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ELEENA BINTI MOHD YUSOF (DR.)

Doctor in Prosthodontics DS 974 2022/2023
Faculty of Dentistry
Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM)
Sungai Buloh Campus
Jalan Hospital
47000 Sungai Buloh
Selangor
Version 1.0 2022/2023

www.dentistry.uitm.edu.my
Copyright Reserved © V1-2022
DCP 902 Prosthodontics 1

Revised by Dr. Eleena Mohd Yusof
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACADEMIC STAFF ...................................................................................................................... 3
PROGRAMME SYNOPSIS ............................................................................................................ 5
PROGRAMME OUTCOMES ......................................................................................................... 5
PROGRAMME CONTENT AND MATERIALS .................................................................................. 6
LECTURE AND SEMINAR TOPICS & SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES............................................. 7
MODULE 1 : DENTAL MATERIAL SCIENCES........................................................................................... 7
MODULE 2 : INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH IN PROSTHODONTICS ................................................... 11
MODULE 3 : CONTEMPORARY AESTHETIC DENTISTRY & OPERATIVE DENTISTRY ................................ 12
MODULE 4 : TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDERS ............................................................................. 14
MODULE 5 : TOOTH SURFACE LOSS................................................................................................... 14
MODULE 6 : GERODONTOLOGY ........................................................................................................ 15
MODULE 7 : IMPLANT PROSTHODONTICS ......................................................................................... 16
MODULE 8 : MAXILLOFACIAL PROSTHODONTICS ............................................................................... 19
PRECLINICAL PROJECTS ............................................................................................................ 21
MODULE 2 : INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH IN PROSTHODONTICS ................................................... 21
MODULE 3 : CONTEMPORARY AESTHETIC DENTISTRY & OPERATIVE DENTISTRY ................................ 21
MODULE 7 : IMPLANT PROSTHODONTICS ......................................................................................... 21
MODULE 8 : MAXILLOFACIAL PROSTHODONTICS ............................................................................... 21
TEACHING AND LEARNING METHODS ...................................................................................... 21
PROGRAMME REQUIREMENT .................................................................................................. 23
COURSE ASSESSMENT .............................................................................................................. 24
LIST OF REFERENCES ................................................................................................................ 25
REMOVABLE PROSTHODONTICS ....................................................................................................... 25
COMPLETE DENTURE ................................................................................................................................................25
REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURE ...............................................................................................................................25
FIXED PROSTHODONTICS.................................................................................................................. 26
OCCLUSION ...................................................................................................................................... 26
MAXILLOFACIAL PROSTHODONTICS .................................................................................................. 26
IMPLANT DENTISTRY ........................................................................................................................ 26
OPERATIVE DENTISTRY ..................................................................................................................... 27
TOOTH SURFACE LOSS ...................................................................................................................... 27
JOURNALS........................................................................................................................................ 27

ACADEMIC STAFF
Programme Director / Resource Person
Dr. Eleena Mohd Yusof
BDS (Malaya), MClinDent in Prosthodontics (Edinburgh)
03-61266591
eleena9727@uitm.edu.my
Programme Coordinator
Dr. Zethy Hanum Mohamed Kassim
BDS (Malaya), MClinDent (London), Fellowship in Advanced Periodontology and Implantology
(Genoa)
03-61266566
zethy@uitm.edu.my
Dr. Hasnah Begum Said Gulam Khan (Course Coordinator - Dissertation)
Teaching Staff
Professor Dr.
Professor Dr. Mohamed
Rohana Ahmad
Ibrahim Abu Hassan
BDS (Manchester), MSD
BDS (Malaya), MDSc
(Boston), Cert Prostho
(Leeds), PhD (Bristol)
(Boston), PhD (Sydney)
03-61266101
03-61266619
mibrahim@uitm.edu.my
drrohana@uitm.edu.my
Associate Professor Dr.

Associate Professor Dr.
Hazlina Abdul Ghani
Siti Mariam Ab Ghani
BDS (Malaya), MClinDent
BDS (Malaya), MClinDent in
(Glasgow), Cert Implant
Prosthodontics
Dentistry (New York),
(Edinburgh)
Fellowship ICOI (USA)
03-61266627
03-61266598
sitimariam783@uitm.edu.my
hazlina796@uitm.edu.my
Dr. Tengku Fazrina Dr. Zethy Hanum

Tengku Mohd Ariff Mohamed Kassim
DDS (UKM), MClinDent BDS (Malaya), MClinDent
(Malaya), Clinical (London), Fellowship in
Fellowship in Maxillofacial Advanced Periodontology
Prosthodontics (RCSEng) and Implantology (Genoa)
03-61266616 03-61266566
fazrina@uitm.edu.my zethy@uitm.edu.my

Dr. Nur Hafizah Kamar

Affendi
Dr. Nor Faharina
DDS (USM), Cert
Abdul Hamid
Prosthodontics (New York)
BDS (Malaya), MClinDent
Cert Implant Dentistry
(USM), FRACDS
(New York), Fellowship
03-61266593
ICOI (USA)
faharina@uitm.edu.my
03-61266593
hafizahkamar@uitm.edu.my
Dr. Eleena Mohd Yusof

