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N eet t N eet t N eet t

l a
l i
a .i.N
XII-STD- CHEMISTRY
lalai .i.N
Ore wetted by oil
lalai .i.N
Products are in equilibrium-not UNIT-2-P-BLOCK -ELEMENTS

a s
a aa
s MINIMUM MATERAIL
a s
a aa
s
Impurities wetted by water
a s
a aa
s
always true Anomalous properties of P- bloc

add (Based on Public key answer)

P
.. Paadd Zns, PbS
P
..
What is role of Depressing
Paadd What is Ellingham diagram

.P
Temperature Vs Free energy
.
Small size, High I.energy
electronegativity,
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UNIT-1- METALLURGY agent Explain Electrolytic refining absence of d- orbital
Define mineral and ore ,example Depressing agent NaCN Cathode; Pure Ag Define Inert pair effect

et
Mineral-metal free or combined Forming Zinc complex Anode; impure Ag Outer ns electron (reluctance)
state Ex-China clay Na2(Zn(CN)4 Electrolyte; aq.Silver nitrate Does not take part in bonding.
Ore-High percentage of metal- Cementation-Zero oxidation Anode;Ag->Ag+ +1e- How will Identify borate radical

.N
Bauxite
N eet t state
N eet t N eet t
Cathode-> Ag+ +1e- ->Ag H3BO3+3 C2H5OH-> B(OC2H5)3

l a
l i
a .i.N
Why Bauxite ore but china clay is
l a
l i
a .i.N
Write Magnetic separation
l a
l i
a .i.N
Impurities are settled at bottom of + 3H20- ( H2SO4) Green Flame

s aa mineral-China clay
s aa
Used for ferro magnetic
s aa
anode –Anode mud. Structure of Diborane

ai
a a s a a s a a s
add dd dd
Baxuite-High percentage of metal substance Write about Zone Refining (Draw the Structure Here Refer
Profitable extraction
P
.. Paa P
..P
Magnetic- Tinstone Chromiteaa .P
Fractional Crystallization
.
the book) SP3-hybridisation

al
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China clay-Low Percentage of metal
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Non-magnetic- Wolframite
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Impurities are in molten region 4 terminal B-H bond covalent-

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Concentration of ore& Gangue
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Ore-near the magnetic region
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Inert atmosphere-prevent (2c-2e). 2 three centre B-H-B
bond(3C-2e)four SP3 hybrid

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Ore+Non metallic +rocky material Impurities-Away from the oxidation . Ex-Ge,Ga,Si
+Silicieous matter- Gangue magnetic region Vapour phase method orbital in B-atom
Remove this impurities What is Roasting , Calcination requirement Preparation of Alum

eet t
What is Gravity separation or
eet t
Presence of oxygen
t t
Metal+ suitable reagent->Volatile
ee K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.4Al(OH)3+6H2SO4

a s
a aa
s l a
l a N
.i.N
(Hydraulic wash)
i
Ore-high specific gravity
Impurities-low specific gravity
a s
a
ad
aa
s lal i
a N
.i.N
2PbS+3O2->2PbO+2SO2
Absence of oxygen
PbCO3->PbO+CO2
a s
a aa
s lal
metal i
a N
.i.N
compound decompose→pure

Mond process
→K2SO4+3Al2( SO4)3 + 12H2O
How will prepare Burnt alum
K2SO4.Al2( SO4)3.24H2O->

add dd dd
.P
Example gold P
.. Pa
Impurities washed away by water
a Function of lime stone in
smelting P
.. Paa Ni+4CO->Ni(CO)4 (350K)
Ni(CO)4->Ni+4CO (460K)
.P
.
K2SO4.Al2( SO4)3 + 24H2O
Write about Hydroboration
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Write about Froth flotation- CaO +SiO2->CasiO3 Van Arkel method B2H6+6CH=CHR->2B(RCH-CH2R)3
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Sulphide ore, PbS,Zns Flux +Gangue →Slag Ti(Zr)+2I2->Ti (Zr)I4 (550K) CO Reducing agent
Pine oil Eucalyptus oil-frothing Limitation of Ellingham Ti(Zr)I4->Ti(Zr)+2I2 (1800K) 3CO+Fe2O3->2Fe +3CO2
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agent .SodiumEthyl xanthate- diagram What are the uses of Zinc Write McAfee process

