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 Analysis of Last 10 Year’s CBSE Board Questions
12
◈ Maximum total weightage is of chemical Reactions.

◈ Maximum VSA type questions were asked from

Nomenclature.

◈ Maximum SA I and SA II type questions were asked

from Chemical Reactions.

 Some
important
notes
 1

Nomenclature
Common & IUPAC names of some important Halides
Common & IUPAC names of some important Halides
 2

SN1 & SN2 reactions

 Unimolecular (SN1) Bimolecular (SN2)

It is first order reaction. It is second order reaction.

Generally carried out in polar protic solvents Carried out in polar aprotic solvents like
like water, alcohol and acetic acid. acetone, DMSO, acetonitrile, or DMF.

Takes place in two steps through carbocation Takes place in one step through transition
as the intermediate. state.

Rate of reaction : Rate of reaction :

3° > 2° > 1° > H3 CH3 > 1° > 2° > 3° halides
(fastest) (slowest) (fastest) (slowest)
Greater the stability of carbocation, faster will Less the steric hindrance in T.S., faster will
be the reaction. be the reaction.

18
 Unimolecular (SN1) Bimolecular (SN2)

Tends to proceed with weak nucleophiles, e.g.; Tends to proceed with strong nucleophiles,
CH3OH, H2O, CH3CH2OH, etc. e.g.; CH3O−, CN−, OH−, etc.

Configuration is retained but in front attack Inversion of configuration takes place

inversion takes place (racemisation and (Walden inversion).
inversion).

19
 3

Some Important Questions

VSA
 VSA
Question

Marks 1

Identify the chiral molecule in the following pair :

VSA

Solution

*
Is chiral molecule

Cl
 VSA
Question

Marks 1
Write structural formulae of the following compounds :
(i) 1 - Bromo - 4 - chlorobenzene
(ii) I - chloro - 4 - ethyl cyclohexane
 VSA

Solution

(i) Br (ii) Cl

Cl C2H5
 VSA
Question

Marks 1

Write the IUPAC name of the following compound :

Cl

CH3

Cl
 VSA

Solution

Cl

5 3

6
2
1 CH3

Cl

1, 4 - Dichloro - 2 - methylbenzene
Some Important Questions
SA 1
 SA I

Question

Chlorobenzene is extremely less reactive towards a Marks 2

nucleophilic substitution reaction. Give two reasons for
the same.
 SA I

Solution

1. It is due to double bond character between C＝Cl bond

because of resonance.

2. ‘C’ attached to Cl is sp2 hybridised, therefore, C＝Cl bond

has high bond dissociation energy.

That is why the bond is difficult to break and less

reactive.
 SA I

Question

Marks 2
(a) Why does p- dichlorobenzene have a higher melting
point than its o- and m- isomers ?

(b) Why is Butan - 2 - ol optically inactive ?

 SA I

Solution

(a) It is symmetrical and fits into crystal lattice more

readily.
 SA I

Solution

Why is Butan - 2 - ol optically inactive ?

(b) It contains equal amount of (+) and (—) Butan-2-ol

which rotate plane polarised light equal in magnitude but
opposite in sign, such that net optical rotation is zero, i.e.
this racemic mixture is optically inactive.
 SA I

Question

Account for the following: Marks 2

(i) The C—Cl bond length in chlorobenzene is shorter
than that in CH3—Cl.
(ii) Chloroform is stored in closed dark brown bottles.
 SA I

Solution

(i) It is due to double bond character in C=CI bond in

chlorobenzene, due to resonance it is shorter than C—Cl
bond.
 SA I

Solution

(ii) Chloroform reacts with O2 in presence of sunlight to form

poisonous phosgene gas. It is kept in dark brown bottles so as
to cut off sunlight to prevent the formation of phosgene gas.
 SA I

Question

Explain as to why Marks 2

(i) Alkyl halides, though polar, are immiscible with
water.
(ii) Grignard’s reagent should be prepared under
anhydrous conditions.
 SA I