Dr. Melati Mahmud BDS (Malaya), MClinDent
BDS(UiTM), DClinDent in in Prosthodontics
Prosthodontics (Adelaide) (Edinburgh)
melatimahmud@uitm.edu.my 03-61266591
eleena9727@uitm.edu.my
Dr. Aiemeeza Rajali

DDS (UKM), MClinDent Dr. Aini Hayati
(Malaya), Fellowship in New Abdul Rahim
Technologies in BDSc (Melbourne),
Periodontology and MClinDent Prosthetic
Implantology (UniGe.IT) (Malaya)
03-61266635 hayati1967@uitm.edu.my
aiemeeza7738@uitm.edu.my
Dr. Hazem Mofreh

Dakhilallah AlTarawneh
DDS (Jordan University),
MClindent Prosthetic
(Malaya)
hazem@uitm.edu.my
Other teaching staff:

1. Dr. Nurul Ain Ramlan (Endodontics)
2. Dr. Saraswathy Devi Sinniah (Orthodontics)
3. Dr. Hazmyr Abdul Wahab (Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery)
4. Dr. Mohd Kherman Suparman (Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery)
5. Dr. Mohd Shawal Firdaus Mohamad (Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery)
6. Dr. Farha Ariffin (Periodontics)
7. Associate Professor Dr. Mohd Yusmiaidil Putera Mohd Yusof (Oral Imaging)

PROGRAMME SYNOPSIS
Doctor of Prosthodontics is a postgraduate degree awarded following the satisfactory completion of
a programme of study in research and clinical applications related to advanced Prosthodontics. It is a
three-year full-time coursework programme comprising clinical and research work. Mode of teaching
includes lectures, tutorials, demonstrations, laboratory work, clinical sessions, and seminars that are
conducted in an integrated manner to encourage self-directed learning.
Prosthodontic theory and contemporary methods of treatment will be covered comprehensively

throughout the course. Candidates are required to conduct a research project in their first year leading
to a dissertation at the end of Year 3. Candidates are also encouraged to publish their research findings
in high-impact publications. Throughout Year 1 and Year 3, students will perform advanced
prosthodontic management under the close supervision of experienced specialists. This includes
Removable Prosthodontics, Fixed Prosthodontics, Implant Dentistry, and Maxillofacial
Prosthodontics. They will also be updated on the current development of biomaterials and techniques.
Candidates are required to manage complex cases comprising aesthetic dentistry, maxillofacial
defects, full mouth rehabilitation, and integrated interdisciplinary approaches. This will enhance and
strengthen their clinical competency in the management of various prosthodontic cases. Candidates
are assessed continuously throughout the three years in the form of semester tests, projects,
assignments, seminars, and clinical requirements. In the final part of the programme, candidates have
the opportunity to undergo clinical attachments at appointed centres to establish their proficiency in
Prosthodontics.
PROGRAMME OUTCOMES
Upon successful completion of this course, students should be able to:
1. Appraise theoretical knowledge and understanding of the principle of Prosthodontics to

support the practice in dentistry.
2. Formulate solutions to problems using scientific and critical thinking skills.
3. Perform proficient evidence-based clinical patient management in the field of Prosthodontics.
4. Display skills in clinical governance for a high level of patient care in Prosthodontics.
5. Perform proficient communication skills in providing expert advice to society in the field of
Prosthodontics.

6. Combine advanced digital skills in prosthodontic area during clinical management.
7. Perform research in the field of Prosthodontics using quantitative and data qualitative data
through scientific reasoning.
8. Display leadership, autonomy, and responsibility in engaging with peers and stakeholders.
9. Integrate effectively personal and independent lifelong learners' skills in comprehensive

prosthodontic treatment with relevant specialties.
10. Demonstrate managerial skills with an entrepreneurial mindset.
11. Adhere to legal, ethical, and professional codes of practice.
PROGRAMME CONTENT AND MATERIALS

This programme consists of three groups of courses: 2 programme courses and 1 core course.
Programme courses are offered only for Doctor in Prosthodontics candidates. The core course is
shared among all other programmes within the faculty.
i. Programme course DCP 902

Prosthodontics DCP 903
ii. Core course DTS 901
Dissertation
This programme comprises of several modes of teaching and sessions. Students are expected to spend
time (face-to-face) with the faculty members as per the table below:
Face-to-face time for every session:
DCP 902
Practical Journal
Teaching Clinical Club /
Lecture Seminar Preclinical Assessment Total
mode sessions / Reflective
sessions
residency Session
F2F
17 43 32 2032 46 16.5 2184.5
hours
DCP 903
F2F
- - - 1101 17 2.5 1120.5
hours

LECTURE AND SEMINAR TOPICS & SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES
MODULE 1 : DENTAL MATERIAL SCIENCES

