مشروع تخرج 2024

Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research
The Islamic University- College of Engineering Tech

Techniques Engineering Department
SEARCH TITLE
Arduino Traffic Light Controller and internet Communication system
Project submitted to Computer Tech. The Engineering Department of The
Islamic University as a partial investigation of requirements Or a Bachelor’s
degree in Engineering Computer Technology Engineering
By:
Hussein Hamza Bilal
Alal Hope Taher
Bashar Adnan Malbas
Supervised by:
Assist.Lecturer
Hussein Kadhem Bander
2024-2023
I
‫عسفاى‬
‫ال ٌسعًٌ اال اى اقدم فائق تقدٌسي ّشكسي ّاهتٌاًً إلى جوٍع أستاذتً فً الوساحل األكادٌوٍت‬
‫كافت لوا قدهٍْ ّصْالا بً الى ُرٍ الوسحلت كوا ّاخص بالشكس ّالتقدٌس ّاالهتٌاى للوشسف على‬
‫ُرا البحث األستاذ م‪.‬م حسٍي كاظن بٌدز لجِْدٍ الكبٍسة الوْاكبت لكل خطْاث العول فً‬
‫الوشسّع ّهساُوتَ فً ترلٍل كافت العقباث التً ّاجِتٌا فً العول على السغن هي قصس الفتسة‬
‫الزهٌٍت‪.‬‬
‫‪II‬‬
Dedication
To my dear parents, may God preserve them,

who spent their lives in order to educate me,
teach me, and guide me to the right path.
To my family members, brothers and friends,

and those who accompanied and accompanied
me during my academic career.
To everyone who spared no effort in helping

me.
To everyone who contributed to my teaching

and education, and if only with one letter
III
Acknowledgement
I would like to extend my sincere thanks to my research supervisor,

Assist.Lecturer Hussein Kadhem Bander for his valuable guidance, follow-up,
and our encouragement throughout our work in this research.
I would like to thank the assistant dean of the Department of Computer Techniques
Engineering, Assistant Professor (Asst. Prof Mohamed al mosawi), as well as the
Rapporteur of the Computer Technology Engineering Department in the Lec.
Kassem Jumaah Al attabi (Head of Departments).
I would also like to thank my distinguished Lecturers and wish them all the
success.
Finally, special thanks and appreciation to my dear parents, wishing them

continued health, safety and success.
IV
Certification
I certify that the dissertation entitled ) Arduino Traffic Light Controller

and internet Communication system) submitted by (Hussein Hamza Bilal,
Alal Hope Taher, Bashar Adnan Malbas) has been prepared under my
supervision at Department of Computer Techniques Engineering as a partial
fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor's degree in Computer Technology
Engineering.
Signature:
Name: Assist.Lecturer Hussein Kadhem Bander
)Supervisor(
Data : \ \
In view of the available recommendation, I forward this dissertation for debate by

the examining committee.
Signature
Name: Lec. Kassem Jumaah Al Attabi
(Head of Computer Technologies Engineering Department)
Data: \ \
V
Committee Report
We certify that we have read this letter entitled (Arduino Traffic Light Controller
and internet Communication system) submitted by (Hussein Hamza Bilal, Alal
Hope Taher, Bashar Adnan Malbas) as an examination committee, examining the
student's contents, and considering it suitable as a thesis for a bachelor’s degree in
computer technology engineering.
Signature Signature
Name: Name:
Data: \ \ Data: \ \
Signature Signature
Name: Name:
Data: \ \ Data: \ \
Approval of the College
Signature
Name: Asst. Prof Muhammad Ibrahim Al-Mousi
(Head The Islamic University/Branch Diwaneyah)
Date: \ \
VI
Index
Chapter One
1.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………..……………4
1.2 Background ……………………………………………………………….…………………………………….………...…………………4
1.2.1 Purpose of the project…………………………………………………………………….………………….……..……………….5
1.2.2 Overview of traffic light control systems …………………………….………………………………………….……………5
1.2.3 Brief history of previous projects ……………………………………………………..………………………...………………6
a. Manual control systems……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………7
b. Automatic control systems ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………8
c. Centralized control systems ……………………………………………………………………………………………..…….………8
1.3 Objectives ……………………………………………………………………………….………………….……………..….……………9
Chapter Two
2.1 Literature Review ………………………………………………………….………….………………………….…….…..…………11
2.2 Overview of Arduino Microcontroller …………………………………..……….……….…………..………….……………12
2.2.1 Description ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 12
2.2.2 Applications ………………………………………………………………………………………………..….……….………………13
2.3 Blynk App ………………………………………………………………………………..…….………………….……….………………14
2.3.1 Description …………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………..…………15
2.3.2 Features …………………………………………………………………………………………………………......…………………16
2.4 ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module …………………………………………………………………………..……………………...……………17
2.4.1 Description ………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………….……………18
2.4.2 Features ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...……..……………18
2.5 Comparison with other traffic light control systems ……………………………….…………………….………………19
2.5.1 Advantages …………………………………………………………………………………………..……….…………………………20
2.5.2 Limitations …………………………………………………………………………………………..…………….……….……………21
Chapter Third
3. Materials and Methods …………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………23
3.1. Hardware components ………………………………………………………………………………………..…..…………………24
3.1.1 Description …………………………………………………………………………………..………………..….……….……………25
3.1.2 Circuit diagram ……………………………………………………………………………….………………….….…………………26
3.2 Software components …………………………………………………………………..……………………...….…………………27
3.2.1 Description ……………………………………………………………………..……………..………………….….…………………27
3.2.2 Code ………………………………………………………………….…………………..……………………..….……….……………27
3.3 Blynk App …………………………………………………………………..………..............………………..….…………………36
1
3.3.1 Description ……………………………………………………………………..………...............…………….…………………37
3.3.2 Functionality ………………………………………………………………………..........………………..………………………38
3.4 SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION…………………………………..........………………..……………………….39
3.4.1 Code …………………………………..........………………..……………………….…………………………………..........……40
3.4.2 Android App …………………………………..........………………..……………………….…………………………………....43
3.4.3 Working…………………………………..........………………..……………………….…………………..……………………....43
Chapter Four
4. Results and Discussion …………………………………………………………………..……….............………………..….45
4.1 Results of the implementation ………………………………………………………….….............………………..….45
4.1.1.Circuit diagram ……………………………………………………………..…………..……….............………………..….45
4.1.2.Code ………………………………………………………………………………….……..……….............………………..….46
4.1.3.Blynk app ……………………………………………………………………………..…..……….............………………..….46
4.2 Discussion …………………………………………………………………………….……..……….............………………..….47
4.2.1. Advantages of the system ……………………………………………………………….….............………………..….48
4.2.2. Limitations of the system ………………………………………………………………………………..………………..….48
4.2.3. Comparison with other traffic light control systems …………………………….............………………..….49
Chapter Five
5. Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………….……..…..….............…………………..….52
5.1 Summary of the project …………………………………………………………………………............……..…..………..….52
5.2 Implications of the study……………………………………………………………………..……….……..………..………..….53
5.3 Recommendations for future work …………………………………………………...…................………………..….53
References ………………………………………………………………………….……….……..……..................………..….55—60
A. List of references used in the research paper
2
Chapter One
Introduction
3
1. Introduction:
Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software. It
consists of a single-board microcontroller, a programming language and an integrated
development environment (IDE) used to write and upload code to the board. The platform is
designed to be accessible to both beginners and experts in electronics, and is widely used by
hobbyists, artists, educators and professionals.[1]
An Arduino Traffic Light Controller is a microcontroller-based system used to control traffic

lights in a simple and efficient way. It is a cost-effective solution that can be easily customized to
meet the specific requirements of different intersections. The system is built using an Arduino
microcontroller, LEDs, and sensors, and can be programmed to operate the traffic lights in
various modes and sequences.
In addition, an internet communication system can be integrated into the Arduino Traffic Light
Controller to allow remote monitoring and control of the traffic lights. This can be achieved
using an Ethernet or Wi-Fi shield, which connects the controller to the internet, allowing data to
be sent and received from anywhere in the world. The internet communication system can also
be used to provide real-time traffic updates to motorists and pedestrians, improving safety and
reducing congestion on the roads.
Overall, the Arduino Traffic Light Controller and internet communication system offer an
effective and efficient solution for traffic control and management, providing a range of benefits
to both road users and traffic managers.[2]
1.1 Background:
Traffic management is a critical aspect of modern cities, and efficient traffic control systems are
essential to ensure the safety of road users and reduce congestion. Traffic lights are an integral
part of traffic management systems, and their efficient control is essential for maintaining
smooth traffic flow.[1]
Traditional traffic light controllers are often complex and expensive, requiring specialized
knowledge and maintenance. With the advent of microcontrollers such as the Arduino platform,
it has become possible to develop low-cost, customizable, and efficient traffic light
controllers.[2]
Furthermore, the integration of an internet communication system provides a range of benefits,

including remote monitoring and control, real-time traffic updates, and improved safety for road
users.
4
The development of the Arduino Traffic Light Controller and internet communication system has
been driven by the need for more efficient and cost-effective traffic control solutions, particularly
in urban areas where traffic density is high, and traffic management is challenging. The use of
Arduino technology has made it possible to develop traffic light controllers that are affordable,
customizable, and easy to maintain, while the integration of an internet communication system
has further improved the efficiency and effectiveness of traffic control systems.
The Arduino Traffic Light Controller and internet communication system are not only efficient
and cost-effective but are also environmentally friendly. The use of LED lights in the traffic light
system is more energy-efficient than traditional incandescent bulbs, reducing energy
consumption and operating costs. The system's customizable programming and real-time
monitoring capabilities enable traffic managers to optimize traffic flow and reduce congestion,
resulting in fewer vehicle emissions and improved air quality. Therefore, the Arduino Traffic
Light Controller and internet communication system contribute to building sustainable and smart
cities that are safer and more efficient for their inhabitants.
1.1.1 Purpose of the project:

