Soliman, Rosemarie Anne B.

Activity 1
BSN-2C 202C-0094 LECTURE

Discuss the three concepts of clinical information systems as espoused by

Blum.
According to the nursing organization, The Data, Information, Knowledge, and Wisdom Model
(Nelson D-W) depicting the megastructures and concepts underlying the practice of nursing
informatics was included for the first time in the 2008 American Nurses Association
(ANA) Scope and Standards of Practice for Nursing Informatics
Data – uninterpreted items, often referred to as data elements. An example might be a person’s
weight. Without additional data elements such as height, age, and overall well-being it would be
impossible to interpret the significance of an individual number.
Information – a group of data elements that have been organized and processed so that one can
interpret the significance of the data elements. For example, height, weight, age, and gender are
data elements that can be used to calculate BMI. The BMI can be used to determine if the
individual is underweight, overweight, normal weight, or obese.
Knowledge is built on a formalization of the relationships and interrelationships between data
and information. A knowledge base makes it possible to understand that an individual may have
a calculated BMI that is over 30 and not be obese. At this time, several automated decision
support systems included a knowledge base and a set of rules for applying the knowledge base in
a specific situation

Describe the event that was considered to be the first major computerized
systems) used for nursing practice.?
The creation of the Nursing Minimum Data Set (NMDS) in the late 1970s is
regarded as the first significant computerized system utilized in nursing
practice. Dr. Virginia Saba and her University of Maryland School of Nursing
colleagues created the NMDS. To enhance patient care and nursing practice,
it sought to standardize nursing data collection and classification Using
standardized vocabulary and codes, nurses could record patient
assessments, interventions, and results with the help of the NMDS, a
groundbreaking computerized system. It made it easier to gather thorough
nursing data, which could subsequently be examined to spot patterns,
assess treatments, and raise the standard of care. This system was the first
of its kind to be computerized and signified a significant achievement in
nursing information being integrated into nursing practice on a large scale. It
laid the foundation for subsequent developments in nursing documentation,
electronic health records, and healthcare informatics.
Which event was a critical milestone for nursing and computers in the 198os? Discuss its
significance.
One critical milestone for nursing and computers in the 1980s was the development and implementation
of the Nursing Minimum Data Set (NMDS). The NMDS was initiated by the American Nurses
Association (ANA) in collaboration with the American Nurses Foundation and the National Center for
Nursing Research. It aimed to standardize the collection of essential nursing data, leveraging the
emerging capabilities of computer technology.

Which event was a critical historical nursing and computer milestone in the
1990s? Discuss its significance.

One critical historical nursing and computer milestone in the 1990s was the development and
implementation of Electronic Health Records (EHRs). EHRs are digital versions of patients' paper charts,
containing their medical history, diagnoses, medications, treatment plans, immunization dates, allergies,
radiology images, and laboratory test results. The significance of this milestone cannot be overstated, as it
revolutionized the way patient information is recorded, accessed, and utilized in healthcare.

Before EHRs, healthcare professionals relied on paper-based records, which were cumbersome,
prone to errors, difficult to access remotely, and often resulted in fragmented care due to the lack of
interoperability between different healthcare providers. With the introduction of EHRs, nursing and other
healthcare professionals gained access to comprehensive, real-time patient information at their fingertips,
regardless of their physical location. This streamlined communication and coordination among
interdisciplinary healthcare teams, leading to improved patient safety, quality of care, and outcomes.