TOPICS AND SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES (SLO)
1. Properties of dental materials I & II (L)
1. Describe properties of materials such as stress, stain, modulus of elasticity, hardness,
fatigue, creep, fracture toughness, and viscosity.
2. Discuss their importance in terms of clinical significance.
3. Describe thermal conductivity, and coefficient of thermal expansion and discuss their
importance.
4. Discuss adhesion and the factors that influence adhesion.
2. Material testings
1. Discuss testing of flexural, bimetrial, shear, and compression strength and material
preparation for each type of test.
2. Describe 3-point and 4-point bend tests.
3. Discuss macro, micro, and nano testing.
4. Discuss bonding test.
5. Describe the evaluation of surface properties using a profilometer and micro-ct.
6. Describe measurement of viscosity, hardness, dimensional, and colour.
3. Acrylic resins and waxes

1. Describe the different classifications of dental waxes and their composition and
physical properties.
2. Discuss the ideal properties of dental waxes based on their application.
3. Discuss the different types of denture base polymers.
4. Discuss denture lining materials:
• Hard reline materials
• Soft lining materials
• Tissue conditioners

4. Impression materials
1. Discuss the different classifications of impression materials and describe the
compositions and applications for each material.
2. State the ideal characteristics and requirements of impression material in
dentistry.
3. Discuss the mechanical properties of an impression material; stiffness,
permanent set, and tear strength.
4. Discuss the factors that influence the dimensional accuracy and stability of an
impression.
5. Discuss the advantages and limitations of digital impressions.
5. Milling and drilling

1. Discuss the different types and designs of dental drill materials and the types of
drilling instruments (high speed, slow speed, straight handpieces).
2. Discuss the different types of milling in dentistry, the advantages and disadvantages
of each milling system
• Digital dentistry (CADCAM)
• Conventional milling
• Wet milling & dry milling technique
3. Elaborate on the different types of material and prosthesis designs for milling.
4. Discuss the factors influencing the milling procedure (milling machine and tooth
preparation).
5. Elaborate and compare the advantages of prosthesis milling over the conventional
casting of metal or sintering of ceramics.
6. Investment materials and gypsum

1. Describe the classification of dental gypsum and the following properties:
a. Composition
b. Manipulation and setting characteristics
c. Properties of the set material
2. Discuss the important and ideal properties of investment materials.
3. Describe the investing and casting procedures and precautions taken in each step.
4. Discuss the errors that might occur during investing and casting procedures that
result in defective prostheses (unfit prostheses, poor seating, poor detail
reproduction, etc.).

7. Alloy and stainless steel

1. Describe the microstructure of metal and the solidification and nucleation processes.
2. Explain the different phases formed in an alloy.
3. Classify dental alloy and its ideal properties for dental usage.
4. Discuss the commonly used alloys in dentistry with their composition and clinical
usage:
• Nobel and precious metal alloys
• Base metal alloys
• Titanium
• Stainless steel (austenitic, ferritic, and martensitic steels)
8. Luting cement
1. Discuss the ideal properties of luting cement in fixed prosthodontics.
2. Discuss the different types and properties of available luting cement in the market
• Resin-based luting cement
• Zinc-phosphate cement
• Glass-ionomer cement
3. Elaborate on the bonding mechanism of conventional luting agents and resin-based
luting agents to the tooth structure, ceramics, and metal prosthesis structure.
9. Dental ceramics
1. Define the composition and general properties of ceramics.
2. Discuss the different types of dental ceramics and their composition and properties
• high-strength core ceramics
• resin-bonded ceramics
3. Describe the fabrication methods of ceramic prostheses (sintering, hot-pressing, and
CADCAM machining).
4. Discuss the factors that influence the strength of ceramic used in fixed prostheses.

10. Metal bonded ceramics

1. Discuss the bonding mechanism between ceramic to a metal framework and the
advantages of this union
• Mechanical retention
• Compression fit
• Chemical bonding
2. Discuss the selection of metal substructure compatible with the ceramics from its
physical properties.
3. Discuss the expected failure and repair mechanism of the metal-bonded ceramic
prostheses.
11. Direct restorative materials

1. Discuss the progression (composition and clinical application) of the following direct
restorative materials:
• Composite resins
• Giomers & compomers
• Glass ionomer cement
• Amalgam
• Temporary cement
2. Discuss bonding and adhesion concepts to enamel and dentine.
• Wet bonding, total-etch and self-etch technique
Skills: Integrate dental materials knowledge in clinical prosthodontics and

research.
Attitude: Display evidence-based lifelong learning in dental materials science.

