Lab Manual CPM

CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT LAB
LAB MANUAL
MSCI-3209
Department of Civil Engineering
KHAWAJA FAREED UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
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Prepared by:
CIEN .
Submitted to:
ENGR. MUHAMMAD NAVEEED ISHAQ
Department of Civil Engineering
KHAWAJA FAREED UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
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Preface
Construction Management is both an art and a science, and is something that is usually quite
hard to do. It is hard because one has to look at a broad range of variables, and try and guess
what effect each variable will have on a construction project. A work schedule is required for
any type of project regardless of whether it is small or large to estimate the completion date of
the project and the project tasks. Therefore, it is a good decision to create a schedule before the
beginning of a project. Primavera P6 and Microsoft Project are scheduling tools that are used to
create schedules to demonstrate what needs to be done, by which resources, and when. In this
laboratory manual, students will learn how to create a sample construction project schedule or
how to manage a construction project in Primavera P6 with the help of some construction project
examples.
Note:
 The laboratory manual is attended to provide undergraduate engineering students an

understanding of basic concepts of construction project management.
 Blank spaces are provided for comments, justifications and discussions on the modeled
and designed structures.
 Any comments/suggestions by students will be highly appreciated.
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Laboratory Guidelines
1. Attendance is compulsory in all labs. Only in case of emergency, the make-up lab will be
scheduled well in advance with the consent of the faculty.
2. Use of cell phones, personnel audio or video equipment is strictly prohibited in the class.
3. Performance of any unauthorized task/experiment is strictly forbidden in the lab.
Lab Safety:
1. Never leave the running software on computer.

2. Don’t delete any file/application from the computer.
3. Do not play with computer peripherals and wires.
4. Do not change the settings on the computer.
5. Unless and until needed, do not boot any system in the lab.
6. Don't move or shift the C.P.U. from its position.
7. Do not plug in external devices without scanning them for computer viruses.
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Laboratory Etiquette
1. Do not go on unapproved sites.

2. Bring only essentials to the lab bench.
3. No food or drinks near the keyboard.
4. Only use your assigned computer and workstation.
5. Ask permission to download.
6. Save your work often.
7. Turn off the machine once you are done using it.
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Table of Contents
Course Program
Experiment
List of Experiments Learning Learning
No.
Outcomes Outcomes
1. Introduction to construction project management CLO-1 PLO-11
(CPM) CLO-2 PLO-5
2. Breaking the construction work in to activities to CLO-1 PLO-11
plan a project CLO-2 PLO-5
3. Creating a construction project in Primavera P6 CLO-1 PLO-11
software with multiple activities CLO-2 PLO-5
4. Creating Organizational Breakdown Structure (OBS) CLO-1 PLO-11
in Primavera P6 CLO-2 PLO-5
5. Creating calendar and enterprise project structure CLO-1 PLO-11
(EPS) CLO-2 PLO-5
6. Creating a work breakdown structure (WBS) CLO-1 PLO-11
CLO-2 PLO-5
7. Adding various construction project activities in CLO-1 PLO-11
Primavera P6 software CLO-2 PLO-5
8. Project scheduling & assigning predecessors to CLO-1 PLO-11
construction project activities on Primavera P6 CLO-2 PLO-5
9. Allocating resources in Primavera P6 CLO-1 PLO-11
CLO-2 PLO-5
10. Assigning cost information to a task CLO-1 PLO-11
CLO-2 PLO-5
COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES:
CLO Learning Taxonomy Related

CLO Statement
No. Domain Level PLO
1 Plan various activities to monitor physical
Cognitive 6 11
and financial progress of a project
2 Discuss application of Primavera software
Cognitive 2 5
in planning of projects
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EXPERIMENT # 01
INTRODUCTION TO CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT (CPM)
Aim:
To introduce the basics of construction project management and software used to mange
projects.
Requirement:
A construction project, list of resources, project professional software e.g., Microsoft Project or
Primavera P6 etc.
Related Theory:
 Construction Management is both an art and a science, and is something that is usually
quite hard to do. It is hard because one has to look at a broad range of variables, and try
and guess what effect each variable will have on a construction project. For example, a
construction manager in the middle of a project will have to take into account the
following:
o the weather,
o the availability of construction workers who may be sick or may not feel like showing
up for work,
o the fact that some materials are out of stock just when they are needed,
o the availability or non-availability of key equipment like cranes,
o changes made to the existing design by architects and clients the previous evening,
o juggling the work of 20 or more different trades at the same time,
o surprise discoveries of electrical cables below the ground that no-one knew about,
o inspections and permitting delays by government authorities
 It is the inter-relationships between all these variables and the effect they will have on the
project that creates complexity in project management. Compounding these problems is
the team from the owners of the building, who often sit in plush offices far from the
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construction site, have little understanding of the difficulties in building construction, and
demand that the project be finished before time.
 It is these difficulties that make it both extremely challenging, as well as extremely
rewarding if done right.
 Construction management is best done by people with a detailed knowledge of building
construction, such as civil engineers or architects. However, some aspects of this work,
such as financial planning or procurement, can be done by people who do not have a
construction background. With enough training and experience, a layman can gain
enough expertise to work as a construction project manager.
 Construction management can be performed by different agencies in a project. It can be
done by the contractors working on the project, by the owners of the project, by
independent consultants hired by the owners, by the designers of the project, or by the
investors in a project. It is important to note that each agency may have differing aims
and motivations in a project. For example, a contractor may want to increase the costs of
the building, and an owner may want to decrease it. Independent consultants may wish to
delay the project, as they are paid a monthly fee to monitor it.
 The main aspects of construction management are:
o construction scheduling
o quality control
o contract management
o procurement management
o construction finance management
CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULING:
 Construction scheduling is done at two different times. First, it is done after the plans are
ready, but before the work starts at the site, in order to work out a timeline and calculate
construction costs for the project.
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 Secondly, it is done during the execution of the project, when the actual schedule may
differ from the planned schedule due to delays, weather, or any number of reasons. In this
case it can also be called project monitoring.
 Construction scheduling should be done by people with an excellent knowledge of
building construction. It is usually done on specialized software such as Primavera, or
Microsoft Project.
 Construction scheduling demands a knowledge of what resources are required to produce
a given outcome. For example, to complete a concrete slab measuring 5,000 ft2 in area, a
contractor may require:
o 2,500 cubic feet of concrete
o 8,000 ft2 of formwork (the mould in which the liquid concrete is poured)
o 10 men
o concrete pumps
o 4 days
o Often, the time taken to finish a job depends on the resources available to the
contractor.
QUALITY CONTROL:
 Quality control is the most difficult part of construction management. Construction is

