ratio of applied pressure to the decrease in
volume (volumetric strain).
Pressure [p]
Bulk modulus [G] =
Volumetric strain [εv]

What is temperature stress?

FAQ

An object undergoes a change in length when it is heated. If this length is restrained, then
stress is induced in the object. This is known as temperature induced stress.

What is temperature coefficient of expansion?

FAQ

Coefficient of Expansion [α] - is defined as the change in length in an object of unit length
when heated by a temperature difference of 1 unit

Beams
Following are some frequently asked questions in Beams

What are different types of beams?

Key Concept

There are six different kinds of beams.

Cantilever beams, Simply supported beams, Overhanging beams,
Continous beams, Fixed ended beams, and Cantilever - simply supported
beams.

What are different kinds of loads that can act on a beam?

FAQ

The different kinds of loads that can act on beams are - Point load,
Uniformly distributed load [UDL], and Uniformly varying load [UVL]

What are different kinds of supports that can act on a beam?

FAQ

The different kinds of supports that can act on beams are - Hinged support,
Roller supports, and Fixed supports.

What is Shear Force Diagram (SFD)?

FAQ

Shear force is an internal force that is induced in a beam when loads are
applied to that beam. Shear force is defined as the algebraic sum of loads
to the left or right of a point such that addition of these forces restores
vertical equilibrium.
A Shear Fore Diagram (SFD) is a diagram that shows the variation in shear
force along the length of a beam.

What is Bending Moment Diagram (BMD)?

FAQ

Bending moment is an internal force that is induced in a beam when loads

are applied to that beam. Bending moment is defined as the sum of all
moments due to external forces at one side of a section of beam. Bending
moment at a point, say A, is determined by multipling the external force
with the distance between point A and the point at which the force is acting.
A Bending Moment Diagram (BMD) is a diagram that shows the variation in
bending moment along the length of a beam.

What is the Point of Contraflexure?

FAQ

Point of Contraflexure is the point in a bending beam where the bending moment is zero, i.e.
it the point where the bending moment changes its sign from positive to negative or vice
versa.
In a bending moment diagram, the point of Contraflexure is the point at which the bending
moment curve intersects with the zero line.
What is the Point of Maximum Bending Moment?
FAQ

Point of maximum bending moment is the point in a shear force diagram where the shear
force curve crosses over the zero line. The value of the bending moment is maximum at this
point.

What is Macaulay's method?

FAQ

Macaulay's method is a method to find the deflections in a beam that is subject to point loads
and discontinuous loads.

Cylinders And Spheres

Following are some frequently asked questions in Cylinders And Spheres

How are cylinders classified?

FAQ

For the purposes for analysing the strength of cylinders - cylinders are
broadly classified and thin cylinders and thick cylinders.

What are the different kinds of stress that act on cylinders?

FAQ

There are two kinds of stresses that act on cylinders - circumferential

stresses and longitudional stresses.

How are spheres classified?

FAQ

For the purposes for analysing the strength of spheres - spheres are
broadly classified and thin cylinders and thick cylinders.

What are the different kinds of stress that act on spheres?

FAQ

Spheres are subjected to circumferential stress.

How do you define the efficiency of joints in cylinders?

FAQ

Efficiency of joints is defined as the ratio of theoritical stress to actual

stress.
theoritical
Efficiency [η] = stress
actual stress

Springs
Following are some frequently asked questions in Springs

What are different kinds of springs?

FAQ

There are three different kinds of springs.

1. Closed coil helical springs - Helical springs, in which wire is wrapped in a coil, are the
most common springs. Closed coil helical springs can be designed to push, pull, or carry
loads.
Equivalent springs - Equvalent springs are springs that replace combinations of springs -
which can be springs in parallel, or springs in series.
Laminated springs - Laminated springs are semi elliptical springs, also known as leaf
springs.

What are different kinds of loads that act on helical springs?

FAQ

A closed coil helical spring can be subjected to two kinds of loads - Axial loads and Axial
twists.

What are equivalent springs?

FAQ

Equivalent springs are springs that replace combination springs. There are two kinds of
combination springs - springs in series, and springs in parallel.

What are laminated springs commonly used for?

FAQ

Laminated springs, also know as semi elliptical springs and leaf springs, are commonly used
for the suspension in wheeled vehicles.

Shafts
Following are some frequently asked questions in Shafts

What are shafts?

FAQ

Shafts are mechanical components used for transmitting power through their rotational
motion. Shafts are usually circular is in cross-section, and are subjected to torsional shear
stresses within this cross-section.
How do you measure the strength of shafts?
FAQ

Strength of shafts are measured by the maximum torque or power transmitted by the shaft.

How do you define the power of shafts?

FAQ

Power of shaft is defined as the rotational work done per second. Rotational power is the
product of torque and angular velocity.

What is torsional rigidity?

FAQ

The minimum force required to deform a shaft by twisting through a nunit dimension is
called torsional rigidity.

Columns And Struts

Following are some frequently asked questions in Columns And Struts

What are columns and struts?

FAQ

What is Euler's theory?

FAQ
What are the different ways in which columns are held?
FAQ

What is crippling load?

FAQ