Teaching and a) Lecture
learning method:
b) Seminar
c) Journal Club

MODULE 2 : INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH IN PROSTHODONTICS

1. Overview of interdisciplinary approach in prosthodontics (L)
Discuss the importance of an interdisciplinary approach in managing prosthodontic
cases.
2. Endodontics considerations I & II

1. Discuss the importance of prosthodontic evaluation prior to endodontic treatment.
2. Discuss the management of trauma in a dentition.
3. Periodontology considerations I & II

1. Discuss implant treatment in periodontically-compromised patients.
2. Discuss the crown lengthening procedure and its importance in Prosthodontics.
3. Discuss the role of occlusal trauma in the aetiology of periodontal disease.
4. Discuss the role of occlusal treatment in patients with compromised periodontal
attachment.
5. Discuss the fixed and removable prosthesis design in patients with compromised
periodontal attachment.
4. Orthodontics considerations
1. Discuss the importance of prosthodontic planning in orthodontic patients.
2. Discuss the prosthodontic management of hypodontia in orthodontic patients.
3. Discuss the role of Orthodontics in space provision for prosthodontic patients.
5. Oral & maxillofacial surgery considerations I & II

1. Describe the types of pre-prosthetic surgical management in Prosthodontics.
2. Discuss the importance of alveolar bone augmentation in managing prosthodontic
cases.
3. Discuss the role of prosthodontics in managing occlusion in orthognathic patients.
4. Discuss prosthodontic management in congenital and developmental defects of jaw
and teeth.
5. Discuss the role of prosthodontics in the management of dental-facial trauma.

6. Obstructive sleep apnoea

1. Discuss the basics of sleep.
2. Define and explain obstructive sleep apnoea.
3. Discuss the non-surgical, and surgical treatment options and prevention of obstructive
sleep apnoea.
4. Discuss the oral appliances for the management of snoring and obstructive sleep
apnoea.
7. Dental radiology
1. Discuss an appropriate extra or intraoral radiograph as an additional tool to reach a
diagnosis in managing prosthodontic patients.
2. Analyse and interpret radiographs accordingly for an optimal prosthodontic treatment
plan.
Skills: a) Perform endodontics on extracted molars.

b) Execute appropriate management for interdisciplinary prosthodontic
cases.
Attitude: Practice teamwork in prosthodontic treatment planning and management.

learning method:
b) Seminar
c) Demonstration & Practical
d) Journal Club
MODULE 3 : CONTEMPORARY AESTHETIC DENTISTRY & OPERATIVE DENTISTRY

1. Aesthetics dentistry update (L)
1. Discuss minimally intervention aesthetics in restorative dentistry.
2. Discuss the updates of CAD-CAM in aesthetic dentistry.
3. Discuss digital treatment planning in aesthetic dentistry.

2. Principles of aesthetics dentistry (L)

1. Discuss the concept and biology of dental aesthetics.
2. Discuss the evidence-based aesthetics treatment planning.
3. Discuss the understanding of color.
3. Indirect & direct tooth-coloured restorations I & II

1. Rationalise the indications, contraindications, advantages, disadvantages, and
principles of cavity preparation for tooth-coloured restorations.
2. Describe the different designs as well as approaches to cavity preparation and
techniques of restoration.
3. Describe various multilayering techniques of direct/ indirect composite resin
restorations.
4. Management of tooth discolorations

1. Describe the causes/aetiologies of tooth discolorations.
2. Describe the management of discolorations.
3. Describe the potential adverse effects of bleaching.
5. CAD-CAM restorations
1. Discuss the development of recent CAD-CAM techniques in the fabrication of fixed
prostheses.
2. Compare the different methods in the fabrication of fixed prostheses.
3. Discuss the indications and advantages of each fabrication technique.
Skills: a) Practice aesthetic dentistry utilising techniques and materials taught in

the module.
b) Utilise composite multi-layering techniques in providing aesthetics.
Attitude: Approach aesthetic dentistry cases with appropriate management.

learning method:
b) Seminar
d) Journal Club

MODULE 4 : TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDERS

1. Overview of TMD (L)
1. Define and explain the classification of TMD.
2. Discuss the prevalence of TMD.
3. Discuss the scientific evidence of aetiological factors of TMD.
4. Describe the clinical evaluation and imaging of TMD.
5. Explain the treatment options of TMD.
2. Management of TMD I & II

1. Discuss evidence-based management options for various type of TMD.
2. Discuss evidence-based splint therapy and its design.
3. Explain the scientific evidence of occlusal adjustment for treating and preventing
TMD.
Skills: Execute appropriate management for temporomandibular disorders.
Attitude: Display evidence-based knowledge in approaching temporomandibular

disorders.

learning method:
b) Seminar
c) Journal Club
MODULE 5 : TOOTH SURFACE LOSS

1. Aetiology and diagnosis (L)
1. Describe the prevalence and indices of tooth surface loss.
2. Discuss the scientific evidence of aetiological factors of tooth surface loss.
3. Describe the clinical presentation of tooth surface loss.
4. Discuss the scientific evidence of non-carious cervical lesions.

2. Management of tooth surface loss I – III (L)

1. Discuss the prevention methods of tooth surface loss.
2. Describe the monitoring process of tooth surface loss.
3. Discuss the evidence-based immediate management and long-term management of
tooth surface loss.
3. Methods to create space

1. Explain the rationale of conformative and reorganized approaches to the restorative
treatment of tooth surface loss.
2. Discuss the literature review of minor axial tooth movement.
3. Describe occlusal equilibration/ adjustment.
4. Rationalise the indications, and contraindications and describe the anatomical factors,
techniques, and complications of crown lengthening surgery.
5. Discuss the rationale behind the changes in the vertical dimension of occlusion.
4. Treatment options, maintenance & failure

1. Discuss the evidence-based clinical performance of various treatment options.
2. Explain the management of failures and understand their causes.
Skills: Execute appropriate management of tooth surface loss.
Attitude: Practice evidence-based tooth surface loss management.

learning method:
b) Seminar
d) Journal Club
MODULE 6 : GERODONTOLOGY
1. Aging & disease process of the elderly
1. Discuss aging and disease processes in the elderly in relation to dentistry.
2. Describe the classification of the elders.