done in difficult weather, in restricted workspaces like shafts, and on precarious
construction scaffolding by workers that are tired, hungry, cold or hot, and with limited
bathroom access. It is easy for them to take shortcuts to finish off a job.
 A quality control supervisor must know how to check for quality for a vast array of
completely different work items, from excavation in the ground to concrete or steel
fabrication to finishing materials like marble or paint to services like electrical and
plumbing. Quality control demands technical knowledge, and is best done either by
engineers, or people who have years of training in construction quality supervision.
 She or he will have to know the answer to questions such as: what is the correct
proportion of water to add to a concrete mix, how to check whether wooden formwork is
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correctly laid and is perfectly level, how to ensure that the geometry of the building is not
being distorted during construction, and how to provide adequate fire protection to
vertical shafts.
CONTRACT MANAGEMENT:
 Contract management is dealing with the standard issues that crop up during a project.
These include checking contractor's bills and paying them regularly, and dealing with the
numerous issues that could occur, such as:
o the contractor demands additional payment for the steel he is providing, because
though his contract was signed in 2015, he is forced to buy steel in 2017 at a
much higher rate due to global changes in the price of steel.
o the contractor demands additional payment for dumping of debris because a
municipal dumping ground has been shut, and the debris now has to be taken to a
new site much further away.
o the contractor demands an extension of 4 months because the architects and client
made changes to the design while the project was underway.
PROCUREMENT MANAGEMENT:
 Procurement is a huge component in building construction. Think of the vast array of

materials that are present in buildings: light fittings, windows, doors, locks, toilet fittings,
wire, switches, air-conditioning ducts, waterproofing, electrical transformers, pumps,
plants, sound systems: the list is endless.
 Each and every one of these items has to be ordered, paid for, checked when it arrives,
unloaded from trucks, placed in secure storage, and issued to construction workers.
Damaged items and non-functional items need to be replaced. Many items are sourced
internationally, such as Italian marble, German door fittings, or Canadian glulam beams,
requiring negotiations with customs authorities and clearance agents.
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 In addition, it is imperative that each item arrive at the site at exactly the right moment: if
it is too early, there is no space to store it, and money is locked up. If it is too late, then
the project is delayed.
CONSTRUCTION FINANCE MANAGEMENT:
 A large construction project can eat up tens of millions of dollars a month. Planning the
finances for a project is a key activity for both owners and contractors. This planning
demands a detailed knowledge of the project schedule. Once the project schedule is
understood properly, calculations can be made of how much money will be required
every week in order to keep the project running on time. Contingency planning also must
be done for things that could go wrong.
Discussion:
1. Comment on the importance of project management for scheduling a construction work.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Discuss the role of various scheduling software for construction project management.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
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3. How important is the management of the procurement of materials/goods for a

construction project?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
ASSESSMENT RUBRICS:
CLO Performance Excellent Poor (1-0

Good (4 Marks) Fair (3-2 Marks)
# Indicator (5 Marks) Marks)
Project Knows well Knows about Has some idea Has some idea
Management about various various about about
(PLO-11) construction construction construction construction
1. project activities project activities project activities project activities
and manage a and somehow and somehow but could not
project by manage a project manage a project manage a
himself. by himself. with some help. project.
Scale
Modern Tool Efficiently uses Good command Knows about Knows nothing
Usage modern project over various tools some of the tools about modern
(PLO-05) management of modern project of modern project construction
software for management management project
2. planning and software and software and in management
scheduling of somehow plan some way software and
construction and schedules the plan/schedules could not
projects. projects. the projects. plan/schedule
the projects.
Scale
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EVALUATION:
CLO # PLO # Obtained Marks Total Marks