eet
Write Alumino thermic process
t
Cr2O3+2Al->Al2O3+2Cr
N reaction
N eet
Does not tell about rate of
t Galvanization
eet t
Coating of Zn on Iron
N
Al2O3+3C+3Cl2->2AlCl3+3CO2
2Al+3Cl2→ 2AlCl3(10000C)
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lalai.i.N
What is Auto reduction
a i
a .i.N
Does not about Possibilities of
l l l a
l i
a .i.N
Prevent the rust and corrosion. Prepared by

a s
a aa
s HgS+O2->Hg +SO2 ( nv)
aasaa
sother reaction
a s
a aa
s
Brass-water valves,Die-casting N.Vellaichamy M.sc.B.ed

add dd dd
∆G assumption reactants and ZnS-Luminous paint.

P
.. Paa P
.. Paa .P
.
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N eet t N eet t N eet t

l a
l i
a .i.N
Write the Uses of Alum
lalai .i.N
Write the Uses of silicone
lalai .i.N
Properties UNIT-4 TRANSITION & INNER

a s
a aa
s Purification of water
a s
a aa
s s
Insulating material in electrical
a a aa
s Central atom will large TRANSITION ELEMENTS.

add Used in textiles dyeing, paper

P
.. Paa
industries, Styptic agent (arrest
dd motor
P
.. Paa
Making water proofing clothes
dd Btw only two halogen (not more
than two)
.P
.
Catalytic properties of d-block
Energetically available d-orbital
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Bleeding) (nv) Mixed with paints(high F-small size(Central atom) Accept e- from reactingmolecules
What is Catenation-Conditions thermal, sun light resistance), F-small size High electro negativity Alkenes--- Alkanes (H2/Ni)

et
Valency equal to 2 or 2 < Low temperature lubricants, High co-ordination number Alloys formation of d-Block (1 st)
Ability bond with itself High temperature oil bath Auto ionisation. Interstitial compound d-block
Self bond must be strong UNIT-3-P-BLOCK ELEMENTS Strong oxidizing agent Similar atomic Small atom

.N
eet t
compared with other
N N eet t
(Study book question)
N eet
Define Bends t size (C,N,B)

l a
l i
a .i.N
Kinetic inertness of molecule
l l i
a .i.N
What is Holmes signal.?
a l a
l i
a .i.N
Air+Oxygen mixture making pain One atom can One atom

s aa Graphite Diamond
s aa
Calciumcarbide+Calcium
s aa In divers body->Called bends replaced by trapped in

ai
a a s a a s a a s
add dd dd
Soft Hard phosphide->Phosphine ↑ + What Happens PCl5Heated other atom in interstitial
Conduct
P P
Not conduct
.. aa P
..Pa
Acetylene (thrown into sea)
a PCl5->PCl3+Cl2
.P
.
crystal lattice hole in a

al
electricity
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Electricity
ww
Phospine- catches fire and
ww
What are the Uses of He,Ar gases Ex Au-Cu lattice Ex TiC

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3
SP SP2 ignite acetylene-Burning gases Used in cryogenic (nv) Formation of complex d-block

as
hybridisation hybridisation signal to ships Used in air ballons Small size, high charge,
C-C length C-C length1.54 Estimation of Ozone Electric arc welldind (inert Vaccant low energy orbitals
0
1.41 A A0 O3 +2KI+H2O->2KOH+O2+I2 atmosphere) Accept the e-from ligand
Use
eet t Use
eet t
Test for Sulphate
eet t
He-O2-used for dives(sea) Example -[Fe(CO)6]-4.

a s
a aa
s l a
l i
a N
.i.N
Hard tools
Rock trilling
Graphite oil

Fisher Tropsch synthesis . >50 atm

a s
a
ad
aa
s lal a N
.i.N
BaCl2+H2SO4->BaSO4 +2HCl
i
Deacon’s Process
4HCl+O2 Cu2Cl2->2H2O+2Cl2
a s
a aa
s lal i
a N
.i.N
Prevent the oxidation OF filament
Life time of filament will be high
Fluorine oxidation state -1 why?
Position of lanthanoids P.table
3rd group 6 th period
Electron filled in 4f subshell

add dd dd
.P
nCO+(2n+1)H2->CnH2n+ 2+ nH2O
P
.. Paa
nCO+ 2nH2 ->CnH2n +nH2O(500-700K) Ca(OH)2+Cl2→CaOCl2+H2O P
.. Paa
Preparation Bleaching Powder High electronegativity
Absence of d-orbital
.P
.
[Xe]4f1-145d0-1 6S2
Oxidatation state is+3
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Write Uses of Borax What is Royl water(aquaregia) Why fluorine more reactive than Similar Physical and chemical
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Identification of coloured metal 3Part Hcl +1Part Con.HNO3 others properties.