2. Age change in the orofacial structures and their relations to dental treatment
1. Describe the orofacial changes in the elderly.
2. Discuss the relation of these changes to the factors to be considered during treatment
for elderly patients.
3. Clinical management of elderly patients

1. Discuss common medical and dental problems related to elderly patients.
2. Discuss clinical management of medically compromised elderly patients.
Skills: Practice prosthodontic management in the elderly with consideration of their

underlying problems.
Attitude: Display concern about the underlying aging and disease process of an elderly
patient during the management of their prosthodontic problems.

learning method:
b) Seminar
c) Journal Club
MODULE 7 : IMPLANT PROSTHODONTICS

1. Bone remodelling (L)
1. Discuss the causes and process of bone remodelling.
2. Discuss internal and external bone remodelling and the influencing factor.
3. Discuss positive bone remodelling and the predictive factors to encourage bone
remodelling.
2. Bone evaluation (L)

1. Describe qualitative and quantitative bone evaluation.
2. Discuss the importance of qualitative and quantitative bone evaluation.
3. Discuss the 2-dimensional bone evaluation technique which includes radiographs and
serial casts.
4. Discuss the 3-dimensional bone evaluation technique which includes CBCT.
5. Discuss long-term monitoring in bone evaluation.

3. Treatment planning for single and multiple missing teeth

1. Discuss the risk assessment factors associated with implant planning.
2. Discuss key principles of 3D placement of dental implants for aesthetic positioning
of the final prosthesis.
3. Discuss the importance of teamwork/ multidisciplinary management to ensure the
success of the implant prosthesis.
4. Aesthetics considerations of missing upper anteriors

1. Discuss factors influencing the treatment of missing upper anteriors.
2. Discuss implant body position and implant depth in managing aesthetics.
3. Discuss soft tissue contouring/ emergence profile.
4. Discuss complications of maxillary anterior single and multiple implants.
5. Treatment planning for edentulous maxilla & mandible

1. Discuss the evaluation of maxillary bone resorption and its skeletal and positional
relationship with the mandible.
2. Discuss the establishment of OVD in the edentulous maxilla.
3. Discuss aesthetics (fixed vs removable approach and achievement of lip support) and
speech considerations in the treatment planning of edentulous maxilla.
4. Discuss bone preservation in edentulous maxilla.
5. Describe sinus pneumatization and tuberosity enlargement concerning treatment
planning of maxilla.
6. Discuss treatment options for mandibular implant overdentures.
7. Discuss designs and fabrication of mandibular implant overdenture.
8. Discuss mandibular Implant supported bridge prosthetics options.
6. Guided implant surgery

1. Discuss the importance of treatment planning and diagnostic wax-up in implant
prosthodontics.
2. Discuss the importance to have guided surgery during implant placement.
3. Explain the different techniques to guide an implant surgery.

7. Surgical considerations in implant dentistry

1. Discuss the ‘restoratively-driven’ surgical implant treatment planning to achieve
optimum aesthetics and functional outcome.
2. Surgical guidelines for tooth/teeth already missing and tooth/teeth need to be
removed.
3. Management of surgical complications of implant placement.
4. Surgical techniques (anatomical consideration, flap design, surgical preparation of
the bone, implant placement & implant insertion) for implant installation.
5. Operative requirement (instruments, anaesthetic & analgesic) for implant installation.
6. Discuss post-op care for implant surgery.
7. Discuss surgery for abutment connection (second stage).
8. Hard & soft tissue grafting

1. Discuss the management of alveolar and soft tissue deficiencies (sinus lift, socket
preservation).
2. Discuss the prosthodontic approach (pink porcelain) in alveolar and soft tissue
deficiencies.
9. Soft tissue management & impression making

1. Discuss the different techniques of soft tissue management during impression
making; surgical and non-surgical management.
2. Discuss the importance of soft tissue retraction during impression making.
10. Complications of Implant

1. Discuss the complications that may occur in implant prosthodontics.
2. Discuss the preventive measurements and precautions that must be taken to minimize
the complication risks.
11. Immediate vs delayed loading

1. Explain the concept of immediate and delayed loading in implant prosthodontics.
2. Discuss the indications and case suitability for each approach.
3. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each approach.
Skills: a) Design and plan implant prosthodontic cases.

b) Plan and fabricate single-unit implant prosthesis.

Attitude: Execute appropriate management for implant cases.

learning method:
b) Seminar
d) Journal Club
MODULE 8 : MAXILLOFACIAL PROSTHODONTICS

1. Introduction to maxillofacial prosthodontics (L)
1. Describe the types of maxillofacial defects and the importance of teamwork in
management.
2. Discuss the objectives of restorations and means of retention for the defects.
3. Identify the types of maxillofacial prostheses available.
2. Cleft lip & palate

1. Describe and classify cleft lips and palate.
2. Discuss the importance of teamwork in managing cleft patients.
3. Discuss the pathology of cleft malformation and problems related to cleft lip & palate.
4. Discuss treatment planning and management of cleft lip & palate.
5. Discuss the restoration of missing dentition in cleft lip and palate patients.
3. Restoration of maxillary defect

1. Discuss the surgical procedures to enhance prosthetic prognosis in maxillary defects.
2. Discuss the phases of treatment of maxillary defects.
3. Discuss definitive obturators for edentulous patients.
4. Compare definitive obturator for dentate patients with total and partial maxillectomy.
4. Management of irradiated patients

1. Describe the modalities of radiation therapy.
2. Discuss the usage of prosthodontic stents and splints during therapy.
3. Discuss the oral effect of radiation therapy and post-radiation dental care.
4. Discuss the prosthetic management of irradiated patients.
5. Discuss implants in irradiated tissues.

5. Restoration of Soft Palate Defect

1. Describe the components of speech.
2. Discuss the velopharyngeal function.
3. Compare the obturators in total soft palate defect, posterior border defects, and palatal
lift.
6. Restoration of Tongue-mandibular Defect

1. Discuss the disabilities secondary to surgical resection.
2. Discuss speech and deglutition aids.
3. Discuss the mandibular guidance therapy.
4. Discuss the prosthetic rehabilitation for a mandibular defect in partially dentate and
completely edentulous patients.
7. Restoration of Facial Defect

1. Discuss the surgical procedures to enhance the prosthetic prognosis of facial defects.
2. Discuss rehabilitation of auricular and nasal defects.
3. Discuss rehabilitation of orbital and ocular defects.
4. Discuss rehabilitation of large midfacial defects.
8. Materials in maxillofacial prosthodontics

1. Describe the ideal physical and mechanical properties of processed maxillofacial
materials.
2. Describe ideal processing characteristics and biologic properties of processed
maxillofacial materials.
3. Discuss the types of materials used in maxillofacial prosthodontics.
4. Describe the silicone elastomers usage in maxillofacial prosthodontics.
5. Discuss computer-aided designs and manufacturing in maxillofacial prosthodontics.
Skills: a) Propose appropriate management for maxillofacial prosthodontic cases.

b) Design and construct appropriate prosthesis for each type of
maxillofacial prosthodontic case.
Attitude: Display empathy in performing treatment for maxillofacial prosthodontic

cases.


learning method:
b) Seminar
d) Journal Club
LEGEND: (L) – Lecture. Others are conducted in the form of a seminar.
PRECLINICAL PROJECTS
MODULE 2 : INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH IN PROSTHODONTICS

Molar endodontic project on extracted tooth
i. Cavity access
ii. Working length determination
iii. Cleaning and shaping
iv. Trial GP
v. Obturation
MODULE 3 : CONTEMPORARY AESTHETIC DENTISTRY & OPERATIVE DENTISTRY

1. Anterior composite resin build-up
2. Posterior composite resin build-up
MODULE 7 : IMPLANT PROSTHODONTICS

Single unit implant case
i. Radiographic and surgical stent
ii. Flap design and suturing
iii. Placement of implant on model
MODULE 8 : MAXILLOFACIAL PROSTHODONTICS

1. Definitive obturator
2. Ocular prosthesis
3. Maxillofacial silicone manipulation and colouring
TEACHING AND LEARNING METHODS
This course uses various methods of teaching, which are based on the concept of ‘Student-Centred
Learning’ and ‘Outcome Based Education’. Thus, the methods used encompassed an interactive and
conducive learning environment with the support of the state-of-the-art technology available.

1. Tutorials/Seminars
These sessions are provided to aid students learning. Seminars are held as interactive sessions
whereby candidates will prepare, then discuss and present the assigned topics to the class.
2. Lectures
Lecturers cover topics mentioned in the Course Content. The recommended references and
textbooks will be utilised for the preparation of these lectures. Each lecture topic may last
from one to three hours. Candidates are expected to revise journals and recommended
readings before lectures to enhance their understanding.
3. Demonstration and practical sessions
During the practical sessions, the students are required to complete all the tasks related to their
technology project following a visual and interactive demonstration by lecturers or dental
laboratory technologists. The practical sessions are conducted to complement the clinical
training.
4. Journal clubs / Reflective sessions
The students are required to present a recent journal publication that is related to
prosthodontics. These sessions expose the students to the most recent publications and
evidence-based practices and allow them to critically appraise the articles.
Reflective sessions allow lecturers to identify the student's weaknesses and discuss ways of
improvement.
5. Competency and module tests
Assessments are conducted at the end of each module or practical session to enable the
teaching staff to assess students' understanding and hand skills. This aids the staff to identify
students who need help in any module and assist them further before they proceed to the next
level of prosthodontic studies.
6. Clinical Sessions
Clinical sessions will expose the candidates to the application of prosthodontics principles
and advanced skills to manage prosthodontics patients. Prosthodontics lecturers and also

lecturers from other departments in cases that require integrated management will supervise
the management of the cases. Candidates are required to complete the allocated requirements
for them to be eligible to sit for the examination. Candidates are also exposed to undergraduate
supervision to deliver and strengthen their basic prosthodontics knowledge as well as expose
them to the academic environment.
7. Others
The teaching methodology will also include case-based learning, blended learning, and
presentations to further enhance lifelong-learning skills.
PROGRAMME REQUIREMENT
Our programme provides sufficient clinical experience for the student to be proficient in the
comprehensive treatment of a wide range of oral rehabilitation/prosthodontic cases. The procedures
are as listed below. The student must manage at least a total of 40 cases (30 completed cases) of
which must include the followings:
Scope of oral rehabilitation procedures Minimal clinical requirements

Tooth wear 5 cases (of which at least 2 are completed cases)
Prosthodontics (moderate to severe degree of 10 cases (of which 2 cases involve all laboratory
complexity) – Fixed, removable, and procedures for prosthesis fabrication)
combination
Implant prosthodontics – Fixed, removable, and 7 cases (of which 2 cases must include all
combination laboratory procedures for prosthesis fabrication)
Occlusal equilibration / temporomandibular 3 cases
disorders
Maxillofacial prosthetics 5 cases (of which 1 case must include all
laboratory procedures for prosthesis fabrication)
*Cases include integrated interdisciplinary management, full mouth rehabilitation, a combination of fixed and removable
prosthodontics, multiple implants, tooth surface loss, hypodontia, failure dentition, generalised enamel/ dentine defects,
overdenture with attachments, smile make-over, maxillofacial prosthesis

Pre-requisites
To be eligible to sit for the Professional Examination I, candidates MUST complete and pass all
preclinical projects and competency tests and MUST fulfil 90% attendance throughout the
prosthodontic residency programme.
COURSE ASSESSMENT
CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT (40%)

Preclinical projects (10%) and Seminars and journal clubs
Module tests (20%)
competency test (must pass) (10%)
1. Molar endodontic Presentation assessment at 4. Dental material sciences
preclinical project. seminars and journal clubs. 5. Interdisciplinary
2. Composite multilayering approach in
technique preclinical prosthodontics
project. 6. Contemporary aesthetic
3. Single unit implant dentistry & operative
preclinical project. dentistry
4. Clinical complete denture 7. Temporomandibular joint
teeth set-up competency disorders
test (before professional 8. Tooth surface loss
examination) 9. Gerodontology
10. Implant prosthodontics
11. Maxillofacial
prosthodontics

FINAL ASSESSMENT (60%)

Professional examination I
Paper 1 Paper 2 Treatment planning Case reports
(Prosthodontics) (Integrated examination & viva examination and viva
Prosthodontics)
2 (two) long-answer 2 (two) long-answer 1 (one) unseen case 2 (two) fully
questions (LAQs) questions (LAQs) examination, documented case
diagnosis, and reports viva voce
2 (two) short-answer 2 (two) short-answer
treatment planning
questions (SAQs) questions (SAQs)
viva voce
For Professional Examination I, candidates:
a) MUST acquire at least 60% marks for both papers to be eligible to obtain a PASS.
b) MUST pass both examinations of Treatment Planning and Case Reports.
c) who have failed have to repeat Year 2 and pass all course components.
LIST OF REFERENCES
REMOVABLE PROSTHODONTICS
COMPLETE DENTURE
Recommended Textbooks
1. Basker RM. Prosthetics Treatment of the Edentulous Patient. Willey Blackwell, 5th edi.
2011.Bolender Z.
2. Boucher’s Prosthodontic Treatment For Edentulous Patients: Complete Dentures And

Implant-Supported Prostheses. Mosby, 13th edi. 2013.
3. Ahmad R, Ariff TFTM. Fundamentals of Complete Denture Prosthodontics. Press

Universiti Teknologi MARA, 1st edi. 2016.
4. McCord JF. Prosthodontic Treatment for edentulous Patients. Churchill Livingstone. 2004.
REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURE
1. McGivney GP. McCracken’s Removable Partial Prosthodontics. Elsevier. 12th Edi.2010.

2. Phoenix RD. Stewart’s Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics. Quintessence, 4th

edi.2008.
3. Stephen JS. Treatment Planning in Dentistry. Mosby Elsivier, 2nd edi. 2007.
4. Abdul Ghani H, Mustafa N. Comprehensive Guide to Removable Partial Denture. Press

Universiti Teknologi MARA, 1st edi.2019.
FIXED PROSTHODONTICS
1. Herbert TS. Fundamentals of Fixed Prosthodontics Livingstone, 4th edi. 2012.
2. Stephen FR. Contemporary Fixed Prosthodontics. Mosby, 4th edi. 2006.
3. Bernard GN, Howe L. Planning and Making Crowns and Bridges. Martin Dunitz, 4th edi.
2007.
4. Lim TW, Mustaza TA. The Art of Fundamental Fixed Prosthodontics. Press Universiti
Teknologi MARA, 1st edi. 2015.
OCCLUSION
Dawson PE. Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Occlusal Problems. Mosby, 2nd edi.
1988.
MAXILLOFACIAL PROSTHODONTICS
Beumer III, John, Mark T. Marunick, and Salvatore J. Esposito. "Maxillofacial rehabilitation:
prosthodontic and surgical management of cancer-related, acquired, and congenital defects of the
headand neck." Quintessence Pub 276 (2011).
IMPLANT DENTISTRY
1. Misch CE. Comtemporary Implant Dentistry. Mosb, 3rd edi. 2008.
2. Misch CE. Dental Implant Prosthetics. Mosby, 2nd edi. 2015.
3. Palmer RM, Howe LC, Palmer PJ. Implants in Clinical Dentistry. Informa Healthcare, 2nd edi. 2012.

OPERATIVE DENTISTRY
1. Heymann HO, Swift Jr EJ, Ritter AV. Sturdevant's Art and Science of Operative Dentistry. Elsevier, 6th
edi. 2013.
2. Banerjee A, Watson TF. Pickard's Guide to Minimally Invasive Operative Dentistry. Oxford University
Press, 10th edi. 2015.
3. Abu Hassan MI, Ab Ghani SM. Essentials of Operative Dentistry. Press Universiti Teknologi MARA, 1st
edi. 2015.
TOOTH SURFACE LOSS
Functional Occlusion in Restorative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, Klineberg & Eckhart 2015.
JOURNALS
1. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
2. Quintessance Publishing
3. British Dental Journal
4. Journal of American Dental Association
5. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation
6. International Journal of Prosthodontics
7. Clinical Oral Implant Research
8. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Implants
9. Gerodontology
10. Implant Dentistry
11. Dental Update
12. Dental Material
13. Operative Dentistry
14. Malaysian Dental Journal
15. Dental Clinic of North America

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ELEENA BINTI MOHD YUSOF (DR.)

Version 1.0 2022/2023

DCP 902 Prosthodontics 1

DCP 902 Prosthodontics 2

Dr. Hasnah Begum Said Gulam Khan (Course Coordinator - Dissertation)

Associate Professor Dr.

Dr. Tengku Fazrina Dr. Zethy Hanum

DCP 902 Prosthodontics 3

Dr. Nur Hafizah Kamar

Dr. Eleena Mohd Yusof

Dr. Aiemeeza Rajali

Dr. Hazem Mofreh

Other teaching staff:

DCP 902 Prosthodontics 4

Prosthodontic theory and contemporary methods of treatment will be covered comprehensively

1. Appraise theoretical knowledge and understanding of the principle of Prosthodontics to

2. Formulate solutions to problems using scientific and critical thinking skills.

3. Perform proficient evidence-based clinical patient management in the field of Prosthodontics.

DCP 902 Prosthodontics 5

6. Combine advanced digital skills in prosthodontic area during clinical management.

9. Integrate effectively personal and independent lifelong learners' skills in comprehensive

10. Demonstrate managerial skills with an entrepreneurial mindset.

11. Adhere to legal, ethical, and professional codes of practice.

PROGRAMME CONTENT AND MATERIALS

i. Programme course DCP 902

Face-to-face time for every session:

DCP 902 Prosthodontics 6

LECTURE AND SEMINAR TOPICS & SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES

MODULE 1 : DENTAL MATERIAL SCIENCES

3. Acrylic resins and waxes

DCP 902 Prosthodontics 7

5. Milling and drilling

6. Investment materials and gypsum

DCP 902 Prosthodontics 8

7. Alloy and stainless steel

DCP 902 Prosthodontics 9

10. Metal bonded ceramics

11. Direct restorative materials

Skills: Integrate dental materials knowledge in clinical prosthodontics and

Attitude: Display evidence-based lifelong learning in dental materials science.

DCP 902 Prosthodontics 10

MODULE 2 : INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH IN PROSTHODONTICS

2. Endodontics considerations I & II

3. Periodontology considerations I & II

5. Oral & maxillofacial surgery considerations I & II

DCP 902 Prosthodontics 11

6. Obstructive sleep apnoea

Skills: a) Perform endodontics on extracted molars.

Attitude: Practice teamwork in prosthodontic treatment planning and management.

Teaching and a) Lecture

MODULE 3 : CONTEMPORARY AESTHETIC DENTISTRY & OPERATIVE DENTISTRY

DCP 902 Prosthodontics 12

2. Principles of aesthetics dentistry (L)

3. Indirect & direct tooth-coloured restorations I & II

4. Management of tooth discolorations

Skills: a) Practice aesthetic dentistry utilising techniques and materials taught in

Attitude: Approach aesthetic dentistry cases with appropriate management.

Teaching and a) Lecture

DCP 902 Prosthodontics 13

MODULE 4 : TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDERS

2. Management of TMD I & II

Skills: Execute appropriate management for temporomandibular disorders.