Beckham Hiatt

ISM

Mrs. Allen

14 May 2024

Annotated Bibliography

Gayer, Paul. “An Introduction to Cathodic Protection Inspection and Testing.” CED

Engineering, CED Engineering, Jan. 2014, www.cedengineering.com/userfiles/An

Introduction to Cathodic Protection Inspection and Testing R1.pdf.

Summary: Cathodic protection utilizes an anode and a cathode and is one of the grand

fundamentals to understanding corrosion protection. The testing of cathodic protection

can revolve on either an impressed current system or galvanic system. The voltage

necessary is .85 voltage on the anodes for a stable system.

Credibility: This source is credible because it is a published paper by CED Engineering which

allows students graduate with engineering degrees. Cathodic protection is relevant to engineering

and the author is an accredited mechanical and civil engineer.

Reflection: I used this source when researching how exactly cathodic protection worked so I

could learn how exactly it works. I also needed to understand how the testing functioned and the

requirements as well as incorporating some of the facts into my proposal.

Hoag, Dan. “Underground Storage Tanks vs Aboveground Storage Tanks.” CommTank, 21

Dec. 2023, www.commtank.com/tank-articles/underground-storage-tanks-vs-

aboveground-storage-tanks/.

Summary: Underground storage tanks vary from above ground tanks obviously due to the

elevation as well as the consequences and risks of both. Above storage tanks are cheaper and

have a higher overall risk due to its open area in contrast to the more expensive underground

storage tank which is far less open and also more difficult to repair.

Credibility: This website and company is directly dedicated to underground storage tanks and

represents the company used by many gasoline stations. This is also used by other tank

companies not just for underground storage tanks. This company is legitimate and accessible to

everyone.

Reflection: I used this when taking into consideration what would be the best tank for gasoline. It

was a question my mentor had asked, and I planned to give a well understood answer in order to

truly achieve the most efficient tank. The underground storage tank was required as it was less

exposed to the public and needed the electrolytic moist soil.

“An inside Look at Aging Underground Storage Tanks.” MobilityPlaza | The Global

Platform for Mobility, Convenience, and Roadside Retail., MobilityPlaza, 31 July 2020,

www.petrolplaza.com/news/25241.

Summary: Tank camera technology is revolutionary as it provides a direct look into the tank to

see the damage of an underground storage tank. This completely bypasses the issue of the tank
being underground. The patent is not yet released however has worked and is proven to be

effective.

Credibility: Petrolplaza is a dedicated website petroleum and any information regarding it. The

sources for it are listed within the article itself and the patent for the tank camera itself is

legitimate and I myself have contacted them.

Reflection: I used this directly within my proposal as it’s one of the patents I use to make my

prototype of an underground storage tank better than other existing tanks. I really liked the

significance of being able to bypass the problem of the tank being underground. I ended up using

Tankology’s rough patent of the tank camera.

LangelyAlloys. “What Is Sigma Phase in Duplex Stainless Steel?” Langley Alloys, 17 Aug.

2022, www.langleyalloys.com/knowledge-advice/what-is-sigma-phase-in-duplex-

stainlesssteel/#:~:text=Sigma%20phase%20is%20a%20chromium,its%20resistance

%20to%20pitting%20corrosion.

Summary: Sigma phase is a state of metal that occurs when under a cold temperature causing

metals to break and lose their rigid durability. This occurs whenever the composition of a metal

is diluted. A high chromium percentage in steel will result in a less durable metal rather than the

predicted stainless steel.

Credibility: Langley Alloys is dedicated to the different metal compositions that exist and would

know most about steel composition. They utilize research and facts to determine what would be

the consequence of using too much chromium in your steel. This was a credible source.
Reflection: I didn’t use this a lot however it was important in that I understood why I couldn’t

just use a high composition of chromium within the steel I wanted to use in my prototype. This

was one of the many factors I considered when deciding the advantage and disadvantages of my

materials.

“Underground Storage Tank Release Protection.” EPA, Environmental Protection Agency,

July 2023, www.epa.gov/ust/release-prevention-underground-storage-tanks-usts.

Summary: Underground storage tanks leak annually and constantly. This is caused due to

collision, corrosion, and maintenance. This can be prevented through specific countermeasures

such as anchors, inhibitors, and a more informed staff.

Credibility: This is credible as it is a nationwide agency recognized for protecting the

environment. This provides information regarding pollution prevention in any topic, however, it

was useful and credible when it came to the topic of UST spills.

Reflection: I used this to clearly identify how prevalent the issue of Underground storage tank

releases are in the United States. I learned exactly how and what the issue was as well as how to

counter it. I used this in my proposal as well as too keep in my background information.

“What Is Pitting Corrosion?” D&D Coatings, D&D Coatings, 31 Mar. 2022,

www.ddcoatings.co.uk/2276/what-is-pitting-corrosion.

Summary: Pitting corrosion is an issue regarding cathodic protection is caused due to damage on

the coating or material of the tank. This allows a self-sustaining reaction to decay at the metal
and cause the cathodic protection to fail. This can only be prevented through thicker coatings and

better maintenance.

Credibility: DD Coatings is credible in this topic as their entire website and company is

dedicated to coatings. Not only that, but as a coating company for tanks and more, they

understand the consequences and issues you might come across in the coating process such as

pitting corrosion.

Reflection: I had this as background information but also as prevalent knowledge to my

prototype as cathodic protection is a main feature. Cathodic protection is used heavily within

galvanic cathodic protection as well as the impressed current system. Pitting corrosion poses as

the single enemy to cathodic protection and I used this in my proposal as an entire slide.
 Images Cited

Elmahdy, Mahmoud. “Troubleshooting Cathodic Protection Systems and Function Systems.”

Corrosionpedia, 9 Dec. 2023, www.corrosionpedia.com/troubleshooting-cathodic-

protection-systems-and-function-systems/2/1559. =

Hoag, Dan. “Underground Storage Tank (UST) Monitoring Systems.” CommTank, 11 Apr.

2022, www.commtank.com/tank-articles/underground-storage-tank-monitoring-systems/.