HUMAN BEHAVIOUR

Ms. Maryam Shakeel

 • CHAP 3
• LEARNING
LEARNING:

• The process of learning is continuous which starts right

from the time of birth of an individual and continues till
the death.

• According to E.A, Peel, Learning can be described as a

change in the individual which takes place as a result of
the environmental change
• A change in behavior as a result of experience or practice.
• Knowledge gained through study.
• To gain knowledge of, or skill, something through study,
teaching or experience.
• A process by which behavior is changed.
NATURE OR CHARACTERISTICS OF
LEARNING:
• Learning is the change in behavior.
• Learning is a continuous life long process.
• Learning is a universal process.
• Learning is the product of activity & environment.
• Learning is transferable from one situation to another.
Types of Learning:

• Motor Learning: Our day to day activities like walking,

running, driving, etc, must be learnt for ensuring a good
life. These activities to a great extent involve muscular
coordination.

• Verbal Learning: It is related with the language which we

use to communicate and various other forms of verbal
communication such as symbols, words, languages,
sounds, figures and signs.
• Concept Learning: This form of learning is associated
with higher order cognitive processes like intelligence,
thinking, reasoning, etc, which we learn right from our
childhood. Concept learning involves the processes of
abstraction and generalization, which is very useful for
identifying or recognizing things.
• Discrimination Learning: Learning which distinguishes
between various stimuli with its appropriate and different
responses is regarded as discrimination stimuli.
• Learning of Principles: Learning which is based on
principles helps in managing the work most effectively.
Principles based learning explains the relationship
between various concepts.
• Attitude Learning: Attitude shapes our behaviour to a very
great extent, as our positive or negative behaviour is
based on our attitudinal predisposition.
FACTORS OF LEARNING:

• 1) Readiness: It is the basic thing in the process of

learning. If a person is not ready for learning, he cannot
learn properly. In every individual readiness is different
beacuse of individual difference. Physical, mental,
emotion & social development of an individual are
responsible for th eindividual differences in readiness.
2) Goal: the most important factor of learening is its goal. If
students does not know the aim of learning a thing, he
cannot learn it. Therefore, before teaching students must
be aware of the goal.
• 3) Motivation:
• It plays an important role in the process of learning. The
first thing is pointing out the objectives and purpose.
Then the students should be motivated by others.
• Rewards and punishment plays an important role in
motivating any person.
• 4) Interest:
• If a student or learner is interesrting in learning new
things, he learns very properly.
• Lack of interest makes the learning useless. Therefore,
for effective and useful learning should be interest on the
part of learners.
• 5) Attention:
• It plays an important role in the process of learning.
• No learning is possible without attention.
• Lack of attention badly effects the process of learning.
• 6) Family Background:
Family background has also great effect on the learning
process.
Mostly economically strong students take great interest in
learning and poor students does not do so beacuse they
are sitting in the class and think for their future.
• 7) Environment:
• It also plays an important role in the process of learning.
If the environment is favourable the learning process is
favourable, if it is not favourable it will destroy the
process of learning. Therefore, a pleasant and friendly
environment should be created.