Stratified Sampling

Stat H - 203

Mohammed Zakir Hossain

Associate Professor
Department of Statistics, Govt. Titumir College
 1

Define Atota, &hrokitjicario n

A SfrOka: L«t
avd otrohtiad Pondom Aopli
qupoaL at thu Populahon N
Ddivided ino k non- ovaleppiug amd
otiowa omisking, howoqan2h9 Wa POPU
sf n,, N
Auch that Nitt 4KN. Ng renpeckival
he Ano-populoHo
tD
Oh, he popalosion divided otu Knadw a4 Sratn
Sraiiahon: Stroiliahon ia tt prozam d clividiug dhsle
Paudatim into Aevartal hn-ovorcdopping Auo Prplohoms Auh
Tha e udln @ithin 2och Au pmuhon a t Poibla
ag homoganaon. h e nwb-Popaahions aru talled Atrota
ta
-*he Joclore on th haain d ieh a populotiadivided
int dilferumt ntroa tallecd Aokitzin tauhds. Coweuly
RRc toifying rackotts u 0g1, Aan, eduehonal leved,
Att
etnDn
Loma evol, pkotemion, 22e0q7iaphital atwA,

rsiecd randoa Aawpling: Let o ^uppose that the POPula

710.6F unbo be olividad into k hon-0u2tlapping Qud homg-

N. Nglenih
naiting 6N,
.

tApenvaly Auch tHa NtN-t

into öhidh he populohon ús dividd a r u kaun
ropham
a Aipe
e atyotaawo vaen dekesmámcd
Atoa.
Tondom Aople. in akew independetb o
eachAvotua

Leh. Aawpl. alt wjtln h shada be cdenitad

iak n12:t
e.en paetively Auch a Mali-

prouduU adrplinoy
is destribtd
40ble th. naple
Alled

ted Vandom bawplivo amd

tuw oloaineel
Ahosilied Vtirdo 0aule
2

Q. Nanhtn th printiple
bebinduna Atota
%.Sroificahn 1 protm o dividing tdhol populoion
td
ALva non-0vartlopping Aulo-pepulolisa buek at hs
U itHhin eoeh qulo- Ptpulaion.aü popsible a
AowD9Leowa,'t Amo opulohow oru lleod Arotu
he fachar on t basin dkich a fopulahon
ivided int ditferan Ahota ealled stotijyingjactert.
Commmly wsd aahjtinaubru onu 094, Aiz, eduuoti
holevl', tntoma Jan|, proftion ,20phi aaa,eoho
Atotu omd Ao on

Wath o t ppulahion oe to be 9aped t ivaKouag-

b 0Ld o Aome otha

OterolA AohifiLahin n loo
uhdr
the thatackeriai e
Crutenio kiahly, twelotd 0i

adod
.Whan Aroinid Y'ondom aplin i5LANIa?
Ana. simple randava Aopling appiopntL auly for Kpwrgan n
Ppuloiom. Sakiod Tandoun Aampling i oappapiate h e
Populohin iKe0genenua. Stdifotd nandoun Aapling
dene in orlert t trhol bs otenpgnexhy. af po
elamenn.
 3
.*a,'
1.

A u 4he
advantoaea
rafthad randowa Aafira.
Awa. h odvontngn satotihad random AoAmpling, art
iven olpno:
O5troaiHio aundo Aauplin providen enhmaton bolh
ort Vanirs stroa und tor ovesl oll prpahn
Sijsd randlaw Aawpling, iw mott effivent an
Siwple 1oandom Aawplin.
Sahjfied Aawpino u uaualy mor tonvonierban
Stpl endan Aapliroaa malen adminiohaA

Yordom
Aupervinipu in Khly tovenia in ahaitied
Saplirea
towalaetid dh ual oifren mehodo
ma b
Shiota ma
and eahmahinm
FRpla Aelechon, data totluion-
moru upnusenkre
rovides
Shsodiird ovdo Sawpin
m

( ond
elesmerhn aleered fron oll tPa
sawple an
CLoreger o,
Its more preeuse tham 3impla nandm, amplir
Y) Stratified tuoandom sampling is suitable. whun the populasf
is hetenegeNeou)
Disodvontaq
T t i s not surtable when +he population is smal,

as we eannot subdivide. the population into

different groups.
is usef when the
The sampling techrique
ru Seartoher ha 0mpleie ist of populattion
along sth 4hirt charaotausnes,
4
Hos oil) ou eahmat th
Meaw a
Poploh jor a.
ied radom Aap
,
Lek ta papulohj twaiskive, ( uw be dividad inta
K Aala, Hhe numeri ounitainb Hk ih stratum b2in
2,
Let o
Aauple pn n ba taken by Aolauhing indhr
Mokently 'ot 1ovdbom, n; tnitn roum th ith Afotum, buch hak
h .

leE j dad he valn. of ke jth un't in 1

Agoin,
itl atrotum.