ions Used for flux, preservatives Prepare Bleaching powder Minimum F-F dissociation energy Write Lanthanoid contraction
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Manufacture of optical glass, Ca(OH)2+CL2->CaOCL2+H2O Sulphuric acid is dehydrating agent Atomic or ionic radii decreases
Explain about Inter Halogen HCOOH+H2SO4->CO+H2SO4.H2O
enamels

N eet t Compounds
N eet t eet t
(COOH)2+H2SO4->CO+ CO2
N
Atomic number is increases
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Uses Of Sulphuric acid Cause-Imperfect shielding effect

lalai.i.N
Drying agent,Pigment,Explosive,
a i
a .i.N
Definition
l l l a
l i
a .i.N
H2SO4.H2O (nv) Consequence-Basicity decreases

a s
a aa
s Fertilizer, other chemical HCl,HNO3
aasaa
s Each halogen combine with
a s
a aa
s Onic character increases but

add dd dd
other halogen Ex; ICL covalent character increases

P
.. Paa P
.. Paa .P
.
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N eet t N eet t N eet t

l a
l i
a .i.N
Similarities Decreases in atomic or
lalai .i.N
VBT-(Valence bond Theory)
lalai .i.N
Double salt Cordinatination Define Point defect

a s
a aa
s Ionic radii 10 pm or 20 pm
a s
a aa
s
Ligand-metal (covalent nature)
a s
a aa
s Salt & Complex (must Diagram for all defects)

add Zr-145 pm (4d series)

Hf-144Pm(5dseries) both have
P
.. Paadd Metal-Vaccant orbital
P
.. P add
Ligand- contain lone pair of e-
a constituted
ions
constituted

.P
.
ions properties
Missing of atom, displaced atom,
Extra atom, deficiency of atom
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similar chemical Properties Ligand orbital +metal orbital- properties are are not same will make imperfection in crystal
Lanthanoids Actinoids Hybridisation same donot Lose its lattice Ex NaCl

et
Electron enter Electron enter Number of ligands attached to Lose its identity in What is Schottky defect
in 4f orbital in 5f orbital central atom-Coordination identity in liquid state Missing of equal number of
4f binding 4f binding number) liquid state may or may not cation and anion from the crystal

.N
eet t
energy high
N
energy low
N eet t
nd orbital involved in
ee
Equimolar
N t t Equimolar lattice, affect density -Ex NaCl

l a
l i
a .i.N
Complex Complex
l l i
a .i.N
Hybridisation are called outer
a l a
l i .i.N
Proportion
a Proportion What is Frenkel defect

s aa forming less forming

s aa
orbital complex nv
s aa Dislocation of ions from the

ai
UNIT-6 –SOLID STATE
a a s a a s a a s
add dd dd
Colourless higher nd orbital involved in Define Unit cell Crystal lattice,not affect density
No oxocation
P
.. Paa
Colour(U+3red)
P
..Paa
Hybridisation are called outer
.P
Basic repeating structural unit of
.
Missing ions occupies Interstitial

al
Common
w
w
Form xocation orbital complex
ww crystalline solid
ww position. Ex -Ag Br
oxi.state-+3
wwww
Common
wwww
Strong field ligand pairup e- CO
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What Co-ordination number BCC ? Metal excess M.Deficiency

as
(+2,+4) oxi.state-+3 Limitation of VBT-Theory The number of nearest neighbours More number Less number
(+2,+4) Doesnot explain colour of the that surrounding a particle BCC-8 of metal ion of metal ion
UNIT-5- complex Primitive & nonPrimitive unit cell Low number High number

e t t
CO-ORDINATION CHEMISTRY
e eet t
Explain only magnetic moment
e t t
-Unit cell contain one type of
e of anion of anion

a s
a aa
s l a
l i N
.i.N
Explain About Werner’s theory
a
10Valency-Oxidation state
20Valency –Co-ordination number
a s
a
ad
aa
s lal a N
.i.N
Not other magnetic property
i
Does not explain why some
complex are inner and some
a s
a aa
s l l i N
.i.N
lattice Point .Unit cell contain
a a
additional lattice point.
Number of atom in SC,FCC,BCC,
Ex NaCl
Define F-Center
Ex FeO