The purpose of the Arduino Traffic Light Controller and internet communication system project
is to provide an efficient and cost-effective solution for traffic management in urban areas. The
project aims to develop a traffic light controller that can be easily customized to meet the specific
needs of different intersections, while also integrating an internet communication system for
remote monitoring and control.
The project's ultimate goal is to improve road safety and reduce congestion by optimizing traffic
flow through efficient traffic control systems. By using the Arduino platform and internet
communication technologies, the project aims to make traffic control systems more accessible,
affordable, and environmentally friendly.
Furthermore, the project also aims to encourage innovation and collaboration in the development
of smart and sustainable cities, promoting the use of technology to address urban challenges such
as traffic management. Ultimately, the Arduino Traffic Light Controller and internet
communication system project aims to contribute to the development of more livable and
sustainable urban environments.[3]
1.1.2 Overview of traffic light control systems:

Traffic light control systems are used to manage traffic flow at intersections, pedestrian
crossings, and other traffic control points. These systems typically consist of traffic lights,
sensors, and a controller, which work together to regulate traffic flow and improve safety for
road users and pedestrians.[4]
There are several types of traffic light control systems, including:
5
Fixed-time control: In this system, traffic lights are programmed to change at fixed intervals,
regardless of traffic conditions. This system is relatively simple but can result in traffic
congestion during peak hours.
Vehicle actuated control: This system uses sensors to detect the presence of vehicles and adjust
traffic light timings accordingly. It can be more efficient than fixed-time control but may result
in longer wait times for pedestrians.
Adaptive control: This system uses real-time traffic data to adjust traffic light timings based on
traffic flow. It is more efficient than fixed-time and vehicle actuated control but can be more
expensive to implement.
The Arduino Traffic Light Controller is a microcontroller-based system that can be programmed
to operate in various modes and sequences, providing a flexible and customizable solution for
traffic management. The integration of an internet communication system further enhances the
efficiency and effectiveness of traffic control systems, enabling remote monitoring and control
and real-time traffic updates. Overall, traffic light control systems play a critical role in
managing traffic flow and improving road safety, and new technologies such as the Arduino
Traffic Light Controller and internet communication systems are helping to make these systems
more efficient, effective, and sustainable.[5]
1.1.3 Brief history of previous projects:

Traffic light control systems have been in use for more than a century, with the first electric
traffic light introduced in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1914. Over the years, traffic light control systems
have evolved significantly, with the introduction of new technologies and innovative
solutions.[6]
In the 1960s, the development of microcontrollers paved the way for the introduction of
computerized traffic light control systems. These systems were more flexible and customizable
than their analog counterparts, allowing for more efficient traffic management.
In recent years, there have been several projects aimed at developing new and innovative traffic
light control systems. For example, in 2018, a team of researchers from MIT developed a system
that uses artificial intelligence to optimize traffic flow. The system uses real-time data to adjust
traffic light timings, reducing congestion and improving safety.
Similarly, in 2019, the city of Las Vegas implemented a smart traffic light system that uses
machine learning algorithms to adjust traffic light timings based on real-time traffic conditions.
The system has been shown to reduce travel times by up to 40%.
6
Other projects have focused on integrating traffic light control systems with other technologies,
such as the internet of things (IoT) and autonomous vehicles. These projects aim to develop more
efficient and sustainable traffic management solutions that can adapt to changing traffic
conditions and improve safety for road users and pedestrians.[7]
Overall, there have been several innovative and successful projects aimed at improving traffic
light control systems in recent years, with a focus on developing more efficient, flexible, and
sustainable solutions.
a. Manual control systems:

Manual traffic control systems involve human operators who manually control the traffic lights
at an intersection. This method is typically used in small or low-traffic areas where a full traffic
light control system is not practical or necessary. [8]
The most common type of manual traffic control system is the stop-and-go system, where the
operator manually switches the traffic lights from red to green to allow traffic flow in alternating
directions. This method requires the operator to be present at all times and can result in longer
wait times for road users.
Another type of manual traffic control system is the flagman system, where a flagman is
stationed at the intersection to direct traffic using hand signals or flags. This method is typically
used in construction zones or temporary road closures.
Manual traffic control systems can be effective in certain situations, but they are generally less
efficient than computerized or automated systems. Manual control systems are also more prone
to human error, which can result in accidents or traffic congestion.
In recent years, advances in technology have made automated traffic control systems more
accessible and cost-effective, reducing the need for manual systems in most situations. However,
manual control systems remain an important option for certain low-traffic areas or temporary
situations.
Manual control systems can also be used as a backup or contingency plan for automated traffic
control systems in case of a power outage, equipment malfunction, or other emergencies. In such
situations, manual control systems can be quickly deployed to maintain traffic flow and prevent
accidents or congestion.
In addition to traffic lights and flagmen, other manual control systems include temporary traffic
signals, which are portable traffic lights that can be set up at construction sites, events, or other
temporary road closures. These systems are designed to be quickly deployed and removed and
can be customized to meet the specific needs of the situation.
7
Overall, while manual traffic control systems have their limitations, they remain an important
part of the traffic control toolkit, providing flexibility and contingency options for traffic
management in various situations.
b. Automatic control systems:

Automatic traffic control systems use sensors, algorithms, and computerized control units to
manage traffic flow at intersections and other traffic control points. These systems are generally
more efficient and accurate than manual control systems, and they can adapt to changing traffic
conditions in real-time.
The most common type of automatic traffic control system is the fixed-time system, where
traffic light timings are pre-programmed based on historical traffic patterns and are adjusted
manually or semi-automatically as needed. This system is relatively simple and cost-effective but
can result in congestion during peak hours.
Another type of automatic traffic control system is the vehicle-actuated system, which uses
sensors to detect the presence of vehicles and adjust traffic light timings accordingly. This
system is more efficient than fixed-time systems and can reduce wait times for vehicles and
pedestrians.
Adaptive control systems are the most advanced type of automatic traffic control system. These
systems use real-time traffic data, including vehicle counts, speeds, and occupancy, to adjust
traffic light timings based on traffic flow. Adaptive systems can reduce congestion, improve
safety, and optimize traffic flow in real-time.
In recent years, automated traffic control systems have been enhanced with the integration of
other technologies, such as the internet of things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI). These
technologies can provide additional data and insights to optimize traffic flow, reduce emissions,
and improve safety.
Overall, automatic traffic control systems are more efficient, accurate, and cost-effective than
manual control systems, and they are essential for managing traffic flow in urban areas. With
advances in technology, automated traffic control systems are becoming more intelligent,
sustainable, and effective, providing safer and smoother journeys for road users and
pedestrians.[9]
c. Centralized control systems:

Centralized traffic control systems are a type of automated traffic control system that manages
traffic flow at multiple intersections or traffic control points from a centralized location. This
system can provide a higher level of control and coordination than individual intersection control
systems.
8
The centralized traffic control system collects real-time traffic data from various sensors and
sources, including traffic cameras, vehicle detectors, and weather sensors. This data is then
analyzed using algorithms to optimize traffic flow, reduce congestion, and improve safety.
Centralized traffic control systems can also be integrated with other transportation systems, such
as public transit and emergency services, to improve overall transportation efficiency and
effectiveness. For example, the system can give priority to emergency vehicles, adjust transit
schedules based on traffic conditions, and provide real-time information to road users.
One of the key benefits of centralized traffic control systems is the ability to adapt to changing
traffic conditions in real-time. The system can adjust traffic light timings, redirect traffic, and
provide real-time information to road users based on current traffic flow and conditions.
Overall, centralized traffic control systems are an effective solution for managing traffic flow in
large urban areas with high volumes of traffic. These systems can improve safety, reduce
congestion, and enhance overall transportation efficiency, providing a smoother and more
sustainable transportation experience for road users and pedestrians.[10]
1.2Objectives:
The objectives of the Arduino Traffic Light Controller and Internet Communication System
project can include:
 Develop an automated traffic light control system using Arduino microcontroller that can
manage traffic flow at intersections more efficiently and accurately than manual control
systems.
 Design a system that can be easily implemented and customized for various intersections
and traffic conditions.
 Integrate the traffic light control system with internet communication technology,
allowing real-time monitoring and control of the system from a remote location.
 Improve safety and reduce congestion at intersections, providing a smoother and more
sustainable transportation experience for road users and pedestrians.
 Develop a system that is cost-effective and sustainable, providing a long-term solution
for managing traffic flow in urban areas.
 Provide real-time information to road users and emergency services, optimizing
transportation efficiency and effectiveness.
 Create a system that can be easily maintained and upgraded as technology evolves,
ensuring that it remains relevant and effective over time
9
Chapter Two
Literature Review
10
2. Literature Review:
A literature review of the Arduino Traffic Light Controller and internet communication system
reveals a significant amount of research and development on this topic. The following is a
summary of the key findings from the literature.
 Arduino Traffic Light Controller:

The Arduino Traffic Light Controller is a popular project that has been widely studied and
developed. Many researchers have focused on the design and implementation of the controller,
including the use of different sensors to detect traffic, pedestrians, and bicycles. Additionally,
researchers have explored the use of machine learning algorithms to optimize traffic flow and
reduce congestion. The most common approach for implementing the traffic light controller is
through the use of a microcontroller such as the Arduino board.
 Internet Communication System:

An internet communication system is essential for remote communication with the traffic light
controller. Researchers have explored different communication protocols and technologies for
this purpose, including Ethernet, WiFi, and GSM. The most common approach is to use a WiFi
shield or Ethernet shield to connect the Arduino board to the internet. The communication
protocol used depends on the specific application and requirements of the system.
 Integration of Traffic Light Controller and Internet Communication System:

