The Search for Exoplanets: Methods and Discoveries

Introduction

Exoplanets, planets orbiting stars outside our solar system, have become a focal point of astronomical
research. This brief document outlines the methods used to detect exoplanets and highlights some key
discoveries.

Detection Methods

Transit Method: Observing the slight dimming of a star's light as an exoplanet passes in front of it.

Radial Velocity Method: Detecting the small wobbles in a star's motion caused by the gravitational pull of
orbiting planets.

Direct Imaging: Capturing images of exoplanets directly using advanced telescopes.

Microlensing: Observing the temporary magnification of a distant star's light caused by the gravitational
lensing effect of an intervening exoplanet.

Discoveries

First Exoplanet: 51 Pegasi b, discovered in 1995 using the radial velocity method.

Hot Jupiters: Large, gas giant exoplanets orbiting very close to their host stars.

Earth-like Exoplanets: Discoveries of exoplanets within the habitable zone of their stars, where
conditions might support liquid water and potentially life.

Conclusion

The search for exoplanets has revolutionized our understanding of planetary systems beyond our own.
By employing various detection methods, astronomers have discovered thousands of exoplanets with
diverse characteristics, shedding light on the prevalence and diversity of planetary systems in the
universe.