The anionic vacancy are filled by

add dd dd
.P
10Valency-positive or Zero
P
..
20Valency –-positive ,negativePaa are outer orbital complex –
same metal P
.. Paa SC
Nc/8
BCC
.P
.
FC
Nc/8+Nb/8 Nc/8+Nf/2
unpaired by Electrons
Write about Impurity defect
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neutral. Crystal field stabilization energy =8/8=1 8/8+1/1 8/8+6/2 Adding impurity ions
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Inner sphere- Co-Ordination Sphere CFSE ∆E0={E L.F}-{E iso} =2 =3 Add CdCl2 to silver chloride(Agcl)
Outer sphere- Ionisation Sphere Solvated Isomerism(Hydrate) Write about Bragg’s equation Cd+2 Occupies the Ag+ ions
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10Valency- Non-directional Exchange of Solvent molecule nλ=2dsinθ SC- 52.31, r=a/2, л a3/6 x100/a3
20Valency –directional in Crystal lattice [Cr(H2O)6Cl3]

N eet t eet t
What is Linkage isomerism
N N eet t
λ-Wave length d-Distance BCC-68, r=√3𝑎/4, √3 л a3/8
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Limitation of werners theory x100/a3

lalai.i.N
Does not explain
l a
l i
a .i.N
Ambidentate ligand to central
l a
l i
a .i.N
θ-angle diffraction , n-order
Why Ionic crystal hard & brittle FCC-74 ,r=√2𝑎/4, √2л a3/6

a s
a aa
s Colour,Magnetic properties
aasaa
smetal atom-2 donar atom nv)
a s
a aa
s Strong E.static Force of attraction x100/a3

add dd dd Ionic bond Non directional

P
.. Paa P
.. Paa .P
.
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N eet t N eet t N eet t

l a
l i
a .i.N
UNIT-7-CHEMICAL KINETICKS
lalai .i.N
Average & Instantaneous rate
lalai .i.N
N,vellaichamy M.sc.B.Ed CH3COOH+CH3COONa( A.Buffer)

a s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s A.rate=
a s
a aa
s UNIT-8- IONIC EQUILIBRIUM NH4Cl+NH4OH( Basic Buffer)

add Rate ofReaction

Speed at which
P
.. Pa
Rate Constant
add
Proportionality
P
.. Paa
Con. of Reactant/change in
dd
Final con.of Reactant- Initial Arrhenius
Substance
L.Bronsted

.P
.
Substance
What is Buffer Index
β =dB/d(PH)
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time (nv) + Henderson –haselbalch equation
reactant- constant which give H Which give
>products Rate of Define half life period -acid -HCl Proton –acid [H3O+]=Ka[acid]/[base]

et
Measured by reaction=Rate Time required for the reactant Substance HCL [H3O+]=Ka[acid]/[salt]
Concentration constant concentration reach to one half which give Substance PH=PKa+log [salt]/[Acid]
of reactants or (Con of its initial value t1/2=0.693/k OH- Base- which accept POH =PKb+log [salt]/[base]

.N
eet t
↑Concentration
N
reactant is
N eet t
Define Pseudo First order NaOH
N eet t proton base- Define Solublity product

l a
l i .i.N
of Products
a unity)
l l i
a .i.N
Second order reaction altered
a l a
l i
a .i.N NH3 Ksp=[xn+]m [ym-]n

s aa Depends upon Does not

s aa s aa
to first order by taking one of Define Salt Hydrolysis

ai
Write about Lewis concept
a a s a a s a a s
add dd dd
the initial con. Depends upon the reactant large excess Substance which Accept e- pair - Acid+Base->salt +water
Of reactants
P Paa
the initial con.
.. P
..Pa
Example ester hydrolysis
a .P
acid-BF3. The Substance which
.
Water+anion or cation (both)

al
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Of reactants
ww
Write Arrhenius equation
ww
Donate e- pair -Base- Ex-NH3 react with water
Order of
wwww
-------------------- K=Ae-Ea/RT
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Define PH and POH Unit -9-Electro chemistry