1 11 5
2 5 5
EXPERIMENT # 02
BREAKING THE CONSTRUCTION WORK IN TO ACTIVITIES TO PLAN A

PROJECT
Aim:
To split the construction work in various activities for planning purposes and assigning
predecessors.
Requirement:
Complete detail or scope of work for a construction project.
Related Theory:
PROJECT ACTIVITIES:
 The building block (the smallest unit) of a WBS is the activity, which is a unique unit of
the project that has a specified duration.
 An activity is defined as any function or decision in the project that: consumes time,
resources, and cost.
 Activities are classified to three types:
o Production activities
o Procurement activities
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o Management activities
Production Activities:
 Activities that involve the use of resources such as labor, equipment, material, or
subcontractor.
 This type of activities can be easily identified by reading the project’s drawings and
specifications.
 Examples are: excavation, formwork, reinforcement, concreting, etc.
 Each production activity can have a certain quantity of work, resource needs, costs, and
duration.
Procurement Activities:
 Activities that specify the time for procuring materials or equipment that are needed for a
production activity.
 Examples are: brick procurement, boiler manufacturing and delivery, etc.
Management activities:
 Activities that are related to management decisions such as approvals, vacations, etc.
Project Activities:
 An activity can be as small as “steel fixing of first floor columns” or as large as

“construct first floor columns”.
 This level of details depends on the purpose of preparing the project plan.
 In the pre-construction stages, less detailed activities can be utilized, however, in the
construction stages, detailed activities are required.
ACTIVITIES RELATIONSHIPS:
 In order to identify the relationships among activities, the planning team needs to answer
the following questions for each activity in the project:
o Which activities must be finished before the current one can start?
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o What activities may be constructed concurrently with the current one?

o What activities must follow the current one?
 A circle of activity precedence will result in an impossible plan.
 For example, if activity A precedes activity B, activity B precedes activity C, and activity
C precedes activity A, then the project can never be started or completed.
Task 1: Figure below shows a double span bridge. Break the construction work of the bridge
into activities. The plan will be used for bidding purposes.
Write down the list of activities in table below:
Activity Description
1.
2.
3.
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4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
Task 2: Suppose that a site preparation and concrete slab foundation construction project consist
of nine following activities.
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Assign the relationship between activities by writing predecessors of various activities in

following table:
Activity Description Predecessor

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
Task 3: Enter the Task 2 activities in any project management software and assign predecessors
to activities which is required to be attached to this experiment along with procedure.
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Discussion:
1. What is the importance of activities in a construction project?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Why splitting whole work into smaller activities is needed in project management?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. Why is it needed to assign activities relationships in project management?

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______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
ASSESSMENT RUBRICS:

Scale
2. Modern Tool Efficiently uses Good command Knows about Knows nothing
planning and software and software and in management
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the projects.
Scale
EVALUATION:

1 11 5
2 5 5
EXPERIMENT # 03
CREATING A CONSTRUCTION PROJECT IN PRIMAVERA P6 SOFTWARE

WITH MULTIPLE ACTIVITIES
Aim:
To create a new construction project in Primavera P6 and learn the interface of software.
Requirement:
Primavera P6 software with basic knowledge of project management.
Related Theory & Procedure:
Primavera software products are designed to support the project management needs of
organizations that manage large numbers of projects at one time.
CREATING A NEW PROJECT:
Set Up:
 To create a new project in Primavera P6, you begin by first logging into the primavera P6
Software.
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 Once you have logged in, you should have an interface like this below.
Once you are logged in there are different ways to create a new project. In this experiment, we
shall be looking on at one of the different ways to create a new project. But first, let us
understand the interface.
 The bar by the left-hand side of your screen is known as the Directory Bar.
 The bar by the right is known as the Command Bar.
 The Bar at the top is known as the Tools Bar.
 Right above the tools bar is the tabs or menu.
 Within the P6 interface, there are 3 major interfaces.
 The timeline or table by the left, the Gantt by the right, and the detail view below.
 Within the table, you have different columns.
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One Way to Create a New Project:
 Begin by clicking on file then click on new.
 The Create a new project Wizard will appear. In the create a project wizard click next in
the Project ID enter 3 beds. In the Project Name enter 3 Bedroom Bungalow and click on
finish.
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 Once we have created the new project it will appear in our Table under the project view.
 Next, we shall open the new project.
Open our project – Right-click on the newly created project (3 Bedroom Bungalow) and click
open project.
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Task 1: Students are required to learn about options/tabs in the interface of Primavera P6, create
a new project in their PCs and take screen shots to be attached to this experiment.
Task 2: Write down the complete procedure in MS Word and attach to this experiment.
Discussion:
1. Enlist various options available in the interface of Primavera P6 software?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
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______________________________________________________________________________
2. Discuss about the importance of using Primavera P6 for construction project

management.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. What is timeline view, Gantt view and detail view sections in Primavera P6?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
ASSESSMENT RUBRICS:

1. Project Knows well Knows about Has some idea Has some idea
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project activities project activities project activities project activities
Scale
the projects.
Scale
EVALUATION:

1 11 5
2 5 5
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EXPERIMENT # 04
CREATING ORGANIZATIONAL BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE (OBS) IN

PRIMAVERA P6
Aim:
To create OBS of a construction project in Primavera P6 software.
Requirement:
Organizational Breakdown Structure (OBS) is an organizational structure that usually consists of

level managers, supervisors, to engineers involved in the project.
 You can define OBS in Primavera as additional information that you can later assign to
the EPS, Project, WBS, or activity level as personnel or positions responsible for EPS,
WBS, Projects, or related activities.
 This OBS is only informational (optional) and does not affect the schedule calculations
on the project.
 Below is an example of an organizational structure that we will use in a project that we
will create later.
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To create the above organizational structure, perform the following steps:
 Through the menu bar, select Enterprise -> OBS.