Several studies have investigated the integration of the traffic light controller and internet
communication system. Researchers have explored different approaches for integrating the two
systems, including the use of APIs, web servers, and cloud-based platforms. The main advantage
of integrating the two systems is the ability to remotely control and monitor the traffic light
controller, enabling real-time adjustments to traffic patterns and reducing traffic congestion.
Overall, the literature review reveals that the Arduino Traffic Light Controller and internet
communication system is a widely researched and developed topic. The integration of the traffic
light controller with an internet communication system enables remote control and monitoring,
allowing for real-time adjustments to traffic patterns and reducing traffic congestion. Further
research is needed to explore the application of this technology in different settings and to
optimize the system for various traffic conditions.
11
2.1 Overview of Arduino Microcontroller:
Arduino is a popular open-source microcontroller platform that is designed to make it easy for
people to create electronic projects [11]. The platform consists of a hardware board, which
includes a microcontroller chip, and a software development environment, which allows users to
write and upload code to the board [12].
The Arduino platform was first introduced in 2005 by a group of students at the Interaction
Design Institute Ivrea in Italy [13]. Since then, it has become widely adopted by hobbyists,
artists, designers, and engineers for a wide range of applications, from simple robotics projects to
complex home automation systems [14].
One of the key benefits of the Arduino platform is its simplicity and ease of use. The hardware
board is designed to be easy to connect to other components, and the software development
environment is designed to be user-friendly and accessible even to those with little or no
programming experience [15].
Another advantage of the Arduino platform is its flexibility. Because it is open-source, users can
modify the software and hardware to suit their specific needs, and there is a large community of
users who share their code and projects online [16].
Despite its popularity, there are some limitations to the Arduino platform. For example, it is not
suitable for high-performance applications, and it may not be the best choice for projects that
require a high degree of precision or accuracy [17].
Overall, the Arduino platform is a powerful and accessible tool for creating electronic projects of
all kinds. Its simplicity, flexibility, and affordability make it an ideal choice for hobbyists,
students, and professionals alike.
2.1.1 Description:
An Arduino traffic light controller with internet communication system is a project that
combines the simplicity and flexibility of the Arduino platform with the power of internet
communication to create a sophisticated and efficient traffic control system [18].
To create such a system, the first step is to select the appropriate hardware and software
components. This may include an Arduino board, Ethernet shield, and various sensors and
actuators, as well as software libraries and development tools [19].
Once the hardware and software components have been selected, the next step is to design and
implement the system. This may involve writing code to control the traffic lights and
12
communicate with the internet, as well as testing and debugging the system to ensure that it
functions as intended [20].
One of the key benefits of using an Arduino for this project is its simplicity and ease of use. The
Arduino platform is designed to be accessible even to those with little or no programming
experience, making it an ideal choice for hobbyists, students, and professionals alike [21].
Another advantage of the Arduino platform is its flexibility. Because it is open-source, users can
modify the software and hardware to suit their specific needs, and there is a large community of
users who share their code and projects online [22].
In conclusion, an Arduino traffic light controller with internet communication system is a

powerful and efficient way to control traffic and ensure the safety of drivers and pedestrians. By
combining the simplicity and flexibility of the Arduino platform with the power of internet
communication, this project demonstrates the potential of technology to create innovative and
impactful solutions to real-world problems.
2.1.2 Applications:
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the development of smart traffic systems that
can improve traffic flow and reduce congestion in urban areas [23]. One promising approach is
the use of Arduino-based traffic light controllers that can be easily programmed and customized
for specific traffic patterns [24]. These controllers can also be integrated with internet
communication systems, allowing for real-time monitoring and control of traffic flow [25].
Arduino-based traffic light controllers offer several advantages over traditional systems. For
example, they are relatively inexpensive and easy to configure, making them ideal for small-
scale projects and experimental installations [26]. They can also be easily modified to suit
specific traffic conditions, such as adjusting the timing of traffic lights during peak hours or
reducing wait times for pedestrians [27].
To further enhance the capabilities of Arduino-based traffic light controllers, internet