Mharuont ,
amd Y : N
hi

h to atjmate t prpuladhan me ,

tolladir ttd ,e4tmadta,

.*
N
,

n
 5
n Akoified Pardom pawpli ind ouu
s h Populokio mean umaiontd estimah

in2Vtr Arahs ipapla 2pimoke t vaian al

he anubiagd eohimoh h pop. maan Y
N

t. Le- th papulah tnaisting -wml

adividzd
to k Araka, the nuwbar i n intb 1t» it, atedu.

bEAnN; (i ,2,3 K).

Ler a aauple aize n be tken b aebeing
hdependentl " randon, nj uitn rom ith ôlroum
uch thar
ntt t=h:
unit
Agoin, 1e denohe 4taa valut otSth
in i h Atasum.

herteo
h Yi * -

omd

Sin
Sin a nimple Vandom Aawple Jaken indepmdontly
ín eoeh btakam. s0, E ) -Y

= NNi.E) CE )=Y
NiYi
N

hien iwrltes tha an unbioned eoimate 6f

PaPulhron men
6
. Show that AhraHfiid Aawple magn 7 narall bian
Raimat p maan
Ava. La 1h Populahion tonaishing 6
uitn be divided
atran the nuwbert u t n
intv t ih alrahum
Mo K ,

beno j (i=,2,3 R
Aplemo
Le aAawple oize n ba tokew b
Atrofub
at randam, ni unita tio h ith
ol&prolently
uh hat n n t n
F in
t h h uit
valn
, 1e- lenpte e N
t i Mrorum.

herterora, %
token independerty
6inehee iwple andom AUple
a

inoth Ahatum. 50, E(H) Yi

Y
Aample. mzn ntally biaged eati'malo
S0, Alrehjied
Ppwohiom m ean .
 7
jotd "will yo eAtimo ti popuahon titd r
..

ovndom Aqupl a rtohfied

a.Le- H ppuaitn Conaihing N mith be dividad ito k

Aata. 'he ho. dunibn in tH, øtadum being0; (i12 9
Let thu 9apll aize n be toke bslazting ivdtsedently
ran dom, ni uih tyom h Ih atohwm Au hat nzhjtt the
Valu o t5h unik in te iy
, le ij olevotée
atun. herafora, i and Yi = N
h sor tha populokim ttal, Y= NY
A

Vandon Aamplh ind a unbingd eafimoke t

.9n Aokijid
Porp toto
unbiaMed then PP
2ahmodrt h
1 evaty
Atodun tk nawpla
totol.
tporlaim
uwloioned ephivnalu
ivto k
tonaislingd uma 1o divided
Awe.Ler t Pophohon
bing ietz \L. +)
-

aloum.
Nata. Ha no. 6unity into th itb
be takEv Sutehna indepindari
A12e
Le a pamp 5 Aueh that n=hytat
trom ta ith afraku
a andon, n; umls

in ith
d j1halani
danotu t v o l .
pin, 1o- i md Y
ndY N
Aratum. Herulort,

hu o pop? total, Y= NY
*O Ys t.
e enimatts o u , 0 Y:N

N E I ) = NY
.
E(s1 unbiansd enkimale
an
N.
wplitn that Y
Populalion fetal Y
8
n Aokified ranelova Aaupli ind th artianu f A op
ahoo OR
katoY Akalilisd andam gnipling th Vortiane F ki
mat st i, va)

2 unbjased ephnoka dff

Sol kno tat N
a

poplahon mean Y.
N -Y
i -J
N

Saatu bath Aiden O A,

N
2N N(- )
N0 oking enpeekohim on "luoth aiden 0e qt
K

V)
N
TM hi) Aampla mean
SinesAods ane ivdependev)

Ni-ni)
N 15

N
NNi-h) i,
hi
i
-4)
 9

Definma allo catjon Omd diaum L variswa

tyf0 O ol cahgn
D different madd dallotohivL Aauwple aiti n, to the Aifcan
OTt, suata.
Nama varuow tyes aupla Aize to /1
49. Allohoh: Allokio, t proes 6 ehoosi Aaupl i2a
ni in vortiowa otrota .