 To bring up all the OBS lists, right-click on the top of the OBS window, go to the Filter
By -> All OBS Elements menu, as shown below. As shown in the picture, I will create an
OBS below the Enterprise level in this example. In the image below, another OBS has
been previously defined (by default in Primavera Installation) and is unrelated to the
project we create. We will create a new OBS according to the structure chart described
above in this example.
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• After the cursor is hovered over the OBS named Enterprise, click the OBS and click the Add
button  Name OBS as Haitang Park Project Manager.
 To name the personnel in OBS, click on the Modify button, then type the person’s name
at the organizational level that has been created. In the example, type Ilham.
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 Continue by adding another OBS according to the structure chart in the example. To
make the organization level lower, click the right arrow direction, as in the picture.
 On the other hand, to make the organization level higher, click the left arrow. To move
down or up, click the down or up arrow.
• Continue the organizational structure to completion as shown in the figure:
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 To change the view to Chart View, right-click on the parent level, then select Chart View
as shown in the image.
 The image below is an OBS display with Chart View mode.
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 You can customize the view by clicking on one of the OBS, access Chart Box Template -
> Customize…
 You can customize the appearance by adding an OBS Description field. When finished,
click OK.
 The final view is as below.
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 You can change the display orientation to be vertical or horizontal. How to select one
parent, right-click on the Option Bar (topmost), select Arrange Children -> select
(Horizontal or Vertical).
 To get the optimal view, right-click the Option Bar (Top Bar), select the Zoom menu ->
Select (Zoom in, Zoom out, or Zoom to Best Fit).
Task 1: Students are required to repeat the experiment on Primavera P6, create a similar project
in their PCs and take screen shots to be attached to this experiment.
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Discussion:
1. Define OBS?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Is the OBS compulsory for any construction project?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. Is OBS unique for each project?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
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ASSESSMENT RUBRICS:

Scale
the projects.
Scale
EVALUATION:

1 11 5
2 5 5
EXPERIMENT # 05
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CREATING CALENDAR AND ENTERPRISE PROJECT STRUCTURE (EPS)

ON PRIMAVERA P6
Aim:
To create a new calendar and EPS of a construction project in Primavera P6 software.
Requirement:
Primavera P6 software with good knowledge of project management.
Procedure:
 Go to Enterprise Menu -> Projects

 Click the Add button
 Select EPS, click Next.
 Fill in the Project ID. You are free to fill in the Project ID because this is just data and
will not affect the project calculations. For example, enter it with EC005011.
 Fill in the Project Name. This field can be filled with any text (project name) as needed.
In the example, fill it with Haitang Corporate Park. Then click the Finish button
Note: Another option, you can also continue to fill in the Project data by clicking the Next
button.
Next, in the Project Details section of the Dates tab, fill in Project Planned Start. In the example,
fill in the date July 1, 2023. This date can be changed if needed later. The Set Data Date is the
same as the Project Planned Start date, July 1, 2023.
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PROJECT SETTINGS:
Create Project Calendar:
The thing you need to do after adding a project is to create a Project Calendar, then select Project
Calendar for the project.
 Before creating a Project Calendar, you must determine the number of working days in a
week and the number of working hours used in a day. Suppose 8 hours per day for seven
days a week. Or five working days a week with a working time of 8 hours per day.
 In this example, we will use a five days work week with an 8-hours working day. The
Working hours per day is from 8.00 to 17.00. Holidays during the project are March 29,
2022, 28-29 April 2022, May 9, 2022, July 4, 2022, March 29, 2023, April 28, 2023, May
1, 2023, May 9, 2023, July 4, 2023.
How to create a Project Calendar:
Open the Project for which you want to create a calendar. In this example, we open the project
that we created earlier. Open the project with Project ID EC005011. How: right-click -> click
Open Project.
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 In the following screen, you can choose the allocation of Calendar. If you choose:
 Global: The Calendar can be used for all projects and resources.
 Resource: The Calendar can only be used on certain resources. For now, ignore this
option.
 Project: The Calendar can only be used by the project you are currently open. Other
projects cannot use your Calendar.
 So for the current project calendar, you can choose Global or Project.
In this example, we will select the Project option. Then click the Add button.
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 Then the Select Calendar To Copy From window will appear.
 Choose which Calendar you want to copy. Choose the one that best fits your project. You
can edit the Calendar that you choose later as needed. In this example, select the
Corporate – Standard Full-Time Calendar. Name the Calendar 5 days workweek w/ basic
holidays – practice.
 To edit a calendar, select a calendar, then click the Modify… button.
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 Then select Detailed work hour/day. After that, click on Workweek…

 Select a weekday: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday.
 In the Calendar Weekly Hours window, select the working hours 8.00-12.00 and 13.00-
17.00, then click the Work button. Break time select 12.00-13.00; after that, click the
Nonwork button.
 Set working hours on Sunday and Saturday to Nonwork.

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 When finished specifying working hours, click the OK button.