communication systems can be integrated into the design [28]. This allows for real-time data
collection and analysis, which can be used to optimize traffic flow and improve safety [29].
Additionally, internet communication systems can provide remote control and monitoring of
traffic lights, making it possible to respond quickly to changing traffic conditions [30].
One potential application of Arduino-based traffic light controllers with internet communication
systems is in the development of smart cities [31]. By integrating these systems with other smart
city technologies, such as smart parking systems and public transportation networks, it is
possible to create a more efficient and sustainable urban environment [32]. Additionally, these
13
systems can be used to improve safety by reducing the number of accidents caused by human
error [33].
 Smart cities are characterized by the use of technology to improve the quality of life of
their inhabitants. Traffic management is one of the main areas where smart city
technology is being applied, and Arduino-based traffic light controllers are a promising
solution. Several studies have shown that Arduino-based traffic light controllers can
improve traffic flow, reduce congestion and emissions, and increase safety on roads [34].
Furthermore, incorporating internet communication systems into traffic light controllers
can enable real-time monitoring and control of traffic flow, which can further enhance the
efficiency of the traffic management system [35].
 intelligent transportation systems (ITS). ITS involves the integration of information and
communication technologies into transportation systems to improve safety, efficiency,
and sustainability. Arduino-based traffic light controllers and internet communication
systems can be used as a key component of ITS. For example, Arduino-based traffic light
controllers can be integrated with other ITS components such as vehicle-to-infrastructure
(V2I) communication systems to provide real-time traffic information to vehicles [36].
This can help reduce traffic congestion, improve fuel efficiency, and reduce emissions.
 industrial automation. Arduino-based traffic light controllers and internet communication
systems can be used to automate traffic control systems in industrial environments such
as warehouses, factories, and ports. The automation of traffic control systems can
improve efficiency, reduce accidents, and increase worker safety. Several studies have
shown that Arduino-based traffic light controllers can be used in industrial environments
to improve traffic flow and reduce congestion. Incorporating internet communication
systems into these controllers can enable remote monitoring and control of traffic flow,
which can further enhance the efficiency and safety of the industrial environment [37].
2.2 Blynk App:
Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on simple software and hardware that
allows users to create interactive projects. One of the many applications of Arduino is traffic
light control. An Arduino traffic light controller can be used to manage traffic at intersections,
crossings, or pedestrian walkways. The traffic light controller can be programmed to manage
different traffic patterns, depending on the traffic volume and other factors [38].
In addition to traffic light control, the Arduino traffic light controller can also be integrated with
an internet communication system, such as the Blynk app. Blynk is an Internet of Things (IoT)
platform that allows users to control hardware devices remotely using a mobile app. With Blynk,
14
users can create customized mobile apps to control their Arduino traffic light controller from
anywhere in the world [39].
To use Blynk with Arduino traffic light controller, you will need to connect the Arduino to a Wi-
Fi module, such as the ESP8266, and install the Blynk library. Once the Arduino is connected to
the Wi-Fi module and the Blynk library is installed, you can use the Blynk app to control the
traffic light controller. The app can be customized to display different traffic patterns, depending
on the time of day or the volume of traffic [40].
Blynk provides a user-friendly interface that makes it easy to create customized mobile apps for
controlling Arduino traffic light controllers. The app can be designed to display real-time data,
such as the number of vehicles or pedestrians at an intersection, or to provide alerts when the
traffic volume exceeds a certain threshold. Blynk also provides a range of widgets, such as
buttons, sliders, and gauges, that can be used to control the traffic light controller [41].
In conclusion, the Arduino traffic light controller is a useful tool for managing traffic at
intersections, crossings, or pedestrian walkways. By integrating the traffic light controller with
an internet communication system, such as the Blynk app, users can control the traffic light
controller remotely using a mobile app. Blynk provides a user-friendly interface that makes it
easy to create customized mobile apps for controlling Arduino traffic light controllers [42].
3. Description:
The Blynk app has been used in various traffic light control systems to enable remote control and
monitoring of traffic lights. In one study, a traffic light controller based on the Arduino
microcontroller was developed, and the Blynk app was used to provide a user interface for
controlling the traffic lights remotely. The app allowed users to change the duration of each
traffic light phase and also provided real-time feedback on the status of the traffic lights [43].
Another study explored the use of the Blynk app in a smart traffic light system that used machine
learning algorithms to optimize traffic flow. The app was used to collect data from the traffic
light system and provide real-time feedback to the machine learning algorithms. The app also
allowed users to remotely control the traffic light system and monitor its performance [44].
In addition to traffic light control, the Blynk app has also been used in other IoT applications.
For example, it has been used to monitor and control home automation systems, greenhouse
environments, and industrial automation systems [45]. The app's ease of use and ability to
connect to a wide range of IoT devices make it a popular choice for many IoT applications.
15
Overall, the Blynk app provides a simple and effective way to control and monitor IoT devices,
including traffic light systems. Its user-friendly interface and compatibility with a wide range of
devices make it a popular choice for IoT applications.
4. Features:
The Blynk app offers several features that make it a popular choice for IoT applications,
including traffic light control systems. One of its key features is its user-friendly interface, which
allows users to easily control and monitor their IoT devices. The app also supports a wide range
of IoT devices and communication protocols, making it easy to integrate with different types of
hardware [46].
Another important feature of the Blynk app is its ability to support real-time communication
between the IoT device and the user's mobile device. This allows users to receive immediate
feedback on the status of their devices and make adjustments as needed. The app also supports
push notifications, which can be used to alert users to important events or changes in their IoT
system [47].
In addition, the Blynk app offers a range of widgets and visualization tools that can be used to
create customized user interfaces for IoT devices. These widgets include buttons, sliders, graphs,
and gauges, which can be used to display data and control the behavior of the device. The app
also supports the creation of custom widgets, which can be used to create more advanced user
interfaces [48].
Overall, the Blynk app offers a range of features that make it a powerful tool for controlling and
monitoring IoT devices, including traffic light control systems. Its user-friendly interface, real-
time communication capabilities, and support for custom widgets make it a popular choice for
many IoT applications.
Another useful feature of the Blynk app is its cloud integration, which allows users to store and
access data from their IoT devices in the cloud. This feature can be especially useful for
applications that require data logging or remote data analysis. The Blynk cloud also offers
various tools for managing and analyzing data, such as data visualization tools and data export
options [49].
The Blynk app also offers support for multiple languages, which can be useful for users who
prefer to use the app in their native language. The app currently supports over 20 languages,
16
including English, Spanish, Chinese, and Arabic. This feature can help make the app more
accessible to users around the world [50].
C. ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module:
The ESP8266 is a low-cost Wi-Fi module that is widely used in IoT projects. It was first
introduced in 2014 by the Chinese company Espressif Systems, and since then it has become a
popular choice for IoT applications due to its low cost, small size, and easy-to-use interface. The
ESP8266 is based on the Tensilica Xtensa LX106 processor, and it comes with integrated Wi-Fi
support [51].
One of the main advantages of the ESP8266 is its low cost. The module is available for as little
as a few dollars, making it a popular choice for hobbyists and makers. Despite its low cost, the
module offers a range of features, including support for both client and access point modes,
support for multiple network protocols, and built-in security features [52].
Another advantage of the ESP8266 is its small size. The module measures just 24mm x 16mm,
making it easy to integrate into small devices. Despite its small size, the module offers a range of
features, including support for WPA/WPA2 security protocols, support for multiple network
protocols, and support for firmware updates over-the-air [53].
Overall, the ESP8266 is a versatile and affordable Wi-Fi module that is well-suited for a range of
IoT applications. Its low cost, small size, and easy-to-use interface make it a popular choice for
hobbyists, makers, and professional developers alike.
The ESP8266 offers several features that make it ideal for IoT projects. One of the most
important features of the module is its integrated Wi-Fi support, which allows it to connect to
wireless networks and communicate with other devices on the network. This feature makes it
easy to develop IoT applications that require wireless connectivity, such as remote monitoring
and control systems, home automation systems, and smart devices [54].
Another important feature of the ESP8266 is its support for firmware updates over-the-air
(OTA). This feature allows developers to update the module's firmware remotely, without the
need for physical access to the device. This can be especially useful in IoT applications where
devices are located in remote or hard-to-reach locations. OTA updates can help improve the
reliability and security of IoT systems by ensuring that devices are always running the latest
firmware [55].
17
The ESP8266 also supports a range of network protocols, including TCP/IP, UDP, HTTP, and
MQTT. This makes it easy to develop IoT applications that communicate with other devices and
services over the internet. The module also offers built-in security features, such as support for
WPA/WPA2 security protocols, to help ensure the privacy and integrity of data transmitted over
the network [56].
5. Description:
The ESP8266 Wi-Fi module is a key component in many IoT projects, including the Arduino
traffic light controller and internet communication system. The module is used to provide
wireless connectivity between the traffic light controller and other devices on the network, such
as a smartphone or computer.
In the traffic light controller system, the ESP8266 is used to connect the Arduino board to the
internet, allowing it to receive commands from a remote device. This allows the traffic light
controller to be controlled remotely, either through a custom-built app or a web interface. For
example, the system could be set up to allow a traffic operator to change the timing of the traffic
lights based on changing traffic conditions [57].
The ESP8266 also provides the ability to monitor and collect data from the traffic light controller
system. For example, the system could be set up to collect data on traffic patterns, including the
number of cars passing through each intersection and the average wait time at each traffic light.
This data could then be used to optimize the timing of the traffic lights to improve traffic flow
[58].
In addition to providing wireless connectivity, the ESP8266 also offers built-in security features
that can help protect the traffic light controller system from unauthorized access or attacks.
These features include support for WPA/WPA2 security protocols, as well as built-in encryption
and authentication mechanisms [59].
Overall, the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module plays a critical role in the Arduino traffic light controller
and internet communication system. Its ability to provide wireless connectivity, data collection
and analysis, and built-in security features make it an ideal choice for IoT applications.
6. Features:
The ESP8266 Wi-Fi module has several features that make it a useful component in the Arduino
traffic light controller and internet communication system. One of its most important features is
18
its ability to provide wireless connectivity, allowing the traffic light controller to communicate
with other devices on the network, such as a smartphone or computer. This enables the system to
be controlled remotely, making it more convenient and flexible [60].
Another important feature of the ESP8266 is its support for firmware updates over-the-air
(OTA). This feature enables the traffic light controller to be updated remotely without the need
for physical access to the device. OTA updates can help ensure that the traffic light controller is
running the latest firmware, which can improve the system's reliability and security [61].
The ESP8266 also offers built-in security features, including support for WPA/WPA2 security
protocols, which help ensure the privacy and integrity of data transmitted over the network. This
is especially important in an IoT system like the traffic light controller, which may be vulnerable
to attacks if not properly secured [35].
Additionally, the ESP8266 supports a range of network protocols, such as TCP/IP, UDP, HTTP,
and MQTT, which can be used to communicate with other devices and services over the internet.
This makes it easier to develop and integrate the traffic light controller system with other IoT
devices and services, providing more opportunities for innovation and expansion [63].
Overall, the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module has several features that make it an excellent choice for the
Arduino traffic light controller and internet communication system. Its wireless connectivity,
support for OTA updates, built-in security features, and support for multiple network protocols
make it a powerful and versatile component for IoT applications.
2.3 Comparison with other traffic light control systems:
In comparison with other traffic light control systems, the Arduino traffic light controller and
internet communication system offers several advantages. One of the main advantages is its
flexibility and ease of customization. The use of the Arduino platform allows for easy
modification and extension of the system's functionality, making it adaptable to various traffic
scenarios and requirements [64].
Another advantage is the system's ability to integrate with other IoT devices and services. The
use of the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module and Blynk app enables the traffic light controller to
communicate with other devices on the network, such as smartphones, computers, and other IoT
devices. This opens up a range of possibilities for integrating the traffic light system with other
smart city applications, such as traffic monitoring and management systems [65].
Moreover, the use of open-source hardware and software in the Arduino traffic light controller
and internet communication system makes it more accessible and affordable compared to other
19
proprietary systems. The availability of open-source libraries and resources also makes it easier
for developers to create custom applications and extensions for the system [66].
However, the Arduino traffic light controller and internet communication system also has some
limitations. One of the main limitations is its reliance on the stability of the Wi-Fi network. Any
disruption in the network connection can lead to delays or failures in the traffic light control,
which can have serious consequences on road safety. To address this issue, the system needs to
have backup measures in place, such as fallback modes that use local sensors or timers [67].
Overall, the Arduino traffic light controller and internet communication system offers several
advantages over other traffic light control systems, including flexibility, integration with other
IoT devices and services, and affordability. However, it also has some limitations that need to be
addressed to ensure the system's reliability and safety.
7. Advantages:
In Literature Review for Arduino Traffic Light Controller and internet Communication system
The Arduino traffic light controller and internet communication system offers several advantages
over other traffic light control systems. One of the main advantages is its flexibility and ease of
customization. The use of the Arduino platform allows for easy modification and extension of
the system's functionality, making it adaptable to various traffic scenarios and requirements. This
is in contrast to other proprietary systems that may have limited customization options and
require specialized expertise for modifications [68].
Another advantage is the system's ability to integrate with other IoT devices and services. The
use of the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module and Blynk app enables the traffic light controller to
communicate with other devices on the network, such as smartphones, computers, and other IoT
devices. This opens up a range of possibilities for integrating the traffic light system with other
smart city applications, such as traffic monitoring and management systems. Other traffic light
control systems may not have the same level of integration capabilities, limiting their
functionality and potential for integration with other systems [69].
Moreover, the use of open-source hardware and software in the Arduino traffic light controller
and internet communication system makes it more accessible and affordable compared to other
proprietary systems. The availability of open-source libraries and resources also makes it easier
for developers to create custom applications and extensions for the system. This is in contrast to
other systems that may require licensing fees or specialized software and hardware that can
increase the overall cost of the system [70].
20
Overall, the flexibility, integration capabilities, and affordability of the Arduino traffic light
controller and internet communication system give it a significant advantage over other traffic
light control systems. These advantages make it an attractive option for smart city applications,
where customization, integration, and cost-effectiveness are important consideration
8. Limitations:
While the Arduino traffic light controller and internet communication system has several
advantages, it also has some limitations compared to other traffic light control systems. One
limitation is the need for programming skills to configure and modify the system. Unlike some
proprietary systems that may have user-friendly interfaces or require minimal programming, the
Arduino system requires users to have at least basic programming knowledge. This can be a
barrier to entry for some users who may not have the necessary programming skills [71].
Another limitation is the potential for reliability issues with the system. The use of open-source
hardware and software means that the system is dependent on community-driven development
and support. This can result in inconsistencies in hardware and software compatibility, as well as
potential security vulnerabilities. In contrast, proprietary systems often have dedicated
development teams and established support channels, which can provide greater reliability and
security [72].
Finally, the scalability of the Arduino traffic light controller and internet communication system
may be limited compared to other systems. While the system can be extended through the use of
additional hardware and software, it may not be suitable for larger-scale deployments that require
centralized management and control. In contrast, some proprietary systems may have more
advanced scalability features that can accommodate larger and more complex deployments [73].
Despite these limitations, the Arduino traffic light controller and internet communication system
remains a viable option for traffic light control in smaller-scale deployments, such as in smart
city applications. Its flexibility, integration capabilities, and affordability make it an attractive
option for those looking for a customizable and cost-effective traffic light control system.
21
22
Chapter Third
Materials and
Methods
23
3. Materials and Methods:
Materials and Methods for an Arduino Traffic Light Controller and internet Communication
system involve the use of several components and techniques to create a functional traffic
management system. Firstly, the Arduino board serves as the core component of the traffic light
controller, controlling the timing of the traffic lights and managing the communication between
the various components [74]. The LED lights serve as the visual cues for the traffic light system,
and resistors are used to protect the LEDs from excessive current flow [75]. Additionally,
Ethernet shields or WiFi modules are used to connect the traffic light controller to the internet,
allowing for remote management and monitoring of the traffic lights [76].
The construction of the traffic light controller involves assembling the various components on a
breadboard or printed circuit board (PCB) according to a schematic diagram. Jumper wires are
used to connect the various components, and the traffic light timing sequence is programmed
using the Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) [77]. Testing is done by
observing the behavior of the traffic lights and ensuring that the timing sequence is accurate and
appropriate for the traffic flow.
Connecting the traffic light controller to the internet involves configuring the Ethernet shield or
WiFi module with the settings of the router or modem. This allows the traffic light controller to
communicate with a web server or mobile app, enabling remote management and monitoring of
the traffic lights [78]. Deployment of the traffic light controller involves installing it at a real-
world location such as a busy intersection or a parking lot. Performance monitoring is done to
ensure that the traffic light controller is functioning correctly, and any necessary adjustments are
made to the timing or sequence.
Maintenance of the traffic light controller involves regular checks of the hardware components
for damage or wear, updating the software code to fix bugs or add new features, and ensuring the
internet connection is secure and stable [79]. This can help ensure that the traffic light controller
operates effectively and efficiently, reducing the risk of accidents and improving traffic flow.
Here is a possible Materials and Methods list for an Arduino Traffic Light Controller with
Internet communication system:
Materials:
 Arduino board (e.g. Arduino Uno or Arduino Nano )
 Breadboard or PCB board
 LED lights (e.g. red, yellow, green)
 Resistors (e.g. 220 Ohm, 1K Ohm)
24
 Jumper wires
 Ethernet shield or WiFi module
 Router or modem with internet connection
Methods:
1. Assemble the circuit on the breadboard or PCB board according to the schematic
diagram. Connect the LEDs to the digital pins of the Arduino through the resistors.
Connect the Ethernet shield or WiFi module to the Arduino board and the router/modem.
2. Write the code for the traffic light controller in the Arduino IDE or another compatible
software. The code should include a loop that changes the state of the LEDs (red, yellow,
green) in a timed sequence, simulating a traffic light. The code should also include
instructions for reading input from the Ethernet shield or WiFi module and sending
output to the internet, such as a web server or a mobile app.
3. Test the traffic light controller by uploading the code to the Arduino board and observing
the behavior of the LEDs. Make sure the traffic light sequence is correct and the timing is
appropriate for the traffic flow.
4. Connect the traffic light controller to the internet by configuring the Ethernet shield or
WiFi module with the router/modem settings. Test the connection by sending commands
to the traffic light controller from a web server or mobile app.
5. Deploy the traffic light controller in a real-world location, such as a busy intersection or a
parking lot. Monitor the performance of the traffic light controller and adjust the timing
or sequence if necessary.
6. Maintain the traffic light controller by checking the hardware components for damage or
wear, updating the software code to fix bugs or add new features, and keeping the
internet connection secure and stable.
3.1 Hardware components:
The Arduino Traffic Light Controller is a project that demonstrates the use of microcontrollers in
traffic control systems. The hardware components of the project include an Arduino
microcontroller board, a set of LEDs for the traffic lights, and resistors to limit the current
flowing through the LEDs. The microcontroller is programmed to control the traffic light
sequence and timings, based on inputs from sensors or manual switches. The project can be
25
expanded to include additional features such as pedestrian crossing signals and vehicle detection
sensors, making it a useful tool for traffic engineers and city planners [80].
Internet communication is an essential component of many modern traffic control systems,

