Republic of the Philippines

Santiago National High School

Santiago, Agusan del Norte, Philippines

MATH IX – ADVANCED ALGEBRA

DETAILED LESSON PLAN
(Explicit Teaching)

I. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the session, 100% of the students should be able to:
i. Define the Law of Cosines and determine its formulas
ii. Solve for the values of the missing parts of the an oblique triangle using the Law of Cosines; and
iii. Value listening to the discussion as well as reviewing the lesson for a quiz.

II. SUBJECT MATTER: The Law of Cosines and Its Application

Reference: Mathematics Learner’s Material 9, Pages 497-503
Teaching Materials: Scientific Calculator, Visual Aids

III. PROCEDURE
Teacher’s Activity Students’ Activity
A. Routine
Good morning class!
Good morning Ma’am!
How’s your day so far?
(Different responses)
Great!

I request everyone to please stand and be in a

manner of prayer. We’ll pray first before we start
our discussion.
Yes Ma’am!
In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the
Holy Spirit…Amen.

Before you take your seats, kindly make your

column and row straight. And clear your areas in 7
seconds.
(Everybody is participating)
Please take your seats.

Is everybody present today?

Very good!
Yes Ma’am!
What was the lesson you had yesterday?
(Student A responses)
B. Activity
55˚
I have here two triangles:

35˚
1)
 Republic of the Philippines
Santiago National High School
Santiago, Agusan del Norte, Philippines

2)

What kind of Triangle is Figure A?

Right Triangle
What does it make a right triangle?
Because of its one right angle.
Correct! Very good!

How about Figure B?

Oblique Triangle
Very good!

Based on the given angles, how do you define

Oblique Triangle?
An oblique triangle is a triangle with no right
angle.

It has either three acute angles, or one obtuse

angle and two acute angles.

Absolutely!

Now, say, we have the values of the two sides of

the right triangle: a= 2 and b= 3, and you are asked

 Republic of the Philippines
Santiago National High School
Santiago, Agusan del Norte, Philippines

to solve for side c , what principle are you going to

apply then?
Pythagorean Theorem
Correct!
What does the Pythagorean Theorem state?
Pythagorean Theorem states that the square of
the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the square of
the other two sides.

In Mathematical Symbol,

2 2 2
c =a + b
Very good!

Are we now able to solve for the value of side c ?

Yes Ma’am!

To solve for the side c, the hypotenuse,

2 2 2
c =a + b
2 2 2
c =(2) +(3)
2
c =4+ 9
2
c =13
We now have the values of all parts of the given c= √ 13
right triangle.

A. Analysis
And now, for the oblique triangle below, with the
given values of the other parts, can we apply the
principle of Pythagorean Theorem to solve for the
value of side c ?

No. Because Oblique Triangles are not right

triangles, and Pythagorean Theorem is designed
only for right triangles.

Exactly!
 Republic of the Philippines
Santiago National High School
Santiago, Agusan del Norte, Philippines

Thus, we have the Law of Sines and Cosines which

was designed to solve any oblique triangle problem.

Since this topic covers a wide derivation and

explanation, we’ll first go through the Law of
Cosines.

What does the Law of Cosines state?

Mathematical phrase:
The square of the length of one side is equal to the
sum of the squares of the other two sides minus the
product of twice the two sides and the cosine of the
angle between them.

In symbol,
2 2 2
a =b +c −2 bc ( cos A )

Remember that we have 3 sides. We only used side

a. Now, who can translate the concept into symbol
if our one side is b? c?

Student B writes:
2 2 2
b =a +c −2 ac (cosB)
Student C writes:
Excellent! 2 2 2
c =a + b −2 ab (cosC )

Now, among the formulas, which one is applicable

for this problem?

2 2 2
c =a + b −2 ab (cosC )
 Republic of the Philippines
Santiago National High School
Santiago, Agusan del Norte, Philippines

Very good!
Now let us solve for the value of side c.

2 2 2
c =a + b −2 ab (cosC )
2 2 2
c =4 +3 −2(4)( 3)( cos 56 ˚ )
2
c =16+ 9−24 (0.55919)
2
c =25−13.42056
2
c =11.57944
c= √ 11.57944
c=3.40286

There are only two cases in which the Law of

Cosines can be applied and these are:
SAS – two sides and the included angle are known;
SSS – three sides are known.

B. Abstraction
1) TRUE/FALSE. A Right Triangle can somehow
be an oblique in any case.
2) TRUE/FALSE. Angles for an Oblique Triangle
can be all 3 acute angles.
3) TRUE/FALSE. Angles for an Oblique Triangle
can be 1 acute angle and 2 obtuse angles.
4) What are the 2 cases of the Law of Cosines?
What are their uses?
5) TRUE/FALSE. The total sum of the angles of
any triangle is always 180 degrees.

C. Application
Now, I want you to find a pair, sit beside your pair,
and in 5 minutes, solve for what is asked below.

3 sides are given. Solve for the value of ∠ A .

 Republic of the Philippines
Santiago National High School
Santiago, Agusan del Norte, Philippines

Who’d like to try on the board?

Student E writes:

2 2 2
a =b +c −2 bc (cos A)
2 2 2
4 =6 + 9 −2(6)( 9)(cos A)
16=36+81−108(cos A)
16=117−108(cos A )
16−117=−108(cos A )
−101=−108 (cos A)
−101 −108(cos A)
=
−108 −108
0.9351=cos A
A=20.75 ˚

Excellent!
Do you have any questions?
None so far.

D. Evaluation
Apply the Law of Cosines in solving the oblique
triangles below.
Solution Prob.1
1. side c (2 points) 2 2 2
c =a + b −2 ab (cosC )
2. ∠ A (3 points) 2 2 2
3. ∠ B (2 points) c =4 +6 −2(4 )(6)(cos 89 ˚ )
2
c =16+ 36−48(0.0175)
2
c =52−0.84
2
c= ? c =51.16
a= 4 c= √51.16
c=7.1526
b= 6 Solution Prob.2
2 2 2
a =b +c −2 bc ( cos A )
4. Find the measure of the smallest angle. 2 2 2
(3 points) 4 =6 + 7.15 −2(6)(7.15) ( cos A )
16=36+51.1225−85.8 ( cos A )
c= 7 16=87.1225−85.8 ( cos A )
a= 3
16−87.1225=−85.8 ( cos A )
−71.1225=−85.8 ( cos A )
b= 5 −71.1225 −85(cos A)
=
−85 −85
0.8367=cos A
A=33.21˚
 Republic of the Philippines
Santiago National High School
Santiago, Agusan del Norte, Philippines

Solution Prob. 3
By the concept of the Sum of the Interior Angles
of a Triangle:
∠ A+∠ B+∠ C=180°
33.21 ˚ +∠ B+ 89 ˚=180 ˚
∠ B=57.79 ˚

Solution Prob. 4
The smallest angle is ∠ A .
a 2=b2 +c 2−2 bc ( cos A )
2 2 2
3 =5 +7 −2(5)(7) ( cos A )
9=25+ 49−70 ( cos A )
9=74−70 ( cos A )
9−74=−70 ( cos A )
−65=−70 ( cos A )
−65 −70(cos A)
=
−70 −70
0.9286=cos A
A=21.78 ˚

E. Assignment
Design your own oblique triangle and assign
values for sides a, b, and c. Then, solve for
the values of the angles A, B, and C.

Note: The same constructed problems will

not be accepted.

A detailed lesson plan prepared by:

DAISYBIEL E. CANGMAONG
Junior High School Teacher
 Republic of the Philippines
Santiago National High School
Santiago, Agusan del Norte, Philippines