as
reaction Molecularity A-Frequency factor PH= -log10[H3O+] Kohlraush’s law
1)Sum of the of reaction R-gas constant POH= -log10[OH-] At infinite dilution – limiting
power of the 1Total number Ea-Activation energy What is Ostwald dilution law molar conductivity of an

ee
con termt t of reactants
eet t
T-Absolute temperature
t t
CH3COOH↔CH3COO-+H+(acid)
ee electrolyte is equal to some of

a s
a aa
s l a
l i N
.i.N
involved in the
a
experimentally
determined rate
species
involved in
elementary
a s
a
ad
aa
s lal a N
.i.N
Derive Integrated first order
i
-d[A]/[A]=Kdt,
Ln [A0]/[A]=Kt
a s
a aa
s lal a N
.i.N
α= Ka/c, [H+]=KaC [OH-]= KbC
i
α= number of moles dissociated
total no.of moles
the limiting molar conductivity of
its constitutents ions
(Λ0m)Ax BY=x((Λ0m)Ay++ Y((Λ0m)b x-

add dd dd
.P
law step .
P
..
2)Not to bePaa K=2.303/t log [A0]/[A]
P
.. Paa
Derive Integrated Zero order
Define Common Ion Effect
.P
.
Dissociation of weak acid-
Derive Nernst equation
xA+yB↔l C+m D
2)Zero or
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Fractional or Zero Fractional -d[A]/dt=K(1) ,K=[A0]-[A]/t suppressed by salt of weak acid Q=[C]l[D]m/[A]x[B]y
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Integer number Example for first order CH3COOH↔CH3COO-+H+(acid) ∆G=∆G0+RTlan Q

3)It assigned for Always Whole Isomerisation ofcyclopropane CH3COONa->CH3COO-+Na+(Salt) Ecell= E 0cell-2.303RT/nF log
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over all reaction number. to propene,Decomposition of CH3COONa-Common ion [C]l[D]m/[A]x[B]y

H2O2,Decomposition of SO2 CL2 Farday’s first and second law

N eet t 3)It assigned

each eet t
Example for Zero order
N N eet
LeChateliers principle
t Ist law m α Q , m α It , m=Zit
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Buffer solution(action)

lalai.i.N (Nv)
elementary
l a
l i
a .i.N
H2+I2->2HI(light)
l a
l i
a .i.N
The resist the drastic change in its IInd law

a s
a aa
s step of
aasaa
s Decomposition ofN2O
a s
a aa
s PH Value-by Addition of acid or mN i α ZNi , mCu α ZCu

add dd dd
mechanism Iodination of Acetone(A.med) Base mNi =ZNi/mCu =ZCu

P
.. Paa P
.. Paa .P
.
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N eet t N eet t N eet t

l a
l i
a .i.N
Define Electrochemical Series
lalai .i.N
Define Brownian movement
lalai .i.N 10alcohol+I2/P-Alkyl iodide

a s
a aa
s Decreasing order Std Electro
a s aa
s
Random, Zig -Zag motion of
a a s aa
s
Homogeneous Heterogeneous
a
10alcohol→red colour

add chemical potential value

P
..
Greater E0 value-Low Corrossion
Paadd Define Helmholtz double layer
P
..
Surface of colloidal particle
Paadd Catalyst
Reactant
Catalyst
Reactant
.P
.
10alcohol→blue colour
10alcohol→no colour
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Molar & Equivalent conductance adsorb one layer type of ions product & product & Test to differentiate alcohol and
Λm=ƙ(Sm-1)x10-3 Λm=ƙ(Sm-1)x10-3 Due to Preferential adsorbtion catalyst are catalyst are phenol

et
M N This layer attracts opposite same phase different phase Phenol+Benzenediazonium
Mol-1 m-3 gramEqui-1 m3 charge ions of medium Define Gold number chloride->red orange
Unit-10-Surface Chemistry Define Electrophoresis The number of milligrams of Ethanol no reaction

.N
eet
Che.Adsorb
N t Phy.Adsorb
N eet t
Migration of sol particle under
N eet t
Hydrophilic colloid Phenol+neutral ferric chloride->

l a
l i
a .i.N
Slow Fast
l l i
a .i.N
the influence of electrical
a a i .i.N
That will prevent precipitation of
l l a purple colour

s aa s aa
current
s aa Ethanol no reaction

ai
Specific Non specific 10 ml gold sol on addition of 10%
a a s a a s a a s
add dd dd
Monolayer Multilayer Sol particle move to cathode NaCl solution Phenol+NaOH->Sodium