allowing traffic data to be collected and analyzed in real-time. The Arduino Traffic Light
Controller can be equipped with an internet communication system to enable remote monitoring
and control of the traffic lights. This can be achieved using a variety of communication protocols
such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or cellular networks. The internet connectivity can be used to transmit
traffic data to a central control system or to receive commands to modify the traffic light
sequence based on changing traffic conditions [81].
In summary, the Arduino Traffic Light Controller is a microcontroller-based system that can be
used to control traffic lights and collect traffic data. The system can be enhanced with an internet
communication module to enable remote monitoring and control of the traffic lights. The project
provides a useful demonstration of the application of microcontrollers in traffic control systems
and the potential benefits of integrating internet communication [82].
3.1.1 Description:
The hardware components required for an Arduino Traffic Light Controller and internet
communication system would include:
1. Arduino Board: An Arduino board is a microcontroller board that is used to control

electronic devices. It can be programmed using the Arduino software to control the traffic
light system.
2. Traffic Light LEDs: The traffic light system will require three LED lights, one for each
color: red, yellow, and green. These LEDs will be used to control traffic flow.
3. Resistors: Resistors are used to limit the current flowing through the LEDs and to protect
the LEDs from damage.
4. Internet Communication Module: An internet communication module such as the

ESP8266 WiFi module can be used to connect the traffic light controller to the internet.
This will allow the traffic light system to be controlled remotely using a web interface.
5. Power Supply: A power supply is needed to power the Arduino board and the traffic light
LEDs.
6. Breadboard and Jumper Wires: A breadboard and jumper wires are used to connect the
various components together.
26
To build the system, you would need to connect the LEDs to the Arduino board using the
appropriate resistors. You would then program the Arduino board to control the traffic lights
based on a predefined sequence or a remote command sent over the internet using the internet
communication module. Finally, you would connect the internet communication module to the
Arduino board and configure it to connect to the internet.
3.1.2 Circuit diagram:

A traffic light controller using an Arduino can be designed to control the traffic lights in a
particular area based on a pre-defined schedule or in response to real-time traffic conditions. The
controller can be connected to the internet to enable remote access and monitoring of the traffic
lights.
fig(1) linking the four way to controlle
3.2Software components:
27
The Arduino Traffic Light Controller and internet Communication system are two separate
software components that can be used together to create a smart traffic management system.
The Arduino Traffic Light Controller is a software component that controls the timing and
sequencing of traffic lights. It can be programmed to switch between different light patterns and
adjust the timing based on traffic flow. This component is typically used in conjunction with
physical hardware, such as an Arduino board and sensors, to control real-world traffic lights.
The internet Communication system is a software component that enables communication

between the traffic light controller and a remote server or other devices connected to the internet.
This component can be used to transmit data about traffic flow, monitor the status of traffic
lights, and receive commands from a central traffic management system. It typically uses internet
protocols such as HTTP or MQTT to send and receive data.
When combined, the Arduino Traffic Light Controller and internet Communication system can
create a smart traffic management system that can adjust traffic light timings in real-time based
on traffic flow data, reduce congestion and improve traffic flow.
3.2.1 Description:
The Arduino Traffic Light Controller is a software component that allows an Arduino
microcontroller board to control traffic lights. It typically includes a set of functions that define
the timing and sequence of the traffic lights, as well as any other necessary features such as
pedestrian crossing signals or emergency vehicle detection.
The internet communication system is another software component that enables devices to
communicate with each other over the internet. It typically includes a set of protocols and
interfaces that allow devices to exchange data packets and establish connections, as well as any
necessary security features such as encryption or authentication. In the context of a traffic light
controller, the internet communication system might be used to connect multiple traffic lights
together or to connect the traffic lights to a central control system that monitors and manages
traffic flow.
3.2.2 Code:
The Arduino Traffic Light Controller is a program designed to automate traffic lights using an
Arduino board. This code is responsible for controlling the signals that manage traffic flow in a
given area. It can also be used to communicate with the internet, allowing for real-time traffic
updates and monitoring.
28
The program consists of two main components: the traffic light controller and the internet
communication system. The traffic light controller handles the actual traffic light signals by
controlling the state of the LED lights on the Arduino board. The internet communication system
allows the traffic light controller to connect to the internet and send data to a remote server or
API.
To set up the traffic light controller, the program first defines the pins used for each LED light,
such as the red, yellow, and green lights. The setup function then initializes these pins as output
pins, allowing the program to control the state of each light. The loop function of the program
then handles the timing and sequencing of the traffic light signals.
The internet communication system in the program allows the traffic light controller to send data
to a remote server or API for real-time traffic updates. This is done by defining a URL for the
internet endpoint where the data will be sent. The program then uses HTTP requests to send data
to this endpoint, allowing for data to be transmitted in real-time.
Overall, the Arduino Traffic Light Controller and internet communication system is a powerful
tool for managing traffic flow in a given area. By automating the traffic light signals and
allowing for real-time data transmission, this program can help improve safety and efficiency on
the roads.
#define ledA1 2
#define ledA2 3
#define ledA3 4
#define ledB1 5
#define ledB2 6
#define ledB3 7
#define ledC1 8
#define ledC2 9
#define ledC3 10
#define ledD1 12
#define ledD2 11
#define ledD3 13
int a1, a2, b1, b2, c1, c2, d1, d2;
29
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(ledA1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(ledB1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(ledC1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(ledD1, OUTPUT);
void loop() {
readSensor();
if (b1 == 1 && b2 == 1)
roadBopen();
else if (d1 == 1 && d2 == 1 && (b1 == 0 b2 == 0))
roadDopen();
if (b1 == 1 && b2 == 1)
30
{
roadBopen();
else if (a1 == 1 && a2 == 1 && ((d2 == 0 b2 == 0) (d1 == 0 b1 == 0)))
roadAopen();
if (b1 == 1 && b2 == 1)
roadBopen();
else if (d1 == 1 && d2 == 1 && (b1 == 0 b2 == 0))
roadDopen();
else if (c1 == 1 && c2 == 1 && ((d2 == 0 b2 == 0 a2 == 0) (d1 == 0 b1 == 0 a1 == 0)))
roadCopen();
if (b1 == 1 && b2 == 1)
roadBopen();
else if (d1 == 1 && d2 == 1 && (b1 == 0 b2 == 0))
31
roadDopen();
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
else if ((b1 == 1 && b2 == 0) && (c1 == 1 d1 == 1 b1 == 1) && (c2 == 1 && d2 == 1 &&

b2 == 1))
roadBopen();
else if ((d1 == 1 && d2 == 0) && (c1 == 1 a1 == 1) && (b1 == 0 && b2 == 0) && (c2 == 0
&& a2 == 0))
roadDopen();
else if ((a1 == 1 && a2 == 0) && (c1 == 1 && c2 == 0) && (d1 == 0 && d2 == 0) && (b1
== 0 && b2 == 0))
roadAopen();
else if ((c1 == 1 && c2 == 0) && (b1 == 0 b2 == 0) && (d1 == 0 d2 == 0) && (a1 == 0 a2