 To create holidays, return to the Project Calendar window: 5 days workweek w/ basic
holidays – practice.
 On the specified holiday dates, starting with January 3, 2022, click Nonwork. Continue in
the same way on March 29 2022, 28-29 April 2022, May 2 2022, May 9 2022, July 4
2022.
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Once the Calendar is created, return to the Project hierarchy. Select the project you created
earlier (Project ID EC005011). Select Calendar 5 days workweek w / basic holidays – practice in
the Select Default Project Calendar window.
As a side note, the choice of Calendar in this project will impact the choice of Calendar when
you create a new activity.
By default, the activity calendar will be the same as the project calendar. If needed, you can
change the Calendar of activities according to your needs.
Create an Enterprise Project Structure (EPS) in Primavera
 EPS represents the highest structure of the project group hierarchy in Primavera. EPS is
depicted with a golden pyramid shape. In Primavera, EPS can be further divided into sub-
project groups as needed.
 Some of the EPS data in Primavera will be accumulated from the data of a group of
projects, including budget data.
 The total data in EPS is the total of the project data contained in it (in EPS).
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 The following is an example of an existing EPS chart in a Haitang company. The EPS in
the chart below is divided by category or type of Department in the Haitang Company.
To create an EPS like the chart above, perform the following steps:
• On the menu bar, select Enterprise -> Enterprise Project Structure…
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Add EPS by clicking the Add button, then fill in the following data:
 EPS ID: H EPS Name: Haitang Corporation.

 Responsible Manager: Haitang Park Project Manager.
 Add Responsible Manager by selecting OBS.
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 Continue by adding another EPS. To move the EPS hierarchy, you can use the left arrow
(if the hierarchy is higher) or the right arrow (if the hierarchy is lower).
To change the view to Chart View, right-click on the parent level, then select Chart View as
shown in the image.
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You can change the display orientation to be vertical or horizontal. How to select one parent,
right-click on the Option Bar (topmost), select Arrange Children -> select (Horizontal or
Vertical).
Discussion:
1. Why is it necessary to define a unique calendar?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
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______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Define the term EPS used in Primavera P6.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. Write down the steps for shifting to chart view of EPS?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
ASSESSMENT RUBRICS:

1. Project Knows well Knows about Has some idea Has some idea
project activities project activities project activities project activities
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Scale
the projects.
Scale
EVALUATION:

1 11 5
2 5 5
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EXPERIMENT # 06
CREATING A WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE (WBS)
Aim:
To create a work breakdown structure of overall construction work for planning and scheduling
purposes.
Requirement:
Related Theory:
WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE:
A work breakdown structure (WBS) is a project management tool that takes a step-by-step
approach to complete large projects with several moving pieces. By breaking down the project
into smaller components, a WBS can integrate scope, cost and deliverables into a single tool.
Uses of WBS:
 Thought process tool.

 Architectural design tool
 Planning tool
 Project status reporting tool
Thought process tool:
 The WBS is a thought process.

 As a thought process, it is a design and planning tool.
 It helps the project manager and the project team to visualize exactly how the work of the
project can be defined and managed effectively.
Architectural design tool:
49 | P a g e
The WBS is a picture of the work of the project and how the items of work are related to one
another.
Planning tool:
In the planning phase, the WBS gives the project team a detailed representation of the project as
a collection of activities that must be completed in order for the project to be completed.
Project status reporting tool:
 The WBS is used as a structure for reporting project status.

 Completion of lower-level activities causes higher-level activities to be partially
complete.
 Some of these higher-level activities may represent significant progress whose
completion will be milestone events in the course of the project.
 Thus, the WBS defines milestone events that can be reported to senior management and
to the customer.
Procedure:
GENERATING THE WBS:
Task 1: Create WBS for following phases of work.
ID WBS
Phase 1 Foundation
Phase 2 Super Structure
Phase 3 Finishing
Before to start inserting activities and activity relationships in this sample project for
construction, you need to create a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) in Primavera P6. While
creating the WBS, keep in mind the key project deliverables.
Create WBS | Click on WBS in the directory bar, then click Add in the command bar and type
in foundation in the new WBS.
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Repeat for superstructure,
Move superstructure left one step. Note the move left button is in the command bar by your right
represented by an arrow facing the left direction.
Repeat for finishing.
Your WBS table should appear as below when you are done.
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Go back to your activities view by clicking on activities in the directory bar or at the top of your
view. Once your activity page opens, hit F5 on your keyboard to refresh.
Discussion:
1. What is the function of WBS?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
52 | P a g e
2. Is the WBS compulsory for any construction project?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. Which steps are involved for defining the WBS of a project in Primavera P6?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
ASSESSMENT RUBRICS:

Scale
53 | P a g e
the projects.
Scale
EVALUATION:

1 11 5
2 5 5
54 | P a g e
EXPERIMENT # 07
ADDING VARIOUS CONSTRUCTION PROJECT ACTIVITIES IN

PRIMAVERA P6 SOFTWARE
Aim:
To add various activities of construction work in Primavera P6 for planning and scheduling
purposes.
Requirement:
Procedure:
Assign following activities and their duration in software.
Activity ID Activities Duration

Phase 1 Foundation
A1000 Clearing 2 Days
A1010 Digging 5 Days
A1020 Blinding 3 Days
A1030 Block Work 4 Days
A1040 Slab 2 Days
A1050 Block Work 5 Days
A1060 Pillars 5 Days
A1070 Form Work 4 Days
A1080 Lintel 2 Days
Phase 3 Finishing
A1090 Plastering 3 Days
A1100 Plumbing 4 Days
A1110 Electricals 2 Days
55 | P a g e
A1120 Painting 5 Days

A1130 Decoration 3 Days
Adding Activities:
 Next step of schedule is adding activities.