P
Transfer the e- No e- transfer
.. Paa P
..Pa
If Its carries positive charge
a .P
Gold number α Protective power
.
phenoxide

al
40-400KJ/mol
w
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Heat 40KJ/Mol
ww
Sol particle move to anode
ww
Define positive and negative Ethanol no reaction
Freundlich isotherm
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If Its carries negative charge catalyst
wwww Write about Dows process

as
x/m=Kp1/n , log x/m=logK+1/n log P Define Electro Osmosis Substance increase the catalyst Chlorobenzene+NaOH->
Explain Theories of catalyst Migration of Dispersion speed –Positive catalyst Sodium Phenoxide+HCl->Phenol
Intermediate Adsorbtion Medium under the influence of Substance Decrease the catalyst Schotten Baumann reaction

e
A+B->AB
et t i)reactant
eet
electrical field
t e t t
speed –Negative catalyst
e Phenol+Acetyl chloride->

a s
a aa
s l a
l i N
.i.N
A+C->AC
a
AC+B->AB+C
C-catalyst
molecule
diffuse from
bulk to catalyst
a
ad lal a N
.i.N
Medium move in opposite
i
direction of sol particle
s
a aa
s
Define Floculation value
a s
a aa
s lal i
a N
.i.N
UNIT-11- HYDROXY DERIVATIVES
Write about lucas test
10alcohol+ZnCl2->no reaction
Aceto phenone
Williamson ether synthesis
Phenol+NaOH->Sodium

add dd dd
.P
Example ii)reactant
P
.. Paa Minimum concentarion (milli
P
..
mole/Lit) required to cause Paa 20alcohol+ZnCl2-> turbidity-slow
.P
.
30alcohol+ZnCl2->turbidity –fast
phenoxide+CH3I->Anisole
Kolbe’s schmit reaction
I) 2Cu+1/2O2
w
adsorb on
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->CU2O catalyst precipitation of sol in 2 hours Note- Study All the Naming Phenol+NaOH->Sodium
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ii) Cu2O+H2 iii)activated Flocu.. value α 1/precipitation Reaction and 2 Mechanism phenoxide+CO2-> Sodium
->H2O+2Cu complex Define Promoter salicylate-Hydrolysis->salicylic
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iv) desorbtion Substance increase the catalyst Explain Victor Mayer test acid
speed .example Mo for Fe

N eet t eet t
Define Catalytic Poison
N eet t
10alcohol+I2/P-Alkyl iodide
N
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lala .i.N
Define Tyndall effect
i
Scattering of light by Collidal
l a
l i
a .i.N
Substance increase the catalyst
l a i
a .i.N
Alky iodide+AgNO2->Nitro alkane
l Prepared by

a s
a aa
s Particle-T yndall effect (nv)
aasaa
s
speed. example-CO for pt
a s aa
s
NitroAlkane+HNO2->resultant sol
a
N.Vellaichamy M.SC.Bed

add dd dd
Define Auto catalyst Resultant solution+KOH

P
.. Paa P
.. Paa .P
.
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N eet t N eet t N eet t

l a
l i
a .i.N
UNIT-12 CARBONYL COMPOUND
lalai .i.N
Any one of the product act as
lalai .i.N
Carbonycarbon involved in

a s
a aa
s Urotrophine,Hexamethlenetetramin
a s
a aa
scatalyst (nv)
a s
a aa
sGlycosidic linkage-non red sugar Hormone Vitamins

add 6HCHO+ 4NH3->(CH2)6N4 + 6 H2O

P
..
Uses - urinary infection,RDX
Paadd Test For Carboxylic Acid
Blue litmus to red
P
.. Paadd Essential & non Essential A. acid

.P
.
Amino acid can be synthesized our
Organic
substance
Organic
substance
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Write about Popoff’s rule Acid +Sodium bicarbonate -> body –non-Essential (Thr,Val) Secreted by Not synthesis
Unsymmetrical ketone Evolution of CO2 Amino acid cannot be synthesized tissue by body

et
Keto group with smaller alkyl group Acid+Con.H2SO4->Ester our body –obtained by Diet Endocrine Used for
CH3CH2CH2-CO-CH3----→ (fruity odour) Essential(Gly,Ala) gland make growth
CH3CH2COOH +CH3COOH UNIT-14-BIO-MOLECULES Define Isoelectric point hormone mantainance