== 0))
roadCopen();
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
else if ((b1 == 1 && b2 == 0) && (c1 == 0 c2 == 0) && (d1 == 0 d2 == 0) && (a1 == 0 a2

== 0))
32
{
roadBopen();
else if ((d1 == 1 && d2 == 0) && (c1 == 0 c2 == 0) && (b1 == 0 b2 == 0) && (a1 == 0 a2

== 0))
roadDopen();
else if ((a1 == 1 && a2 == 0) && (c1 == 0 c2 == 0) && (d1 == 0 d2 == 0) && (b1 == 0 b2

== 0))
roadAopen();
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
else if (a1 == 0 && b1 == 0 && c1 == 0 && d1 == 0)
roadBopen();
if (a1 == 0 && b1 == 0 && c1 == 0 && d1 == 0)
roadDopen();
if (a1 == 0 && b1 == 0 && c1 == 0 && d1 == 0)
roadAopen();
if (a1 == 0 && b1 == 0 && c1 == 0 && d1 == 0)
33
{
roadCopen();
void readSensor()
a1 = analogRead(A7);
a2 = analogRead(A6);
b1 = analogRead(A4);
b2 = analogRead(A5);
c1 = analogRead(A1);
c2 = analogRead(A0);
d1 = analogRead(A3);
d2 = analogRead(A2);
if (a1 < 400) a1 = 1; else a1 = 0; if (a2 < 400) a2 = 1; else a2 = 0;
if (b1 < 400) b1 = 1; else b1 = 0; if (b2 < 400) b2 = 1; else b2 = 0;
if (c1 < 400) c1 = 1; else c1 = 0; if (c2 < 400) c2 = 1; else c2 = 0;
if (d1 < 400) d1 = 1; else d1 = 0; if (d2 < 400) d2 = 1; else d2 = 0;
Serial.print(a1);
Serial.print("\t");
Serial.print(a2);
Serial.print("\t");
Serial.print(b1);
Serial.print("\t");
34
Serial.print(b2);
Serial.print("\t");
Serial.print(c1);
Serial.print("\t");
Serial.print(c2);
Serial.print("\t");
Serial.print(d1);
Serial.print("\t");
Serial.print(d2);
Serial.println("\t");
void roadAopen()
digitalWrite(ledA3, LOW);
digitalWrite(ledA1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(ledB3, HIGH);
digitalWrite(ledC3, HIGH);
digitalWrite(ledD3, HIGH);
delay(10000);
delay(1000);
readSensor();
35
void roadBopen()
digitalWrite(ledB3, LOW);
delay(10000);
delay(1000);
readSensor();
void roadCopen()
digitalWrite(ledC3, LOW);
delay(10000);
delay(1000);
36
readSensor();
void roadDopen()
digitalWrite(ledD3, LOW);
delay(10000);
delay(1000);
readSensor();
3.3Blynk App:
Blynk App is a platform that allows users to create mobile applications that control connected
devices using the Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The Blynk App Materials and Methods
refer to the tools and techniques used to create and customize Blynk projects.
#define BLYNK_PRINT Serial // Comment this out to disable prints and save space
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <BlynkSimpleEsp8266.h>
char auth[] = "ymQpOmGpIamQ-mqiFlQrOo-2c6ipLjgz";
37
char ssid[] = "Rahman";
char pass[] = "100500600700";
void setup()
{Serial.begin(9600)
Blynk.begin(auth,ssid,pass);
void loop()
Blynk.run();
3.3.1 Description:
Here are some of the Materials and Methods used in Blynk App:
A. Widgets: Widgets are the building blocks of Blynk applications. They represent the user
interface components that allow users to control and monitor connected devices. Blynk offers a
wide range of widgets such as buttons, sliders, gauges, graphs, and more. Widgets can be added,
removed, and customized to create the desired user interface.
B. Blynk Libraries: Blynk Libraries are collections of pre-written code that simplify the
development of Blynk projects. They contain ready-made code snippets that can be easily
integrated into a project. These libraries include the Blynk Library, which provides the core
functionality of the Blynk platform, and additional libraries that provide extended functionality
for specific types of devices.
C. Blynk Cloud: Blynk Cloud is the backend infrastructure that allows Blynk applications to
communicate with connected devices over the internet. It provides a secure and scalable platform
for data transfer and storage. Blynk Cloud also offers additional features such as data logging,
push notifications, and integration with third-party services.
D. Blynk Server: Blynk Server is an open-source backend infrastructure that allows users to
host their own Blynk Cloud. This gives users complete control over their data and the ability to
customize the Blynk platform to meet their specific needs. Blynk Server requires technical
expertise to set up and maintain, but it offers greater flexibility and control than Blynk Cloud.
38
E. Blynk App Builder: Blynk App Builder is a web-based tool that allows users to create and
customize Blynk applications without writing any code. It provides a drag-and-drop interface for
adding widgets, configuring device settings, and customizing the user interface. Blynk App
Builder is a great option for users who are new to programming or who want to quickly create a
prototype of their project.
In summary, the Blynk App Materials and Methods include widgets, libraries, Blynk Cloud,
Blynk Server, and Blynk App Builder. These tools and techniques make it easy for users to
create and customize IoT applications that control connected devices over the internet.
3.3.2 Functionality:
Blynk App is a mobile application that allows users to create custom graphical user interfaces
(GUIs) for their Internet of Things (IoT) devices. With Blynk App, users can control and monitor
their IoT devices remotely using their smartphones or tablets. The app offers a range of widgets,
including buttons, sliders, graphs, and displays, which users can drag and drop onto their GUIs to
create custom controls for their devices. Additionally, Blynk App provides a cloud-based server
that allows users to securely connect their IoT devices to the internet, enabling remote control
and monitoring.
To use Blynk App, users must first create an account and download the app onto their mobile
device. Next, they must connect their IoT device to the internet using one of the supported
hardware platforms, such as Arduino, Raspberry Pi, or ESP8266. Users can then create a new
project in Blynk App, select the appropriate hardware platform, and start designing their GUI.
Once the GUI is complete, users can add virtual pins to their widgets, which act as a bridge
between the app and the IoT device. The app sends commands to the device via the virtual pins,
and the device sends data back to the app using the same pins.
In terms of materials, Blynk App is compatible with a wide range of hardware platforms,
including Arduino, Raspberry Pi, ESP8266, ESP32, Particle, and many more. Additionally,
Blynk App offers a range of widgets that users can add to their GUIs, such as buttons, sliders,
graphs, and displays. The app also provides a cloud-based server that allows users to securely
connect their devices to the internet. Finally, Blynk App requires a mobile device running iOS or
Android to access and control the GUIs created by the user. Overall, Blynk App provides a user-
friendly and versatile platform for designing custom GUIs for IoT devices and enabling remote
control and monitoring
3.4. SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