Jporctant tupeo 6- ollocaho in atroified avdou Aawpl an

i v belouo
Pro porhionodaloahtn
Oromum llocakion
Neyinan allotahtn.
Eual allocahon
rbicay allotahonm

Propovtiona alloakion: I savplinor aefion tnaan oe

each Arodun , than i t allotohenv e ni'a to voina otata
illeok popertiensal alletaion and twn in prepozdionsd allstubion
Roch aroum in tepruoted
Accotdinoy to ito Aize

2
N No
' n; -Nj
L,1
Opiautn adoenhon:Oplinuwa allonion he protom of ekoosin
ninimum
the volua paple afun ni Auch 1tat Va)t
oFCAzed tplal coa ofha auvoy
Uplimum allvowhon o te ni'o l» lh varuows Arat
id (oat- t. i, DiNiSi/oS
Ve i )
10
Naman alotaim Nwnon
T Val alltaion u ti proca
toTT d Aampl. atni Aueh tha-
tolrl Aauple Y)nivmu
site
Nayman alpahbn ni'o to th yot trohen
or tned total
Aawple olze n, hi NS t h NS;
2
EMa alotahon:
Eqd alloaion meowa ' t
sF t totad Aawple Ale in the annod a1A bwngn
0oCaion T duferent Aka i 1h 1 h
Aawplz Ale toY enth Atrotum i th Aam
Hrbrtsoy olloeahon; Aditrartu alloahon meow t ciom bbon
5F o l a Aomplu pite1in t
Tue
dievunt rada i h °ins
1 ni'h tor t s difivent otota aru dardnined
Coe atl ottoitraru
 11

Derve preoportional alloahon

Aw. PrEoPOThohal allocaion: Properhonod allo0tion th prote 6
Auch 1bat
ANDAino daupla aits as pPY0porhonaliatata Bl2ts

hiNi
hi = k'n k' atontant)

n k N
.'.=

N6t,

Kraw aa pYepovthonal
alloaion in Aoified random bowgive)
i 29yua in all AMatn in propaional allo
60, napling rochon
C on:
Q. 5hod hat tort poropostiono ollotahon Awpla-vnaon
idenhl ih jsr
Proof FoFt pToporthonal ollocahom, te. <howe,

ni

e heorain pr0Vnd
Han
aloahion ^ atwple m2n a
Show ka tort proporhonal
unoivid entimolort 6 Populahon meen Y.

Proo Fstt prporhionol alotalion, 10e have

N
12
No10,
E)-F

E)
N

Y
dhuin propsrhonod allouion Aample mean a uninsd
ephimatort otppulakin mean Ý
ASho hat tort proporionsl ollocahon, vr)=*
Pro Fort preporhionod allbtahon, L
have,
i = -Nji
Nn =nN;

v)
N
1N N Ni

N- 5,
Nin
k

whev N Vab alge

Nn
 13

Dcrive ophinum allotahon avd irdlioke ohe tui alloehon naduen

t Neina allocation ond pra porhional allouhon.

HN.Deruvahon: Opthinu h allotoion in proum chanAin t

Yalue o- Aample Ai2ea ni ^uc Hhak v(sF) minimdn r a

ixd 4otal tos o t quuara

Let tmaidrc o lineart top uehon,

C + .X Cjni.
1

C Total Coal-
Co 0vertherol opE

in t HA akvatum
CodF part unwt
C

tmihon
mihinym Auljeol; to t
v(a)
hew u problan rreduesp h mejmizinm uhondifionaly

dhar iy he Aasrangta mwliplot parthally dijfevenfiafino

wth respeur 4o hi "and un enpatr to'zeso, w qel,

NS

7n
Ni

NjSi
ni
NVAC
N
. 2 h
NVAC
14

NjS
NVJ NV

NiS
NiSi
NN
NVA
NiSi
Ve
nisi NiSi

Knavon as 6phmum allotshon in orahhel VhndomAas

AAAupiona sopimum olMotation:
To mi nimin the
vattiane ott to noaimize th
othahimoke Tor@iteel tonOired Acunplaprition
iee.
To minimiz w total tost- tor-1ned valaa ot Voauanci
1 1 2ahmotu
hunderdirg asupno
ive loy tA lineart madel,
C Co t+ I i n i
|

1ks t0» pert ui u tha. nam in all aydos i.t. C2*

oY all 1, tk toalnclion hacom ta e Cot+hc and optimu m
ollbcohion or iad toal nedueen to ophmum ollotahon for fiusel Ao*

Frow a 2e, ni zN}S;

uch neyvaan alltalibn.
C (o)
SS,= S sAy)
Lh l s
ptimun allocahion rouces v piporhona allotnMm,
h n. NiS/fe
allotavhin
 15

Derive Nman allocah on.