.N
eet t
Aldol Condensation(Pg.no 161-162)
N N eet t
Carbohydrate r optically active
N eet t
At Particular PH-charge of amino Ex insulin Ex A,B,C

l a
l i
a .i.N
Acetaldehyde-----> Acetaldol
l l i
a .i.N
Presence of one or more chiral
a l a
l i
a .i.N
acid is neutral Write Deficiency & vitamins

s aa Cannizaro reaction (Pg.No 166-167)

s aa
Carbon
s aaWhat is Zwitter Ion(structure)

ai
Rickets-Vitamin –D
a a s a a s a a s
add dd dd
Benzaldehyde-------→ Benzyl alcohol What type of linkage hold Amino acid contain both positive & Scurvy-Vitamin-C
Write the Test for Aldehyde
P
.. Paa together monomer of DNA?
P
..Paa .P
negative charge at particular PH
.
Carbohydrate Optically active

al
w
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Tollens reagent(amm.AgNO3)
ww
Phospho diester bond 5 OH of What is Peptide bond
ww Carbohydrate Contain one or

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Fehling solution A (aqu.CuSO4)
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nucleotide and 3 OH of
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First amino acid –carboxyl group more Chiral carbon

as
Fehling solution B ( alkaline. another nucleotide
Na,K tatrate) What is mutarotation
Benedicts soln(CuSO4+Na citrate + Sugar =water-interconversion
NaOH)
eet t eet t
Α-glucose to β-glucose
Second a.acid-Amino group
Amide linkage.
What is Denaturation of Protein
t t
Losing of higher order structure
ee
What are the Types of RNA ?
r-RNA, m-RNA, t-RANA
What is Glycosidic linkage ?
Two mono saccharide are linked

a s
a aa
s l a
l a N
.i.N
Schiff’s reagent(Rosaniline HCl
i
+Water +SO2)
Tollens reagent +CHO
a s
a
ad
s lal a N
.i.N
Specific rotation +530
i
Epimers and Epimerisation
aa a s
a
Sugar differing in configuration aa
s lal i
a
DNA
N
.i.N
without losing primary structure

Deoxyribo
RNA
Ribo sugar
by Oxide linkage
UNIT-15
CHEMISTRY IN EVERY DAY LIFE

add dd dd
.P
Silver mirror (Ag ppt)
P
..
Fehling solution+CHO->Red pptPaa At asymmetric centre
P
.. P
One epimer is converted toaa sugar
life time high
lifetime high
.P
.
not replicate
Define Antibiotic
Medicine kill the Pathogenic
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Benitic Reagent+CHO-> Red ppt another epimer replicate unstable bacteria Ex Pencilins
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Schiff’s reagent+CHO->Red colour D glucose-D-mannose stable A=U C=G Define Food preservatives
What is formalin and its uses D- galactose A=T G=C Its inhibit or areresting the
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40 % of formaldehyde What is invert sugar(sucrose) What type of linkage in DNA processes of fermentation
Preserve the Biological Specimens Equakl amount of glucose and
eet t
What is Vinegar
N fructose
N eet t N eet
Hydrogen Bonding,
t Or Acidification or decomposition
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Base-Stacking interaction of food by micro organism

lalai.i.N
6-8 % solution of Acetic acid
a i
a .i.N
Optical rotation of reaction
l l l a i
a .i.N
Define Enzyme
l Ex-Acetic acid

a s
a aa
s aasaa
s reaction mixture changes from
a s
a aa
s Boi Chemical rxn Catalysed by

add dd dd
Prepared by N.Vellaichamy dextro to levo Catallytic protein-Ex Sucrase Hard Works never Fails

P
.. Paa P
.. Paa .P
.
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N eet t N eet t N eet t

l a
l i
a .i.N lalai .i.N
Reducing & non reducing sugar
lalai .i.N
Penta acetate indicate- Define Co-Polymer &Example

a s
a aa
s Antiseptic Disinfectants
a s
a aa
sCarbonycarbon not involved in
a s
a aa
sFive OH group presence Polymer contain two different

add Stop or slow

down the
Stop or slow
down the
P
.. Paadd P
..
Carbonycarbon involved in
Pa
Glycosidic linkage-red sugar
add Fructose +Na Hg/reduction