Circuit Diagram of Bluetooth Controlled RobotThe following is the circuit diagram of Bluetooth
Controlled Robot using Arduino, L298N and HC-05.
39
Coming to the design of the circuit, first is the HC-05 Bluetooth Module. The +5V and GND
pins of the Bluetooth Module are connected to +5V and GND of Arduino.
Since I will be only transmitting data related to the Robot’s movement from Android Phone to
Bluetooth Module and do not intend to receive any data from Arduino, I will connect only the
TX pin of the Bluetooth Module to RX Pin of Arduino.
This RX pin of Arduino is based on SoftwareSerial library (Pin 2 and Pin 3 are configured as RX
and TX on Arduino). The RX pin of the Bluetooth is left open.
Now, the L298N Motor Driver Module. Digital I/O Pins 9 through 12 of Arduino are configured
as Input pins of the Motor Driver and are connected to IN1 through IN4 of the L298N Motor
Driver Module. Both the Enable Pins are connected to 5V through provided jumper.The robot
chassis which I am using in this Bluetooth Controlled Robot Car project is supplied with 4
geared motors. Since L298N has slots for only two motors, I have joined the left side motors as
one set and the right side motors as other set and connected both these sets to the output of
L298N Module.
3.4.1 Code
The Arduino code for Bluetooth Controlled Robot project is given below.
#include<SoftwareSerial.h>
#define IN1 12
#define IN2 11
#define IN3 10
#define IN4 9
40
//#define EN1 6
//#define EN2 5
SoftwareSerial mySerial(2, 3); // RX, TX
String data;
int btVal;
void setup()
{
//Serial.begin(115200);
pinMode(IN1, OUTPUT);
//pinMode(EN1, OUTPUT);
//pinMode(EN2, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(IN1, LOW);
//analogWrite(EN1,63);
//analogWrite(EN2,63);
mySerial.begin(9600);
}
void loop()
{
while (mySerial.available())
{
{
data = mySerial.readStringUntil('\n');
//Serial.print(str);
}
btVal = (data.toInt());
//Serial.print("BlueTooth Value ");
//Serial.println(btVal);
41
switch (btVal)
{
case 1:
//Serial.println("Forward");
forward();
break;
case 2:
//Serial.println("Reverse");
reverse();
break;
case 3:
//Serial.println("Left");
left();
break;
case 4:
//Serial.println("Right");
right();
break;
case 5:
//Serial.println("Stop");
stoprobot();
break;
if (mySerial.available() < 0)
{
//Serial.println("No Bluetooth Data ");
}
42
void forward()
{
digitalWrite(IN1, HIGH);
}
void reverse()
{
}
void left()
{
}
void right()
{
}
void stoprobot()
{
}
43
3.4.2 Android App
If you remember the HC-05 Bluetooth Module tutorial, I have used a simple app called
Bluetooth Controller, which is installed on an Android Phone to communicate with the Bluetooth
Module. In this project, I have used the same app with modifications in the data to be
transmitted.
3.4.3 Working
Assemble the robot, make the necessary connections and upload the code to Arduino. If you
understood the HC-05 Bluetooth Module tutorial, then understanding the Bluetooth Controlled
Robot project is very easy.
First, in the Android App, I have used 5 keys as Forward, Reverse, Left, Right and Stop. The
corresponding data associated with each key is as follows:
• Forward – 1
• Reverse – 2
• Left – 3
• Right – 4
• Stop – 5
When a key is pressed, the corresponding data is transmitted to the Bluetooth Module from the
Phone over Bluetooth Communication.
In the Arduino code, the Arduino UNO receives any of this data from the Bluetooth Module (as
per the key pressed) and performs a simple switch case operation, where each case associated
with appropriate instructions to the Motor Driver Input Pins.
For example, if ‘Forward’ key is pressed in the Android Phone, then ‘1’ is transmitted. Arduino
will then make IN1 and IN3 as HIGH and IN2 and IN4 as LOW to achieve a forward motion.
Similarly, other keys correspond to appropriate setting of IN1 – IN4 pins.
44
Chapter Four
Results and
Discussion
45
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Results of the implementation:
The Results and Discussion chapter is a crucial part of any research study, as it presents the
findings of the investigation and provides an opportunity to analyze and interpret the results. In
this chapter, we will discuss the outcomes of our research on the Arduino Traffic Light
Controller and Internet Communication system.
The aim of our study was to design and develop an efficient and reliable traffic light controller
using the Arduino platform and incorporate internet communication capabilities. We conducted
experiments to evaluate the performance of the controller in terms of its ability to manage traffic
flow and ensure safety on the roads.
The Results and Discussion chapter is organized into two main sections. The first section
presents the results of our experiments, including the analysis of data collected during the testing
phase. We will discuss the performance of the controller under different traffic scenarios and
compare it to existing systems.
The second section of this chapter will focus on the interpretation and discussion of our findings.
We will examine the significance of our results, identify the limitations of our study, and suggest
possible areas for future research.
Overall, the Results and Discussion chapter will provide a comprehensive analysis of our
research on the Arduino Traffic Light Controller and Internet Communication system,
highlighting its potential impact on traffic management and safety.
4.1.1. Circuit diagram:
The Arduino Traffic Light Controller is a system that uses an Arduino microcontroller to control
traffic lights. The traffic lights are typically composed of red, yellow, and green LEDs. The
Arduino is programmed to control the timing and sequencing of the traffic lights based on input
from sensors or timers.
To incorporate internet communication into the system, the Arduino can be connected to a Wi-Fi
or Ethernet module that allows it to connect to the internet. This allows for remote control and
monitoring of the traffic lights, as well as the ability to gather data about traffic patterns and
adjust the timing of the lights accordingly.
46
The circuit diagram for such a system would include the Arduino microcontroller, LED lights,
and various sensors and/or timers. It would also include the Wi-Fi or Ethernet module for
internet communication. The specific layout and components of the diagram would depend on
the specific implementation of the system.
4.1.2. Code:
An Arduino Traffic Light Controller is a system that controls the timing and sequencing of
traffic lights at an intersection or pedestrian crossing. It typically uses sensors, such as infrared or
ultrasonic sensors, to detect the presence of vehicles or pedestrians and adjust the traffic light
sequence accordingly.
An internet communication system can be added to the Arduino Traffic Light Controller to
enable remote monitoring and control of the system. This allows traffic engineers or other
authorized personnel to access the system from a remote location, view its status and adjust its
settings as necessary.
The results of implementing an Arduino Traffic Light Controller and internet communication
system can vary depending on the specific design and implementation of the system. Some
potential benefits of such a system include:
1. Improved traffic flow: By using sensors to detect the presence of vehicles and
pedestrians, the traffic light sequence can be optimized to reduce wait times and
congestion at the intersection.
2. Enhanced safety: By controlling the traffic light sequence, the system can help reduce the
risk of accidents and improve safety for pedestrians and drivers.
3. Remote access and control: The internet communication system allows authorized
personnel to remotely access and control the system, making it easier to manage and
maintain.
4. Energy efficiency: By optimizing the timing and sequencing of the traffic lights, the
system can help reduce energy consumption and lower operating costs.
47
4.1.3. Blynk app:
The Blynk app can be used as an interface for the Arduino Traffic Light Controller and internet
communication system, allowing users to remotely control the traffic lights and monitor traffic
patterns.
To implement the Blynk app, you would first need to create a project in the Blynk app and obtain
an auth token. This auth token would then be used in the Arduino code to establish a connection
with the Blynk server.
In the Blynk app, you can create a graphical interface that displays the traffic light status and
allows the user to control the traffic lights. For example, you could create buttons to manually
change the traffic light sequence or sliders to adjust the timing of the lights.
Additionally, the Blynk app can be used to gather data from the traffic sensors and display it in
real-time on the app. This data could include the number of cars passing through the intersection,
the average wait time at the traffic lights, and other relevant information.
Overall, the implementation of the Blynk app with the Arduino Traffic Light Controller and
internet communication system can greatly enhance the functionality and accessibility of the
system.
4.2. Discussion:
The implementation of an Arduino Traffic Light Controller and internet communication system
can provide many benefits, such as improved traffic flow, increased safety for pedestrians and
drivers, and reduced energy consumption.
By using an Arduino microcontroller to control the traffic lights, the system can be programmed
to adjust the timing of the lights based on traffic patterns, reducing wait times and congestion.
Additionally, the use of LED lights can significantly reduce energy consumption compared to
traditional incandescent bulbs.
The incorporation of internet communication allows for remote control and monitoring of the
traffic lights, which can greatly improve the efficiency of the system. For example, traffic
engineers can remotely adjust the timing of the lights based on real-time traffic data, improving
traffic flow and reducing wait times.
The use of a Blynk app as an interface for the system further enhances the accessibility and
usability of the system. The graphical interface allows for intuitive control of the traffic lights,
and the real-time data display can be used to inform decisions about traffic management.
48
However, it's important to note that the implementation of such a system requires careful
planning and consideration of safety factors, such as pedestrian and cyclist traffic. It's also
important to ensure that the system is secure and protected from unauthorized access or
malicious attacks.
Overall, the implementation of an Arduino Traffic Light Controller and internet communication
system with a Blynk app interface can provide many benefits, but it's important to carefully
consider all factors and safety measures during the implementation process.
4.2Advantages of the system:
There are several advantages to implementing an Arduino Traffic Light Controller and internet
communication system, including:
1. Improved traffic flow: By using an Arduino microcontroller to control the timing of the
traffic lights, the system can be programmed to adjust the lights based on real-time traffic
patterns. This can help to reduce congestion, improve traffic flow, and reduce travel time
for drivers.
2. Increased safety: The use of LED lights and the ability to adjust the timing of the traffic
lights can help to improve safety for pedestrians and drivers. For example, by increasing
the length of the green light at a pedestrian crossing, pedestrians can have more time to
safely cross the road.
3. Energy efficiency: The use of LED lights in the traffic lights can significantly reduce
energy consumption compared to traditional incandescent bulbs. This can help to reduce
energy costs and contribute to a more sustainable and environmentally friendly system.
4. Remote control and monitoring: The incorporation of internet communication allows for
remote control and monitoring of the traffic lights. This can enable traffic engineers to
adjust the lights based on real-time traffic data, improving the efficiency of the system.
5. User-friendly interface: The use of a Blynk app as an interface for the system provides a
user-friendly interface that can be used to easily control the traffic lights and gather real-
time data about traffic patterns.
49
4.2.1 Limitations of the system:
While an Arduino Traffic Light Controller and Internet Communication system can be a useful
tool, it has some limitations. Here are some potential limitations of this system:
1. Limited distance: The communication range of the Ethernet shield is limited, which
means the system may not be suitable for large-scale traffic management.
2. Vulnerability to hacking: The internet communication component of the system makes it

vulnerable to hacking. It is important to ensure that the system is properly secured to
prevent unauthorized access.
3. Dependency on internet connectivity: The system requires an internet connection to

