PREDAVNJE 3 – COMPANIES

STARTING UP

Read parts 3.1.1. COMPANIES AND COMPANY STRUCTURE (PREDUZEĆA I STRUKTURA KOMPANIJE)

Try to find the answers to the following questions.

1. What types of companies are there? Remember that they can be classified according to size
(prema veličini), ownership (prema vlasništvu), and form (obliku).
2. How can a person raise money to set up a new business?
3. What does the founder of a company need to do to start a business?
4. How does a company develop?
5. Where can a company operate?
6. What is the main office of a company called?
7. Can two companies become one?
8. What do companies and shareholders (deoničari) look for?
9. What is outsourcing?
10. In what business sectors can companies operate?

Do TASK B on page 15.

Do TASK C on page 15.

LISTENING CD 1.17

Note:

 excellent performance – odično poslovanje

 competitive – konkurentan
 increased production – povećana proizvodnja
 strong demand – velika potražnja
 cashflow – priliv gotovine
 dedicated – predan, posvećen
 valuable asset – (ovde) najveće blago

Do Vocabulary exercise A, B and C in Practice File, then check your answers in the Answer key.

Note:

 to be committed to – obavezati se da
 value – vrednost
 in spite of – uprkos
 fierce competition – jaka konkurencija
 to congratulate someone on something – čestititati nekome na nečemu
 outstanding – izvandredan
 support – podrška
SPEAKING: What type of company would you like to work for? Explain why.

Think of:

 work environment (poslovno okruženje)

 pay
 promotion possibilities – mogućnosti za napredovanje
 job security – (sigurno radno mesto) there is little possibility to be dismissed /laid off (male su
šanse da ćete biti otpušteni)

ANSWERS

1. Companies (also businesses, firms, enterprises), according to size, can be small, medium or
large.
(Preduzeća mogu biti mala, srednja i velike.)

According to ownership, they can be family-run, private or state-owned.

(Prema vlasništvu, mogu biti porodična, privatna, državna.)

Most businesses fit into one of the following forms:

(Većina preduzeća ima neki od ovih oblika)
 Sole trader - just one person starts a business and they are an exclusive owner of the business,
but liable for all losses
(Preduzetnik koji samostano obavlja neku delatnost – samo jedna osoba osniva firmu i ona je
isključivi vlasnik firme, ali i odgovorna za sve gubitke.)
 Partnership – two or more people share profits and are all responsible for the debts.
(Ortakluk – dve ili više osoba dele dobit i odgovorni su za dugovanja.)
 Private limited company – shares can only be passed to another person if all shareholders
agree. Owners are liable for the debts of the company. If a company has Ltd. (limited) after its
name it means that should the company go bankrupt shareholders (people who own shares in a
company) stand to lose what they have invested. Shareholders in a company with unlimited
liability face the personal financial risk for debts.
(Privatna firma sa ograničenom odgovornošću – deonice se ne mogu preneti na drugu osobu
sem ukoliko se svi akcionari slože.
Vlasnici snose dugove firme. Ukoliko firma ima oznaku sa ograničenom odgovornošću posle
imena Ltd., to znači da ukoliko firma bankrotira deoničari (ljudi koji poseduju deonice u firmi)
mogu izgubiti onoliko koliko su uložili. Deoničari u firmi sa neograničenom odgovornošću snose
lični finansijski rizik za dugove.)
 Public limited company – shares can be freely bought and sold on the stock market.
(Preduzeće sa ograničenom odgovornošću – deonice se mogu slobodno kupovati i prodavati na
berzi.)
 Mutual companies – the company’s customers are also its shareholders.
(Uzajamna društva – klijenti kompanije su i njeni deoničari.)
 Joint-stock company - a business owned by its investors. Each investor owns a share based on
the amount of stock purchased.
 (Akcionarsko društvo – firma koju poseduju investitori. Svaki investitor poseduje deo zasnovan
na veličini kupljenih akcija.)
2. How can a person raise money to set up a new business?
They can:
 ask the family or friends for a loan
(tražiti zajam od porodice ili prijatelja),
 ask a bank for a loan,
(tražili zajam od banke),
 approach business angels – wealthy individuals who wish to invest in a new business,
(obratiti se smelim investitorima – bogatim pojedincima koji žele da investiraju u novu firmu.)
 look at venture capital if you already have some trading history. (možete razmotriti
preduzetnički kapital ukoliko već imate iskustva u poslovanju)
3. What does the founder of a company need to do in order to start a business?
A company's founder(s) must rent premises, purchase equipment and supplies, and employ and
train new staff.
(Osnivač(i) firme mora da iznajmi prostorije, kupi opremu i zalihe, zaposli i obučava novo
osoblje.)
4. How does a company develop?
Unless a new business goes under soon after it has been set up, its turnover increases, the
company breaks even for a while and then starts making a profit.
(Ukoliko nova firma ne propadne ubrzo pošto se osnuje, njen obrt se uvećava, firma jedno
vreme nije ni u gubitku ni na dobitku a zatim počinje da ostvaruje profit.)
5. Where can a company operate?
A company can operate in a domestic market or it can operate globally, in many different
countries worldwide – a multinational (transnational) company.
(Firma može da posluje na domaćem tržištu ili može da posluje u mnogo različitih zemalja širom
sveta - multinacionalna kompanija.)
6. What is the main office of a company called?
A company’s headquarters (head office) is the main building of a company, but it can have
many offices in different places.
(Sedište kompanije jeste glavna zgrada kompanije, ali ona može imati mnogo filijala na različitim
mestima.)
7. Can two companies become one?
Two companies can merge or work together in a particular area by forming an alliance / joint
venture.
(Dve kompanije mogu da se integrišu ili rade zajedno u određenoj oblasti kao alijanse / uz
zajednička ulaganja).
Sometimes one company decides to buy shares of another (takeover or acquisition). The parent
company takes over enough of another’s company’s (subsidiary / daughter company) shares to
take over control of it.
(Ponekad jedna kompanija odluči da kupi deonice druge kompanije (preuzimanje /prisvajanje).
Matična kompanije preuzima dovoljno deonica druge kompanije (podružnice) čime ostvaruje
kontrolu nad njom
8. What do companies and shareholders (deoničari) look for?
 They look for a return on investment. Shareholders look for a dividend.
(Očekuju povrćaj ulaganja. Deoničari očekuju dividendu.)
9. What is outsourcing?
Outsourcing is the practice of having part of a company’s work done by another company
instead of employing its own staff to reduce costs.
(Angažovanje spoljnih saradnika jeste način da se deo poslova kompanije obavi uslugom druge
kompanije namesto zapošljavanja sopstvenih radnika kako bi se smanjili troškovi.)
10. In what business sectors can companies operate?

TASK B, page 15

TASK C, PAGE 15