Solution

(i) Alkyl halides cannot form H-bonds with water,

therefore, immiscible with water.
 SA I

Solution

(ii) It is because the Grignard reagent reacts with water to

form alkane, therefore, should be prepared in absence of
water, i.e. anhydrous conditions.
 SA I

Question
39
Mark 2
Complete the following reaction equation:
 Solution
40
Some Important Questions
SA 2
 SA II

Question

Marks 3
Give reasons for the following:
(i) Ethyl iodide undergoes SN2 reaction faster than ethyl
bromide.
 SA II

Solution

(i) It is because C-I bond is weaker than C-Br bond due to

large size of I than Br.
 SA II

Question

(ii) (±) 2-Butanol is optically inactive.

 SA II

Solution

(ii) (±) 2-Butanol has equal amount of dextro and laevo

rotatory 2-butanol which have optical rotation equal in
magnitude but opposite in sign, such that net optical rotation
is zero, i.e. it is optically inactive.
 SA II

Question

(iii) C — X bond length in halobenzene is smaller than

C — X bond length in CH3 — X.
 SA II

Solution

(iii) In halobenzene, C=X bond has double bond character (sp2

hybridised) due to resonance, therefore, it is smaller than
C—X bond in CH3X which is sp3 hybridised having single bond.
 SA II

Question
Marks 3

Although chlorine is an electron withdrawing group, yet

it is ortho-, para¬directing in electrophilic aromatic
substitution reactions. Explain why it is SO?
 SA II

Solution

Chlorobenzene is resonance hybrid of following structures:

Since electron density is maximum at o and p-positions due

to +R effect, therefore, electrophilic substitution will take
place at o- and p-positions.
 SA II

Question
Marks 3
Answer the following:
(i) Haloalkanes easily dissolve in organic solvents, why? ..
 SA II

Solution

(i) It is because haloalkanes are non-polar in nature,

therefore, they are soluble in organic solvents.
 SA II

Question
Marks 3
Answer the following:

(ii) What is known as a racemic mixture ? Give an

example.
 SA II

Solution

(ii) The mixture which contains equal amount of optically

active d(+) dextro and levo rotatory l(-) substances is called
racemic mixture, e.g. racemic mixture of glucose contains
equal amount of dextrorotatory glucose and laevorotatory
glucose.
 SA II

Question
Marks 3
Answer the following:

(iii) Of the two bromo derivatives,

which one is more reactive in SN1 substitution reaction
and why?
 SA II

Solution

(iii) will undergo SN1 substitution due to

greater stability of carbocation formed.
MCQs
 MCQ

1.The major product in the reaction is

(A) CH3-CH2-CN
(B) CH3-CH2Ag
(C) CH3-CH2NC
(D) none of these
 1.: The major product in the reaction is

(A) CH3-CH2-CN
(B) CH3-CH2Ag
(C)
(C) CH3-CH2NC
(D) none of these
 Solution
The use of Ag+ ion promotes attack at the more
electronegative atom. When alkyl halides are treated with
AgCN, this increases the yield of isocyanides (RNC).
2: Chloroform is slowly oxidized by air in the
presence of light and air to form

(A) phosgene
(B) formyl chloride
(C) formaldehyde
(D) trichloroethanol
2: Chloroform is slowly oxidized by air in the
presence of light and air to form

(A) phosgene
(B) formyl chloride
(C) formaldehyde
(D) trichloroethanol
 Solution
Chloroform forms a very poisonous compound called
phosgene ( COCl2) when stored for a long time by
reacting with oxygen in presence of sunlight.
3: Which of the following possesses has highest
melting point?

(A) chlorobenzene
(B) o-dichlorobenzene
(C) m-dichlorobenzene
(D) p-dichlorobenzene
3: Which of the following possesses has highest
melting point?

(A) chlorobenzene
(B) o-dichlorobenzene
(C) m-dichlorobenzene
(D) p-dichlorobenzene
(D)
 Solution
Due to symmetry, para-dichlorobenzene
fits closely in the crystal lattice and hence
has the highest melting point.
 66

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