Interlingual Subtitling Strategies of Satirical Expression as Found from The

Victorious TV Series
(An Analysis of English Indonesia Subtitling of The Victorious 2010-2013)

CHAPTER I
A. Background of Study
In this era of globalization and digitalization, the media is considered as one of the
ultimate tool in entertainment and education. The society has expanded the invasion
information, knowledge and entertainment in multimedia in the form of films, videos, songs
and TV programs that have native language and culture, especially western society.

Sitcom is one of the mass communication media that has a considerable influence on
the audience. Sitcom is short for "Situation Comedi". It's a funny TV show with a realistic
setting, like an apartment full of quirky roommates or a restaurant where the cast of
characters used to crack jokes from week to week. Sitcoms are also considered as a powerful
medium of communication to the target audience, because of their audio-visual nature.
Sitcoms originated from radio, but today they are mostly found on television as one of the
dominant narrative forms.

The entertainment industry not only produces good quality films, but also faces
translation problems because only a small part of the world's population understands English.
Translator is important to solve translation problems. Translator is a person who translates
written messages from one language to another. Translating is not an easy thing to do. When
translators translate text, they have some rules. They not only transfer ideas from the source
language to the target language but they also have to make an equivalent translation from
English to Indonesian because they have different systems and structures, as a result, a
growing need to find a suitable screen translation approach (Audiovisual Translation ) .

Audiovisual translation (AVT) is a new field in translation studies that about

translation in electronic media. The most prominent type of audiovisual translation (AVT) is
dubbing and subtitle. According to O'Connell (2007), subtitles are defined as the result of
adding the original sound soundtrack by adding text written on the screen, while dubbing is
the result of replacing original voice soundtrack with other voices in other languages.
Another words, dubbing is a technique of covering the original sound with other sounds in
audiovisual production using different languages. Subtitles, on the other hand, is a technique
in which the original dialogue of the source language (SL) is transferred to the target
language (TL) which usually appears at the bottom screen where actions and dialogs are
synchronized. However, movies the production company prefers subtitles over dubbing
because of the cost of dubbing more money in the production process compared to subtitles
(Diaz, 2009).

One way of translating foreign films and television programs is subtitles. Subtitles are
textual versions of dialogue that are not only in the film but also in television programs.
Subtitles are very important in movies, because subtitles have contributed a lot. They are
usually shown on the bottom of the screen. Through subtitles, foreign film audiences can
enjoy the movie by reading the subtitles at the bottom of the screen without ambiguous
thinking. One might say that subtitles are more authentic, because they are do not hide the
original voice. As the main method of translating films, subtitles involves little interference
with the original. Therefore, contribute to experiencing the taste of a foreign language.
Subtitles are the way to translate foreign films without destroying the original soundtrack and
dialogue as in the dubbing.

Spoken Language also allows humans to use certain language styles, both literally and
verbally figure of speech. Contrast with literal figurative language allows the speaker to play
with the language used so that the utterance has meaning beyond what is said. There are
several types of figurative language, namely metaphor, irony, satire, sarcasm, simile, analogy
commonly used in everyday communication.

Every human can express his thought or feeling through with language. Language and
humans are two things that cannot be separated because both develop together. Without
language it is difficult for humans to communicate with each other.

Language for humans is a tool to express ideas,feeling, thoughts, and the desire to
express opinions and information. Besides that Language is an organized system of symbols
used to communicate express and receive intent or messages.

Language has characteristics that used as distinctive forms communication. There are
several characteristics as follows; (1) systematic, this means that language is a way of
combining sounds, regular, standard, and consistent writing (2) arbitrator, this mean that
every languages have different words in giving symbols to numbers certain (3) flexible,
meaning that language can change according to development Ages (4) diverse, this mean
every human being has a variety of speech utterances and ways (5) complex, meaning that a
person's thinking ability will increase their language skills to convey ideas, information, and
so on.

Language is one of the most important aspects of culture. Aspect The most important
thing is the cultural norms that carry behavior language of its members. For example, about
what is good and what is bad and what is polite or not polite in language. In other words, the
culture of speech communities is reflected in their linguistic values.

Satire is the art of making someone or something look ridiculous, raising laughter in
order to embarrass, humble, or discredit its targets. As a literary genre, satire is one of the
oldest: the term was coined by the classical rhetorician Quintillian, who used the root of the
Latin word “satura,” which means “full,” and was familiar to many Romans from the phrase
lanx satura, which described a medley of fruits and apparently conveyed the miscellaneous
quality of early satire. Eventually, more specific kinds of satire became associated with the
works of three different Roman authors, whose names are still invoked to describe the
varieties of satire they established (Evan Gottlieb, 2019).