A Neyma allocaion u lh pres
thooping he valnts
d
Aowpla aito hi auth ha V) inimum oy tiad
tol aawple aiz
Here Th pntlem to find L vale. tni Auch ha

un Aulojel t» u tmdilion
V)= Yninin

Hha toBal Aample nize n-.ni

ha poblen rdueen tomininikiva, unuhditionah1

s--h)
1

har ongen mwlhpliert. pathiollg dferentiohing

ni and then enohn o \ero, ) a t
DHh ranpaet

NVA -
Summin 0v looth ielen overi i ten lh K, de

hK NS
eh,
ni NV
XNiS

Dividing 0) O, we. qet,

iaiN N@ymah
NiSi ieh konan Arasi
..nin iS)
alloaion in arohjid Vowalbm Aaplin. e
16
sho hat fort waymon allhcahon, vl a)NiS1)
N
NS
A
Proa Fort Neman allocaion, e awe,
h . s

No0 K

Nh

NV.NSi
K K K
S

iS ZNN
Z

NiS
w Nisi N

1
***

(NIS
Nn
. I21
N
siSi) Whenw N AEF ADMCA
Nn
olloehon treoduces t prapovhonal allocahon
Whan Nayman

, For Neynan allotahGn,

o. t, ni N:S
12

davioljon au all esval 5, S i.e 6

i.9 1 . ntardond
Olotahon
alloration tonudes »lh proposhoncd
1 Nymon
 17

9/5hoo Hkat Yn 7 VPrp 7

opt in w
OR
notahitn).
Shod that VoptVpmp an

and Stoified pplro

Findhe rralaiongkp bo" SRS
OR Vopt
pt
lies btfsean Vpan nd
Shnd Hhat Vatianu proporion

he hom
4o. Fo large. N,
wgan ,V
N3;
Nn

ENISi)
Vopt Nh d Aavt
omalnain fvonuonta,
t h tozno KN
Ni
-Y)=2(%-Y*i)

K Vaniske

-)+M (-o

-1)Si . (-7
-1)5 12k
N

N
N k
:NS
S
N
NS
Nh

Vprop + a pooitivt qUnliy

pan
andm Vpaportion
18
, JL, K
N-n
Nh

NS N
k

Nn N

ollo1on trom t tott Ha

PrP 7 VoPt.
From mel (1), e bowu

Van 7Vprr 7 Vopl. (proval)

. Sho that t
eshmota tor
tthe meaw Atojned Aepl
he-motte pratpa Hhan ha 6f Awple ahm. bawple qwdert
Cercoin troihow
Hm. Aw@sr tho-loove, qmmohon ph espahm O
0ith iwplien tha- 1 aotimat tor the mean Aratijad
ple s the mgna. pruube 4ovn that ple Yandem Aa
UMdart cerdain Londihov.
 19
Disinauish- beuaesn Sra ed Samplin amd
Stematt e domplins
SkratfiadSampling Systematte Bampling
D Systenatie amplng
When populatkon cnslitz of ste sol tirg
divaded n t s di/ferent unit at
tha first
eaeh_nly
Suub-Populaton then a n d the nest
ndndom
thgroup b Called soloote
baing- automatieally solote
aulomotiealy

btocordung
urg o A a m e " pne-
theprocess
a t a and

io called Sbatifad a determtmed. patirD.

2 stematid samplirg
Stratifed sampling v 6penationall mos
OPootkonaly lass
stanaiP
eonveni-ent tRan
tham- syeHa|
emvenient
Samplm
Bampumg
Popula-fian d u il r d fopulation is anTangad

m sequential ordor
mto 2noups.

Lt i8 a companatrve T+ imple. mathad|

analy i D . amd s i l detepnúnd
n stnoti Aed samplirg I n aystematra
hardH a
|th pesi balaty sbia> a Samplin
,

pee ciilut pergad

tthe ti
eloSi ficotron
20

SRS amd natified Sampling

hethveen
Distinguish

Simple Kandom damplng Analified Sampluing

Ohen populalon iz dindod
OA imple nandom Samplir differwnt sub- populafion
mto
Scle oted roma populatioi o
apo0ess hich awes then eaeh f the goup
amo tha
`ampes Called tnata
every posibla. called Stnattfed
frroce33 is
the ame chanea Sampling
8eleetio
than 2 It i m a n e
preeis_ttan
21t pnecise
is less Bimpla TnANdom `ampling.
Stratfied 3amplu ng

Requitus Minimum_ rol7 (Requirns aceurate mn-

im the, pnoportON
kdge. s populatson motion n
6 popuot1on,
adnam ce
oerrs Compned|
L o r g e ervO Jan Soma. |OLess LrrOn.
han n o3umpte nandsm Samplrg
Sampl 12e
Starutfied ampu
mone
Simpla randenn 3ampirg (Stnat1fi co
i Jainpla tomoapkualine | Cmplax> augured reater
eFfortt h a n Simple rand
SampR

StrradidSimP l a randan samr

tha pepuladion iS
is sutobk Ohen Wham tha popu afin i
Homaeme ous wterw qRNW)