 Right-click on foundation and click add.
 Type in “clearing”. Repeat for the other activities under foundation.
If you have done it correctly, your schedule should appear as below.
P6 Activities View:
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 By default, Primavera P6 assigns a 5-day duration to each activity. If your bars are not
showing in the Gantt, simply double click on your Gantt view.
 Now repeat the process for activities under Super Structure and Finishing.
 By the time you are done your schedule will appear as below.
P6 Gantt View:
Enter the activity durations as contained in the table. Ensure you sort by activity ID. To do this,
click on the Activity ID column make sure the arrow on the column is pointing down.
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Discussion:
1. What are the steps to visualize the bars in Gantt chart if not appearing automatically?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Write down the steps to add activities.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. What do you mean by “original duration” of activities?
______________________________________________________________________________
58 | P a g e
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
ASSESSMENT RUBRICS:

Scale
59 | P a g e
the projects.
Scale
EVALUATION:

1 11 5
2 5 5
60 | P a g e
EXPERIMENT # 08
PROJECT SCHEDULING & ASSIGNING PREDECESSORS TO

CONSTRUCTION PROJECT ACTIVITIES ON PRIMAVERA P6
Aim:
To create a work breakdown structure of overall construction work for planning and scheduling
purposes.
Requirement:
PREDECESSOR ACTIVITIES:
In project management, a predecessor is an activity that precedes another activity – not in the
chronological sense but according to their dependency to each other. A predecessor activity can
have several direct successor activities.
PROJECT SCHEDULE:
A work schedule is required for any type of project regardless of whether it is small or large to
estimate the completion date of the project and the project tasks. Therefore, it is a good decision
to create a schedule before the beginning of a project. Oracle Primavera P6 and Microsoft Project
are scheduling tools that are used to create schedules to demonstrate what needs to be done, by
which resources, and when. In this experiment, we will learn how to create a sample construction
project schedule in Primavera P6 with the help of an example.
We shall be using the schedule as shown in the table below.
Activity ID Activities Duration Predecessor

Phase 1 Foundation
A1000 Clearing 2 Days
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A1010 Digging 5 Days A1000

A1020 Blinding 3 Days A1010
A1030 Block Work 4 Days A1000 & A1010
A1040 Slab 2 Days A1030
A1050 Block Work 5 Days A1040
A1060 Pillars 5 Days A1040
A1070 Form Work 4 Days A1060
A1080 Lintel 2 Days A1070
Phase 3 Finishing
A1090 Plastering 3 Days A1050, A1060 &
A1070
A1100 Plumbing 4 Days A1050, A1060 &
A1070
A1110 Electricals 2 Days A1090
A1120 Painting 5 Days A1090
A1130 Decoration 3 Days A1090 & A1120
At this step of our sample construction schedule in Oracle Primavera P6, we will show how to
work with columns.
Now, add the predecessor column.
Right-click on anywhere within your table then click on columns in the window that appears.
Predecessor column primavera p6:
Click available options and select find or simply do CTRL + F. In the find window type in
predecessors. Look for and select predecessors and click on add to list or simply double click.
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Primavera p6 select predecessors:
Use the up and down arrow to position it after the remaining duration. Then click on close.
Primavera P6 Assign relationships:
To assign predecessors, double click on digging activity in the predecessor column cell. The
assign predecessor’s window appears, select clearing in the window and click assign. Do not
close the window as we shall use it for all our assignments before we close it.
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Primavera P6 PREDECESSORS SUCCESSORS sample construction project:
Next click on blinding in the timeline table, in the assign predecessors window click digging then
click assign.
Primavera P6 Inserting a relationship sample construction project:
You should be seeing the relationships show up in the predecessors’ column in the table as well
as the predecessors tab in the details view and also in the Gantt Chart as below.
Primavera P6 Finishing relationships - sample construction project:
Repeat same for other relationships as captured in the table. For activities that have more than
one predecessor simply do it repeatedly. Once you are done click on close, to close the assign
predecessor window.
Next is to schedule. Click on the schedule button on the toolbar then click schedule.
Gantt Chart View of the Sample Construction Schedule:
Once you have done that, this example Primavera P6 schedule will appear like below.
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Discussion:
1. What are the predecessors of activities?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Why we assign predecessors to activities in project scheduling?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
65 | P a g e
______________________________________________________________________________
3. What are the important steps for scheduling a project in Primavera P6?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
ASSESSMENT RUBRICS:

Scale
66 | P a g e

the projects.
Scale
EVALUATION:

1 11 5
2 5 5
67 | P a g e
EXPERIMENT # 09
ALLOCATING RESOURCES IN PRIMAVERA P6
Aim:
To assign resources to a project.
Requirement:
RESOURCES & RESOURCE ALLOCATION IN PRIMAVERA P6:
Resource management is an important activity in project management. Generally, project

managers need resource usage reports for the actual works in order to understand the real
performance of their projects. They make a comparison between the planned, earned, and actual
quantities in order to make a decision regarding their project’s productivity. There are many
tools and software available in the market for this purpose and Primavera P6 is one of them.
Primavera P6 resource assignments feature enables you to assign material, labor, and equipment
resources and costs to your schedule. Resource allocation, and, possible over-allocation of labor
resources can be tracked by the reports in Primavera P6. This experiment discusses the types of
resources and demonstrates how to load cost and resource in Primavera P6.
Resource planning & types of resources in PRIMAVERA P6:
Resources include the labor and equipment that are used to perform activities within a project.
Resources are time-based and they are often used between activities. Creating a resource pool
may be useful to define the organization’s resource structure and supports the allocation of
resources to the relevant activities.
 If you want to make resource planning in Primavera P6, you can easily create and assign
resources to activities with the help of the Resources tool of P6. This tool will help you to
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list and organize all the project resources by their type. It is possible to create and assign
labor, material, and equipment resources in Primavera P6. Allocation and distribution of
resource quantities can be seen from the “Resource Assignments” window.
 You can also define a resource’s roles, calendar, contact information, and time-varying
prices if needed.
Defining Resources in Primavera P6:
 For better understanding, let’s review a sample project schedule.