.P
.
Sorbitol +mannitol presence of
kinds of monomer Ex Nylon 6,6
Define polymer
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growth of growth of Glycosidic linkage- non red Ketone. Combination of monomer give
micro organism micro organism sugar. Crystalline Amorphous polymer is called polymerization.

et
Applied on Applied on non Explain Cleansing action of soap Long range Short range
Living tissue living things Soap action (Palmitate )- order order
H2 O2 Alcohol carboxylate ion Definite shape Irregular shape

.N
eet t
What is Bio-degradable polymer
N N eet t
Hydro carbon-Non polar
N eet
Definite Heatt Not definite

l a
l i .i.N
Ploymer readily decomposed by-
a l l i
a .i.N
Carboxyl group-Polar
a l a
l i
a .i.N
of fusion heat of fusion

s aa s aa
Polar-Hydrophilic –attract H2O
s aa Anisotropic Isotropic

ai
micro organism Ex-PHB,PLA
a a s a a s a a s
add dd dd
Sweeting agent for Diabetic patient nonPolar-Hydrophobic- Soluble True solid Pseduo solid
Aspartame Alitame, Saccharin,
P
.. Paa oil and grease
P
..Paa .P
Heaxgonal C.P Cubic C.P
.

al
Sucralose
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Water molecule attached ABA
w
ABC
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Define VulcaniZation
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Hydrophilic called- micelles arrangement
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Arrangement

as
Natural rupper is not strong or Write Structure of Glucose 3rd layer 3rd layer not
Elastic ,Properties of natural rupper Molecular Formula C6H12O6 resembles first resembles first
modified by process. Glucose +HI->n-Hexane Layer layer Prepared by

e t t
Sulphur used for change Physical
e eet t
Indicate six Carbon atom
e t
Tetra hedral
e t Octa hedral N.vellaichamy M.sc.B.ed

a s
a aa
s l a
l i
a N
.i.N
properties
Thermoplastic Thermosetting
Linear Cross linked
a s
a
ad
s lal a N
.i.N
Glucose+Br2->Gluconic acid
i
Indicate -CHO presence
aa
Glucose +acetic anhydride –
a s
a aa
s l l i N
.i.N
voids created
a a
Tetrahedral
void
voids greated
Octahedral
void
Department of Chemistry
Ponnu Matric Higher sec. School
Dharapuram

add dd dd
.P
Remoulded Not remoulded
Soft on Heating Not soft on P
.. Paa Penta acetate indicate-
P
..
Five OH group presence. Paa Sphere of 2 nd Sphere of 2 nd
layer above
.P
.
layer partially
Tiruppur district
For More details7010431615
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Hard on cooling Heating Write Structure of Fructose void of first cover void of nvchamychemist@gmail.com
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Ex-PVC infusible mass Molecular Formula C6H12O6 layer first layer Be confidence Face Every thing
on heating Glucose +HI->n-Hexane Closed back n Closed back n in the universe – All the Best .
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Ex-Bakelite Indicate six Carbon atom Voids equal to Voids equal to If you find Mistake Please
Glucose+Br2-> no reaction Correct it or Consult Your

N et t
Classify the following polymer
e eet t
Indicate -CHO absence
N
2n

N eet t n
Teacher .
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.i.N .i.N .i.N

Bakelite-Cross linked polymer Four spheres Six spheres

aalalai
Nylon-Linear Polymer (nv)
aal a
l i
a
Glucose +acetic anhydride –
aal a i
a
joined
l joined

a s
a s Polythene-Linear polymer
aass a s
a s
add P
.. Padd
a P
.. Paadd
.P
.
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N eet t N eet t N eet t

l a
l i
a .i.N lalai .i.N lalai .i.N
a s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
add P
.. Paadd P
.. Paadd
.P
.
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et
.N
N eet t N eet t N eet t
l a
l i
a .i.N l a
l i
a .i.N l a
l i
a .i.N
s aa s aa s aa

ai
a a s a a s a a s
add P
.. Paadd P
..Paadd
.P
.

al
w
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as
eet t eet t eet t
a s
a aa
s l a
l i
a N
.i.N ad
a s
a aa
s lal i
a N
.i.N
a s
a aa
s lal i
a N
.i.N
add dd dd
.P
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa .P
.
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w
w

N eet t N eet t N eet t

w

lalai.i.N l a
l i
a .i.N l a
l i
a .i.N
a s
a aa
s aasaa
s a s
a aa
s
add P
.. Padd
a P
.. Paadd
.P
.
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