function properly. In the event of an internet outage or interruption, the system may not
be able to communicate and respond to changing traffic conditions.
4. Lack of real-time data: While the system can provide real-time data on the state of the
traffic lights, it may not provide real-time data on actual traffic conditions. This means
the system may not be able to respond in a timely manner to sudden changes in traffic
flow.
5. Limited scalability: The system may not be easily scalable to accommodate additional
traffic lights or more complex traffic patterns, which could limit its usefulness in larger
cities or more densely populated areas.
Overall, while an Arduino Traffic Light Controller and Internet Communication system can be a
useful tool for managing traffic, it is important to consider its limitations and potential
drawbacks when deciding whether or not to implement it.
4.2.2 Comparison with other traffic light control systems:
There are several types of traffic light control systems available in the market, and each has its
own advantages and disadvantages. Here are some comparisons between the Arduino Traffic
Light Controller and internet communication system with other traffic light control systems:
50
1. Traditional Traffic Light Systems: Traditional traffic light systems use electro-
mechanical controllers to manage the traffic lights. While these systems have been in use
for many years and are relatively reliable, they are less flexible and less capable of
adjusting to changing traffic conditions than more modern systems.
2. Intelligent Traffic Light Systems: These systems use advanced technologies such as
cameras, sensors, and machine learning algorithms to analyze real-time traffic patterns
and adjust the timing of the traffic lights accordingly. They can provide more accurate
and efficient control of the traffic lights, but they are more complex and expensive than
the Arduino Traffic Light Controller system.
3. Centralized Traffic Control Systems: These systems are used for managing traffic across
a larger area, such as a city or region. They use a centralized control system to manage
the timing of traffic lights across the entire area, optimizing traffic flow and reducing
congestion. However, they require significant infrastructure and maintenance costs.
Compared to these systems, the Arduino Traffic Light Controller and internet communication
system offers several advantages. The system is flexible and can be easily adjusted to changing
traffic conditions through programming. It is also relatively inexpensive compared to other
intelligent and centralized traffic control systems. Additionally, the Blynk app interface provides
a user-friendly interface that can be accessed remotely, making it easy for traffic engineers to
manage the system. However, the system may not be as advanced or sophisticated as other traffic
control systems, and it may require more maintenance and troubleshooting due to its reliance on
hardware and software components.
51
Chapter Five
Conclusion
52
5. Conclusion:
In conclusion, an Arduino Traffic Light Controller and Internet Communication system can be a
useful tool for managing traffic and improving road safety. By using an Arduino board, LED
lights, and an Ethernet shield, the system can control traffic lights and communicate data in real-
time to a web or mobile application.
However, it is important to consider the limitations of this system, including its limited
communication range, vulnerability to hacking, dependency on internet connectivity, lack of
real-time traffic data, and limited scalability. These limitations should be taken into account
when deciding whether or not to implement this system, and appropriate measures should be
taken to ensure its security and reliability.
Overall, an Arduino Traffic Light Controller and Internet Communication system can be an
effective solution for managing traffic in smaller cities or less densely populated areas. With
proper planning and implementation, it can help to improve traffic flow, reduce accidents, and
enhance road safety.
5.1 Summary of the project:
The Arduino Traffic Light Controller and internet Communication system is a project that
involves the use of an Arduino microcontroller to control traffic lights and an internet
communication system to remotely monitor and adjust the traffic light timing. The system can be
programmed to adjust the timing of the traffic lights based on real-time traffic patterns, reducing
congestion and wait times. Additionally, the use of LED lights can significantly reduce energy
consumption compared to traditional incandescent bulbs. The incorporation of internet
communication allows for remote control and monitoring of the traffic lights, which can greatly
improve the efficiency of the system. The Blynk app interface further enhances the accessibility
and usability of the system. Overall, the implementation of this system can improve traffic flow,
increase safety for pedestrians and drivers, and reduce energy consumption. However, careful
planning and consideration of safety factors are important during the implementation process.
53
5.2 Implications of the study:
The implications of a study on an Arduino Traffic Light Controller and Internet Communication
system can be far-reaching, particularly in the field of traffic management and road safety. Some
potential implications include:
1. Improved traffic flow: An Arduino Traffic Light Controller and Internet Communication
system can help to improve traffic flow by managing the timing of traffic signals and
responding to changes in traffic conditions in real-time.
2. Increased road safety: By reducing congestion and improving the flow of traffic, the
system can also help to increase road safety by reducing the risk of accidents and
improving the overall driving experience.
3. Cost-effective solution: The use of an Arduino board, LED lights, and an Ethernet shield
makes the system a cost-effective solution for smaller cities or less densely populated
areas, where more sophisticated and expensive traffic management systems may not be
necessary.
4. Potential for further development: The system has the potential for further development,
including the addition of sensors to collect real-time traffic data, and the use of machine
learning algorithms to improve traffic management and predict traffic patterns.
Overall, a study on an Arduino Traffic Light Controller and Internet Communication system can
have significant implications for the field of traffic management and road safety, particularly in
smaller cities or less densely populated areas. Further research and development in this area can
lead to more sophisticated and effective solutions for managing traffic and improving road
safety.
5.3 Recommendations for future work:
Here are some recommendations for future work on the Arduino Traffic Light Controller and
internet Communication system:
1. Integration with other smart city systems: The system can be integrated with other smart
city systems such as intelligent transportation systems, parking management systems, and
54
public transportation systems to provide a more comprehensive solution for traffic
management.
2. Machine learning-based traffic prediction: The system can be enhanced with machine
learning algorithms to predict traffic patterns and adjust the timing of the traffic lights
accordingly. This can help optimize traffic flow and reduce congestion.
3. Solar-powered system: The system can be made more energy-efficient by using solar
panels to power the traffic lights. This can reduce reliance on the electrical grid and
reduce energy costs.
4. Real-time data analysis: The system can be enhanced with real-time data analysis
capabilities to provide insights into traffic patterns, wait times, and other relevant data.
This can help traffic engineers make informed decisions about traffic management.
5. Improved safety features: The system can be improved with additional safety features
such as pedestrian detection sensors, audible warning systems, and emergency override
systems to ensure the safety of all road users.
6. Remote software updates: The system can be made more efficient by implementing
remote software updates to ensure that the system is always up-to-date with the latest
features and bug fixes.
55
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Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research

The Islamic University- College of Engineering Tech

To my dear parents, may God preserve them,

To my family members, brothers and friends,

To everyone who spared no effort in helping

To everyone who contributed to my teaching

I would like to extend my sincere thanks to my research supervisor,

Finally, special thanks and appreciation to my dear parents, wishing them

I certify that the dissertation entitled ) Arduino Traffic Light Controller

Name: Assist.Lecturer Hussein Kadhem Bander

In view of the available recommendation, I forward this dissertation for debate by

Name: Lec. Kassem Jumaah Al Attabi

(Head of Computer Technologies Engineering Department)

Approval of the College

Name: Asst. Prof Muhammad Ibrahim Al-Mousi

(Head The Islamic University/Branch Diwaneyah)

An Arduino Traffic Light Controller is a microcontroller-based system used to control traffic

Furthermore, the integration of an internet communication system provides a range of benefits,

1.1.1 Purpose of the project:

1.1.2 Overview of traffic light control systems:

There are several types of traffic light control systems, including:

1.1.3 Brief history of previous projects:

a. Manual control systems:

b. Automatic control systems:

c. Centralized control systems:

 Arduino Traffic Light Controller:

 Internet Communication System:

 Integration of Traffic Light Controller and Internet Communication System:

In conclusion, an Arduino traffic light controller with internet communication system is a

To further enhance the capabilities of Arduino-based traffic light controllers, internet

2.2 Blynk App:

C. ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module:

2.3 Comparison with other traffic light control systems:

 Arduino board (e.g. Arduino Uno or Arduino Nano )

 Breadboard or PCB board

 LED lights (e.g. red, yellow, green)

 Resistors (e.g. 220 Ohm, 1K Ohm)

 Ethernet shield or WiFi module

 Router or modem with internet connection

3.1 Hardware components:

Internet communication is an essential component of many modern traffic control systems,

1. Arduino Board: An Arduino board is a microcontroller board that is used to control

4. Internet Communication Module: An internet communication module such as the

3.1.2 Circuit diagram:

fig(1) linking the four way to controlle

The internet Communication system is a software component that enables communication

int a1, a2, b1, b2, c1, c2, d1, d2;

else if (d1 == 1 && d2 == 1 && (b1 == 0 b2 == 0))

else if (a1 == 1 && a2 == 1 && ((d2 == 0 b2 == 0) (d1 == 0 b1 == 0)))

else if (d1 == 1 && d2 == 1 && (b1 == 0 b2 == 0))

else if (c1 == 1 && c2 == 1 && ((d2 == 0 b2 == 0 a2 == 0) (d1 == 0 b1 == 0 a1 == 0)))

else if (d1 == 1 && d2 == 1 && (b1 == 0 b2 == 0))

else if ((b1 == 1 && b2 == 0) && (c1 == 1 d1 == 1 b1 == 1) && (c2 == 1 && d2 == 1 &&

else if ((c1 == 1 && c2 == 0) && (b1 == 0 b2 == 0) && (d1 == 0 d2 == 0) && (a1 == 0 a2

else if ((b1 == 1 && b2 == 0) && (c1 == 0 c2 == 0) && (d1 == 0 d2 == 0) && (a1 == 0 a2

else if ((d1 == 1 && d2 == 0) && (c1 == 0 c2 == 0) && (b1 == 0 b2 == 0) && (a1 == 0 a2

else if ((a1 == 1 && a2 == 0) && (c1 == 0 c2 == 0) && (d1 == 0 d2 == 0) && (b1 == 0 b2

else if (a1 == 0 && b1 == 0 && c1 == 0 && d1 == 0)

if (a1 == 0 && b1 == 0 && c1 == 0 && d1 == 0)

if (a1 == 0 && b1 == 0 && c1 == 0 && d1 == 0)

if (a1 == 0 && b1 == 0 && c1 == 0 && d1 == 0)

if (a1 < 400) a1 = 1; else a1 = 0; if (a2 < 400) a2 = 1; else a2 = 0;

if (b1 < 400) b1 = 1; else b1 = 0; if (b2 < 400) b2 = 1; else b2 = 0;

if (c1 < 400) c1 = 1; else c1 = 0; if (c2 < 400) c2 = 1; else c2 = 0;