 We have a sample pipeline project and the activities are grouped as per “Activity Types”
such as Pre-Construction Survey, Survey and Stacking Out, Clearing and Grading,
Hauling & Stringing, Bending, and Welding as seen in the figure below.
 We will define labor resources and assign them to the activities.

 In order to define a resource, select Enterprise | Resources from the main drop-down
menu at the top of the screen.
 If the “Resources” window is empty, select Display | Filter By: All Resources as shown
in Figure 2.
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 We will define one labor resource for each task instead of assigning specific people.
 Select Edit | + Add and type the Resource ID and the Resource Name. Pre-Construction
Survey is the first labor resource in our project. It represents all the workforce needed to
perform the Pre-Construction Survey activity, Figure 3.
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In this example, we will not insert a unit price for the resource because we will insert a total
budgeted quantity and cost the resource.
How to Assign Resources to Activities in Primavera P6?
After defining all the resources in Primavera P6, the assignment process comes into play. Here
we will assign them to the relevant activities by selecting Project | Activities from the main drop-
down menu at the top of the screen as shown in Figure 4
In order to assign a resource to an activity, we will open the activity details by selecting View |
Show on Bottom| Details from the main drop-down menu at the top of the screen.
We will assign resources by using the Add Resource button at the bottom left hand of the screen,
Figure 5.
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After assigning the “Pre-Construction Survey” resource to the “Pre-Construction Survey”

activity, we will insert “Budgeted Units” and “Budgeted Cost” for the activity. Let’s assume that
the “Pre-Construction Survey” activity will be performed with 5500 manhours and the total cost
of this activity is $60.000, Figure 6.
Make sure that the activity type is “Task-Dependent” and the duration type is “Fixed Duration &
Units. Check them from the “General” button at the bottom left hand of the screen, Figure 7.
72 | P a g e
Duration is fixed because we have determined the activity duration, that we do not want to
change it depending on the resource quantity. We fixed the quantity because we have a total
budgeted quantity for this activity. It will not change as the duration changes.
Using the Resource Usage Profile
The next step is to analyze the “Resource Usage Profile” after assigning resources to the
activities and inserting budgeted cost and budgeted units. We will select View | Show on Bottom
| Resource Usage Profile from the main drop-down menu at the top of the screen. Finally, we can
see the budgeted units and costs from the “Resource Usage Profile”.
 You can assign several resources to activities in P6 to track the resource and cost
performance of your project. Primavera P6 resource assignments feature is a flexible tool
for performing resource analysis and estimating the project cost. Primavera P6 not only
shows the cost for each task but also shows the cost of each work break down structure
deliverable and the entire project. Resource management is very important for project
managers.
 Note that resources are different than expenses because resources are time-based and
expenses are one-time expenditures. Therefore, when the resources are leveled, expenses
are not included.
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Discussion:
1. What is meant by the resource management in a construction project?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. What are the types of resources in Primavera P6 software?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. What is the difference between resources and expenses?
______________________________________________________________________________
74 | P a g e
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
ASSESSMENT RUBRICS:

Scale
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the projects.
Scale
EVALUATION:

