Chapter 3 : Sentence

A sentence is a group of words giving a complete

thought. A sentence must contain a subject and a
verb (although one may be implied).
- There are four types of sentence:
1. A declarative sentence
A declarative sentence states a fact whether
positive or negative and ends with a period / full
stop. For example:
1) They never give up to learn everyday
2) Rina wasn’t absent yesterday
3) You were not in Jakarta two days ago
2. An imperative sentence
An imperative sentence is a command or a polite
request. It ends with an exclamation mark or a
period / full stop. For example:
1) Please convey your perspective about this topic!
2) Tell him to accompany me to the party!
3) Ask her to fulfill the enrollment form !
4) Please sign the agreement !
3. An interrogative sentence
An interrogative sentence asks a question and ends
with a question mark. For example:
1) Who package the present ?
2) Is she very bored now?
3) Do you please with your achievement?
4) Does the learner gains the terrific score?
5) Are you able to overcome the obstacle?
4. An exclamatory sentence
An exclamatory sentence expresses excitement or
emotion. It ends with an exclamation mark. For
example:
1) What wonderful the perspective she addresses
2) How satisfy the achievement you got
3) You did such a wonderful job
4) How beautiful the mountains are
Based on those structures, sentences are divided
into :
A sentence can consist of a single clause or several
clauses. When a sentence is a single clause, it is
called a simple sentence (and the clause is called
an independent clause). A sentence must contain
at least one independent clause. Below are the
four types of sentence structure (with their
independent clauses shaded):
1. Simple Sentence
A simple sentence contains one subject and
predicate. It takes the form of a statement, a
question, a request, and an exclamation.
Example:
A statement : I have seen that movie twice.
A question :Did you attend the concert presented
by UMJ choir ?
A request : Please come punctually at nine
o’clock to attend the convocation.
An exclamation : How lucky you are!
Furthermore, a simple sentence is a word group
that contains only one independent clause.
Even the addition of adjectives, adverbs, and
prepositional phrases to a simple sentence does
not change it into a complex sentence. For
example:
The brown dog with the red collar always barks
loudly.
Eve n i f yo u c o m b i n e s e ve ra l n o u n s w i t h a
conjunction or several verbs with a conjunction, it
remains a simple sentence. For example:
The dog barked and growled loudly.
The character of simple sentences are:
1. Simple Sentence is a set of words which makes
complete meaning.
2. Simple Sentence has two main parts: the Subject
and the Predicate.
3. The Subject denotes the person or thing about
which something is said.
4. The Predicate is what is said about the person or
thing denoted by the Subject
2. Compound Sentence
A compound sentence is made up of two or more
simple sentences joined with a coordinating
conjunction (and, but, or, so, yet, for, nor). As a result,
a compound sentence has two or more independent
clauses. Examples:
a) Two simple sentences
We saw the Grand Canyon. We visited Phoenix and
Saguaro.
b) Combined into a compound sentence
We saw the Grand Canyon, and we visited Phoenix
and Saguaro.
a) Two simple sentence:
I like roller skating. I like ice-skating better.
b) Combined into a Compound Sentence
I like roller skating, but I like ice-skating better.