There are many forms of language style in life, such as in advertisements, poetry,
novels, theater, songs, films and so on. In TV series there are also forms of figurative
language, variations of the language style can be found in speech or conversation. The
conversations in sitcom contain many variations language style, especially satire, which
seems little bit rude but has a certain meaning as an affirmation or a statement or meaning
other.

To find out the meaning of the satire language used by the TV series players, the
audience is made easy with the subtitles in it.

Traditionally, there are two types of subtitles, there is interlingual subtitle, which
implies a transfer from the source language (SL) to the target language (TL), and intralingual
subtitles, there is no language change (Diaz, 2003). In interlanguage translation, a translator
can apply several strategies in translate source language (SL) subtitles into target language
(TL). According to Gottlieb (1992: 166) subtitle strategies that can be applied are expansion,
paraphrasing, transfer, imitation, transcription, dislocation, condensation, depletion, deletion,
and resignation.

Translation not only based on books, but also in literary works which are developing
today. One of the translation results that can be seen from sitcom / TV Series that subtitles
have been given to make it easier to understand the meaning of them. Another problem that
may arise is about the subtitle strategy used by translator to translate the language used. To
solve the problem of misinterpretation, subtitle tries to transfer the message from the
movie dialogue. Besides that, translators must pay attention to language variations.

There are many TV Series that include subtitles from other countries can watched by
the Indonesian people. One of them is a TV series entitled 'Victorious'. Victorious is an
American sitcom created by Dan Schneider that originally aired on Nickelodeon from March
27, 2010, to February 2, 2013. The series revolves around an aspiring singer Tori Vega
played by Victoria Justice, who attends a high school art performance called Hollywood.
Arts, while getting into a crazy situation on a daily basis. This series has won several awards
as the most favorite TV show in Academy Awards for 3 consecutive years. In terms of that
commercial success, Victorioushas earned the highest revenue among all TV shows in that
year.

Briefly, the researcher took this series as the object of research to be observed the
interlingual subtitling strategies of satirical which consist in the series.

B. Limitation of The Study

Among the problematic factors involved in subtitling, this study will concentrates
mainly on the subtitling strategy in Indonesian subtitles Victorious Series from English
version to Indonesian version and legibility translated subtitles. This research also only
focuses on the analysis of the satirical language used in subtitles, especially in subtitling
(script text) for concealing types and the dominant strategy used in Victorious Series related
to the subtitling strategy in satirical language used with Gottlieb's theory and Mattew
Hodwart's theory.

C. Formulation of The Problems

1. What are the subtitle strategies applied in the American Series of Victorious?
2. What are the characteristics of satire that appearing in Victorious series ?
3. What are the techiniques of satire that appearing in Victorious series?
4. What is the structure of satire that appearing in Victorious series?
D. Objectives of The Study
1. To describe the subtitle strategy in the Victorious Series.
2. To explain of the characteristics of satirical as found in Victorious series
 3. To explain of techiniques of satirical as found in Victorious series.
4. To explain of structure of satirical as found in Victorious series.
E. Benefit of The Study
1. Theoretical benefits
The research finding hopefully will give a contribution to those people who want to
study English translation especially focusing on the subtitling field. It is hoped that it
can contribute to the world of literature, especially in translation. This research is
also expected to be a reference or facilitation for further literature studies related to
this matter. This research is also expected to be studied by students, lecturers, or
other parties who are interested in the film.

2. Practical benefits
It is hoped that this research can be used as a reference for students who are
interested in/analyzes this series or even other series, it can also be used by
lecturers who use research as a teaching support source, and it is hoped that this
research can be used for other people who like series to understand tv series in
detail. In depth as reading material, or even life references, this research talks about
the story of a slang teenager who is set in a music school with the characteristics of
the everyday language they use. So that we know the meaning of the language used,
especially the discussion on the satirical sentence.
F. Definition of Key Terms
Subtitling
Subtitling is a type of translation, especially in the audiovisual field which includes
dubbing, dubbing and audio descriptions. In other words, the audiovisual language of
a TV program or film is transferred to certain forms so that it can be understood by
the target audience who are not familiar with the source language (Bilal, 2016).
Translation
Translation is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that
the author intended the text (Newmark, 1988)
Satire
Satire is a sort of glass, wherein beholders do generally discover everybody’s face but their
own; which is the chief reason for that kind of reception it meets in the world, and that so
very few are offended with it (Jonthan, 2019).
Victorious
Victorious is a teen music sitcom created by Dan Schneider, which aired on
Nickelodeon from 2010–13.