1 11 5
2 5 5
76 | P a g e
EXPERIMENT # 10
ASSIGNING COST INFORMATION TO A TASK
Aim:
To assign cost information to a project.
Requirement:
Cost Loading in Oracle Primavera P6:
Cost loading and resource loading terms are widely used in project planning to refer time
distributed value of costs and resources. Project managers need resource and cost loaded work
schedules to make realistic assumptions and forecasts for their project’s targets. However, most
of the work schedules are not resource or cost loaded. This means that material, labor, and
nonlabor resources and their budgeted quantities are not assigned to the activities. Therefore,
project managers cannot prepare long term and short-term plans effectively due to the lack of
information. A well prepared and resource and cost loaded schedule provides adequate project
information and improves decision making within the project team. Oracle Primavera P6 has
advanced cost management capabilities that enable to monitor planned and actual costs and
expenses of a project. Long term and short-term payment plans can be made, cash needs can be
calculated by the help of this feature. Labor, subcontractor and vendor payments can be planned
based on the production rates. This Primavera P6 cost management tutorial demonstrates how to
create primavera p6 cost loading histogram.
Cost Loading & Cost Loaded Schedule:
In a work schedule, cost loading represents either income or expense. Most of the clients require
that the total contract amount (Schedule of Values) be allocated across the activities of the
77 | P a g e
project schedule. This can be considered as cost loading. For the client, this is the cost to
complete an activity and for the contractor, this is the income will be received.
From the contractor’s point of view, cost loading represents direct, indirect costs and expenses.
A direct cost is a price that can be utterly attributed to the production of products or services.
Some costs, such as direct materials, direct labor, equipment are common direct costs.
Indirect costs are those which affect the whole company such as depreciation, accounting
services, general supplies, board salaries. They are not just only one product. Overhead costs,
ongoing costs are indirect costs.
An expense consists of the economic costs a business incurs through its operations to earn
revenue. Businesses are allowed to write off tax-deductible expenses on their income tax returns
to lower their taxable income and thus their tax liability.
Primavera P6 Cost Loading and Management:
The figure below (Figure 1) shows a sample project. The duration type of activities is Fixed
Duration & Units. The first step is to create resources in the Primavera P6 Resources Library and
define the unit prices.
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Select Enterprise | Resources from the main drop-down menu at the top of the screen. This will
display the Resources view in Figure 2.
Then click the “Add” button and create a labor resource. Insert 10 $/hour as the unit price, Figure
3.
Now, assign this newly created Manhour resource and insert budgeted manhour for each of the
activities. When you insert budgeted quantity, you will see that budgeted costs are calculated by
multiplying the unit price and the quantity, Figure 4.
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Original lag can be used to shift the cost or resource distribution of the activity. It can be either
positive or negative. Resource curves are used to model the cost or resource loading of an
activity within the schedule. Resource curves can be linear, back loaded, front-loaded,
trapezoidal, triangular, etc.
Once a schedule has been created, resources are assigned, budgeted units are inserted, you begin
the process of tracking progress. In order to see the cost loading of an activity or all the activities,
Select View | Show on Top | Activity Usage Spreadsheet from the main drop-down menu at the
top of the screen. Then, customize the spreadsheet by clicking on and select Budgeted Labor
Cost, Figure 5.
 If you change the resource curve and/or original lag, time distributed data will change.
 In order to see the cost loading histogram, Select View | Show on Bottom | Activity
Usage Profile from the main drop-down menu at the top of the screen, Figure 6.
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 A work schedule is the main tool for performing project control activities within a
project. If it is done well, the project manager and the project team can monitor the real
status of their projects.
 Integrating cost and schedule systems can both eliminate risks and improve the quality of
decision making for a project or the projects of program and portfolio. Integrating these
systems allows making resource and cost optimizations.
 Primavera P6 cost loading curves and histograms are used to monitor the planned and the
actual costs and expenses of a project. It is possible to create several types of reports by
gathering data from the Primavera P6 spreadsheets and/or histograms.
 Note that this is an important concept from a project cost management point of view.
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Discussion:
1. What is cost loading in Primavera P6?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. What is cost loading schedule?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. What do you by cost loading curves and histograms used in Primavera P6?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
82 | P a g e
ASSESSMENT RUBRICS:

Scale
the projects.
Scale
EVALUATION:

1 11 5
2 5 5
83 | P a g e

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CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT LAB

CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT LAB

Department of Civil Engineering

KHAWAJA FAREED UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND

ENGR. MUHAMMAD NAVEEED ISHAQ

Department of Civil Engineering

KHAWAJA FAREED UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND

 The laboratory manual is attended to provide undergraduate engineering students an

1. Never leave the running software on computer.

1. Do not go on unapproved sites.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES:

CLO Learning Taxonomy Related

INTRODUCTION TO CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT (CPM)

 Quality control is the most difficult part of construction management. Construction is

 Procurement is a huge component in building construction. Think of the vast array of

CONSTRUCTION FINANCE MANAGEMENT:

1. Comment on the importance of project management for scheduling a construction work.

3. How important is the management of the procurement of materials/goods for a

CLO Performance Excellent Poor (1-0

CLO # PLO # Obtained Marks Total Marks

BREAKING THE CONSTRUCTION WORK IN TO ACTIVITIES TO PLAN A

Complete detail or scope of work for a construction project.

 An activity can be as small as “steel fixing of first floor columns” or as large as

o What activities may be constructed concurrently with the current one?

Write down the list of activities in table below:

Assign the relationship between activities by writing predecessors of various activities in

Activity Description Predecessor

1. What is the importance of activities in a construction project?

3. Why is it needed to assign activities relationships in project management?

CLO Performance Excellent Poor (1-0

projects. projects. the projects. plan/schedule

CLO # PLO # Obtained Marks Total Marks

CREATING A CONSTRUCTION PROJECT IN PRIMAVERA P6 SOFTWARE

Primavera P6 software with basic knowledge of project management.

Related Theory & Procedure:

CREATING A NEW PROJECT:

One Way to Create a New Project:

 Begin by clicking on file then click on new.

 Next, we shall open the new project.

1. Enlist various options available in the interface of Primavera P6 software?

2. Discuss about the importance of using Primavera P6 for construction project

CLO Performance Excellent Poor (1-0

(PLO-11) construction construction construction construction

CLO # PLO # Obtained Marks Total Marks

CREATING ORGANIZATIONAL BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE (OBS) IN

To create OBS of a construction project in Primavera P6 software.

Primavera P6 software with basic knowledge of project management.

Related Theory & Procedure:

Organizational Breakdown Structure (OBS) is an organizational structure that usually consists of

To create the above organizational structure, perform the following steps:

 Through the menu bar, select Enterprise -> OBS.

• Continue the organizational structure to completion as shown in the figure:

 The image below is an OBS display with Chart View mode.

 The final view is as below.

2. Is the OBS compulsory for any construction project?

3. Is OBS unique for each project?

CLO Performance Excellent Poor (1-0

CLO # PLO # Obtained Marks Total Marks

CREATING CALENDAR AND ENTERPRISE PROJECT STRUCTURE (EPS)

To create a new calendar and EPS of a construction project in Primavera P6 software.

Primavera P6 software with good knowledge of project management.

 Go to Enterprise Menu -> Projects

Create Project Calendar:

How to create a Project Calendar: