Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula

11 Zest for Progress

Z P

1
eal of artnership

4th QUARTER – Module 1:

INTEGRATION

Name of Learner: ___________________________

Grade & Section: ___________________________
Name of School: ___________________________
Mathematics – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 - Module 1: Integration
First Edition, 2020
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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Armiña M. Alipon
Editors: Ronie F. Fidel, Ph. D.
Shirhan A. Biottong
Mercedita B. Tarog
Reviewers: EPS, Mathematics Vilma A. Brown, Ed. D.
Senior High School Teacher Deborah E. Bandahala, Ed. D.
Management Team: SDS Roy C. Tuballa, EMD, JD, CESO VI
ASDS Jay S. Montealto, CESO VI
ASDS Norma T. Francisco, DM, CESE
EPS Mathematics Vilma A. Brown, Ed. D.
EPS LRMS Aida F. Coyme, Ed. D.

Printed in the Philippines

Department of Education – Region IX, Zamboanga Peninsula
Office Address: Tiguma, Airport Road, Pagadian City
Telefax: (062) – 215 – 3751; 991 – 5975
E-mail Address: region9@deped.gov.ph

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Introductory Message
This Self – Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue
your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and
discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as you
discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell
you if you can proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your
teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you
need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each
activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, notes to the Teacher are also provided to our
facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your
home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use
a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. Read the instructions carefully
before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this
module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.

What I Need to Know

This module introduces the inverse of differentiation called antidifferentiation.

For instance, we can use differential calculus to determine the velocity of a car as
function of time if given the position of a car as a function of time. Integral Calculus will
allow us to determine the position of a car as a function of time if given the velocity of
the car as a function of time.

After going through this module, you are expected to illustrate the antiderivative
of a function. (STEM_BC11I-IVa-1)

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 What I Know
Directions: Read the following questions carefully. Write the letter that corresponds
to your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following is the antiderivative of 𝑓(𝑥 ) = −5𝑥?

5𝑥 2 5𝑥 2
a. 𝐹 (𝑥 ) = − +𝐶 c. 𝐹 (𝑥 ) = − +𝐶
3 2
5𝑥 2 5𝑥 2
b. 𝐹 (𝑥 ) = +𝐶 d. 𝐹 (𝑥 ) = +𝐶
2 3

2. Which of the following is the antiderivative of 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 ?

𝑥4 5𝑥 3 𝑥3 5𝑥 3
a. 𝐹 (𝑥 ) = + +𝐶 c. 𝐹 (𝑥 ) = + +𝐶
4 3 3 4
𝑥4 5𝑥 3 𝑥4 5𝑥 2
b. 𝐹 (𝑥 ) = − +𝐶 d. 𝐹 (𝑥 ) = − +𝐶
4 3 4 3

3. Which of the following is the antiderivative of 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 7 cos 𝑥 + 4𝑒 𝑥 ?

a. 𝐹 (𝑥 ) = −7 sin x +4𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶 c. 𝐹 (𝑥 ) = 7 cos x +4𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶
b. 𝐹 (𝑥 ) = 7 sin x −4𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶 d. 𝐹 (𝑥 ) = 7 sin x +4𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶

4. Which of the following is the antiderivative of 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = tan 𝑥?

a. sec x + tan 𝑥 + 𝐶 c. ln |csc 𝑥 | + 𝐶
b. csc x + cot 𝑥 + 𝐶 d. − ln|cos 𝑥 | + 𝐶

5. Which of the following is the antiderivative of 𝑓(𝑥 ) = sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥?

a. 𝐹 (𝑥 ) = cos 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 + tan 𝑥 + 𝐶
b. 𝐹 (𝑥 ) = − cos 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 − tan 𝑥 + 𝐶
c. 𝐹 (𝑥 ) = − cos 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 tan 𝑥 + 𝐶
d. 𝐹 (𝑥 ) = cos 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 + tan 𝑥 + 𝐶

What’s In
Directions: Match the functions in Column A with their corresponding derivatives in
Column B.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
3 2 a. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 + 2
1. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 𝑥
3 2
2. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 b. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1
3. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 3 + 1 c. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 4𝑥 3 + 9𝑥 2
4. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 + 2 d. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 4𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2
5. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 e. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 1

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 What’s New

Every differentiation problem gives rise to an antiderivative problem. The

activity below shows antideffirentiation as a reverse process of differentiation.

ACTIVITY 1 FIND ME!

Directions: Find the derivatives of each function.
1 3 1
1. 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2. 𝑦 = 5𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 + 6 3. 𝑦 = 12𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 4 − 𝑥 4

Examine the relationship between each problem and its answer. Could you
work backward to find the “Antiderivative” of each function?

QUESTIONS:
1. Find the antiderivative of 3𝑥 2 + 2?
2. How do you find the antiderivative of a given function?

What is It
DEFINITION 1
A function 𝐹 is an antiderivative of the function 𝑓 on an interval 𝐼 if and only if
𝐹 ′(𝑥 ) = 𝑓 (𝑥 ) for every value of 𝑥 in 𝐼.

Example 1. The antiderivative of 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 12𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 is 𝐹 (𝑥 ) = 4𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 . As we can

see, the derivative of 𝐹 is given by 𝐹 ′(𝑥 ) = 12𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 = 𝑓 (𝑥 ).

Example 2. The antiderivative of 𝑔(𝑥 ) = cos 𝑥 is 𝐺 (𝑥 ) = sin 𝑥 because

𝐺 ′(𝑥 ) = cos 𝑥 = 𝑔(𝑥 ).

REMARK 1
The antiderivative 𝐹 of a function 𝑓 is NOT unique.

THEOREM 1
If 𝐹 is an antiderivative of 𝑓 on an interval, then every antiderivative of 𝑓 on 𝐼 is
given by 𝐹 (𝑥 ) + 𝐶, where 𝐶 is arbitrary constant.

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Example 3. Other antiderivatives of 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 12𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 are 𝐹1 (𝑥 ) = 4𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 1 and
𝐹2 (𝑥 ) = 4𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 1. In fact, any function of the for 𝐹 (𝑥 ) = 4𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 𝐶,
where 𝐶 ∈ ℝ is an antiderivative of 𝑓 (𝑥 ). Observe that,
𝐹 ′(𝑥 ) = 12𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 𝟢 = 12𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 = 𝑓 (𝑥 ).

Example 4. Other antiderivatives of 𝑔(𝑥 ) = cos 𝑥 are 𝐺1 (𝑥 ) = sin 𝑥 + 𝜋 and

𝐺1 (𝑥 ) = sin 𝑥 − 𝜋. In fact, any function 𝐺 (𝑥 ) = sin 𝑥 + 𝐶 , where 𝐶 ∈ ℝ is
an antiderivative of 𝑔(𝑥 ).

REMARK 2
Using the theorem above, we can conclude that if 𝐹1 and 𝐹2 are antiderivatives of 𝑓,
then 𝐹2 (𝑥 ) = 𝐹1 (𝑥 ) + 𝐶. That is, 𝐹1 and 𝐹2 differ only by a constant.

Terminologies and Notations

▪ Antidifferentiation is the process of finding the antiderivative.
▪ The symbol ʃ , is also called the integral sign, denotes the operation of
antidifferentiation.
▪ The function 𝑓 is called the integrand.
▪ If 𝐹 is an antiderivative of 𝑓, we write ʃ 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒅𝒙 = 𝑭(𝒙) + 𝑪.
▪ The symbol ʃ and 𝒅𝒙 go hand‫־‬hand and 𝒅𝒙 helps us identify the variable of
integration.
▪ The expression 𝑭(𝒙) + 𝑪 is called the general antiderivative of 𝒇. Meanwhile,
each antiderivative of 𝑓 is called a particular antiderivative of 𝒇.

DEFINITION 2
If 𝑓 is a function and 𝐹 is any antiderivative of 𝑓, we write
ʃ 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝐹 (𝑥) + 𝐶 , (𝐶, arbitrary constant)
and call it the indefinite integral of 𝑓.
Example 5. The antiderivative of 2𝑥 is 𝑥 2 plus an arbitrary constant 𝐶 written as
ʃ 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 𝐶.
Saying that 𝐶 is an “arbitrary” constant, is saying that it can be any real
number. Thus,
ʃ 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1
can be equal to 𝑥 2 + 𝟢 , 𝑥 2 + 1, 𝑥 2 + 2 , .., 𝑥 2 + any number.

Example 6. ʃ cos 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = sin 𝑡 + 𝐶

Example 7. ʃ 𝑒 𝑧 𝑑𝑧 = 𝑒 𝑧 + 𝐶
1
Example 8. ʃ 1+𝑥2 𝑑𝑥 = arctan 𝑥 + 𝐶

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 REMARK 3
Antidifferentiation reverses differentiation so ʃ 𝑭′ (𝒙) 𝒅𝒙 = 𝑭(𝒙) + 𝑪 , and
𝒅
differentiation undoes antidifferentiation 𝒅𝒙 ሾʃ𝒇(𝒙) 𝒅𝒙ሿ = 𝒇(𝒙).

Differentiation and antidifferentiation are reverse processes, so each derivative

rule has a corresponding antidifferentiation rule.

Differentiation Antidifferentiation
𝑑
𝑑𝑥
(𝑐 ) = 0 ʃ 0 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑐
𝑑
𝑑𝑥
(𝑘𝑥 ) = 𝑘 ʃ 𝑘𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑘𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑑 𝑛+1

𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 𝑛 ) = 𝑛𝑥 𝑥−1 ʃ 𝑥 𝑛 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥𝑛+1 + 𝑐, 𝑛 ≠ −1
𝑑 1
𝑑𝑥
(ln|𝑥 |) =
𝑥
ʃ 𝑥 −1 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 1𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ln|𝑥| + 𝑐
𝑑
𝑑𝑥
(sin 𝑥 ) = cos 𝑥 ʃ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = sin 𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑑
𝑑𝑥
(cos 𝑥 ) = −sin 𝑥 ʃ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −cos 𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑑
𝑑𝑥
(tan 𝑥 ) = sec2 𝑥 ʃ𝑠𝑒𝑐2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = tan 𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑑
𝑑𝑥
(sec 𝑥 ) = sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 ʃ𝑠ec x tan x 𝑑𝑥 = sec 𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑑
𝑑𝑥
(𝑒 𝑥 ) = 𝑒 𝑥 ʃ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑑 1 1
𝑑𝑥
(arcsin 𝑥 ) =
√1−𝑥 2
ʃ √1−𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥 = arcsin 𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑑 1 1
𝑑𝑥
(arctan 𝑥 ) =
1+𝑥 2
ʃ 1+𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = arctan 𝑥 + 𝑐

When 𝑎𝑥 is used instead of 𝑥 in some of the functions, we need to multiply by

𝑎 when taking the derivative and we have to divide by 𝑎 when taking the antiderivative.

Differentiation Antidifferentiation
𝑑
𝑑𝑥
(𝑒 𝑎𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑒 𝑎𝑥 ʃ 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎1 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑑 1
𝑑𝑥
(sin 𝑎𝑥 ) = 𝑎 cos 𝑎𝑥 ʃ cos 𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎 sin 𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑑 1
𝑑𝑥
(tan 𝑎𝑥 ) = 𝑎 sec2 𝑎𝑥 ʃ𝑠𝑒𝑐2 𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎 tan 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑑 𝑥 1
𝑑𝑥
(arcsin (𝑎)) =
√𝑎2 −𝑥 2
ʃ √𝑎21−𝑥2 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 = arcsin (𝑎) + 𝑐
𝑑 𝑥 𝑎 1 1 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
(arctan 𝑎) = 𝑎2 +𝑥2 ʃ 𝑎2+𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎 arctan (𝑎) + 𝑐

1
Example 9. ∫ cos(4𝑡) 𝑑𝑡 = 4 sin(4𝑡) + 𝐶

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 1 1 𝑥
Example 1𝟢. ʃ 16+𝑥2 𝑑𝑥 = 4 arctan 4 + 𝐶

What’s More
Directions: Match the functions in Column A with their corresponding antiderivatives
in Column B.

Column A Column B
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 a. 𝐹(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 9𝑥 2 + 3 b. 𝐹(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑥
3. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 c. 𝐹(𝑥) = 𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 3 + 1
4. 𝑓(𝑥) = 9𝑥 2 − 3 d. 𝐹(𝑥) = 𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 + 2
5. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 2 e. 𝐹(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1
6. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 2 f. 𝐹(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1
7. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 1 g. 𝐹(𝑥) = 3𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 + 1
8. 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 3 + 9𝑥 2 h. 𝐹(𝑥) = 3𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 + 1
i. 𝐹(𝑥) = 3𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 + 2

What I Have Learned

• The antiderivative 𝐹 of a function 𝑓 is not unique. The lim 𝑓(𝑥) is not necessarily
𝑥→𝑎
the same as 𝑓(𝑎).
• The indefinite integral of 𝑓 is often called the most general antiderivative of
𝑓.
• If 𝐹 is antiderivative of 𝑓, we write ∫ 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝐹(𝑥) + 𝐶
• Two antiderivatives differ by constant. If 𝐹 is any antiderivative of 𝑓. then every
antiderivative of 𝑓 is of the form 𝐹 (𝑥 ) + 𝐶.

What I Can Do
Directions: Solve the problem below.

1. Find the function 𝑓 given that 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 2𝑥 and 𝑓(2) = 5.

Is the function 𝑓 unique? Why?

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 Assessment
Directions: Read and understand each statement. Choose the letter of the correct
answer and write it on your answer sheet.

1. Which operation is used in antidifferentiation?

a. ∫ b. 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 c. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) d. 𝑑𝑥

2. The expression 𝐹 (𝑥 ) + 𝐶 is called the___________.

a. Integration c. General antiderivative
b. Integrand d. Integral sign

3. In the expression ∫ 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 , the function 𝑓 is called_________.

a. Integration c. General antiderivative
b. Integrand d. Integral sign

4. Antidifferentiation refers to _____________.

a. Integral c. definite integral
b. Integrand sign d. indefinite integral

For items 5˗1𝟢, determine the antiderivative of the function given.

5. 8𝑥
a. 4𝑥 2 + 𝐶 b. 𝑥 2 + 𝐶 c. 4𝑥 + 𝐶 d. −𝑥 2 + 𝐶

6. 7𝑥 6
a. 𝑥 6 b. 𝑥 7 c. 𝑥 + 𝑐 d. 𝑥 7 + 𝐶

7. 𝑒 𝑥
a. 2𝑒 𝑥 b. 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶 c. 2𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶 d. 2𝑒 + 𝐶

8. 4 cos 𝑥
1
a. 4 cos 𝑥 + 𝐶 b. −4 sin 𝑥 + 𝐶 c. − 4 cos 4𝑥 + 𝐶 d. sin(4𝑥 + 𝐶 )

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9. 1+𝑥2
a. arctan(𝑥 ) + 𝐶 c. 6 arctan(𝑥 ) + 𝐶
b. 2arctan(𝑥 ) + 𝐶 d. arctan(6𝑥 ) + 𝐶

10. sin 4𝑥
1 1
a. − 4 cos 4𝑥 + 𝐶 b. 4 cos 4𝑥 + 𝐶 c. 4 cos 4𝑥 + 𝐶 d. sin(4𝑥 + 𝐶 )