CSEC Technical Drawing School Based Assessment

Candidate Name: Uchenna Ohaegbulam

Candidate Number: 0100160395
Teacher: F. Ponde
Center Number: 010016
Submission Date: May 2024
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Drafting Tools………………………………………………Page 5

2. Safety, Health, and Welfare Standards…………………...Page 7

3. Fires…………………………………………………………Page 9

4. First Aid…………………………………………………….Page 13

5. Accidents, Hazards, Injuries……………………………...Page 16

6. Safety signs and symbols.....................................................Page 18

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 ACKNOLEDGEMENTS
I would like to take this opportunity to express my heartfelt gratitude to all those who

have supported me in completing this CSEC SBA. Firstly, I would like to thank my teacher for

providing me with invaluable guidance and support throughout the research and writing process.

Their insightful comments and feedback were instrumental in shaping my work. Additionally, I

would like to thank my classmates for their unwavering encouragement and understanding

during this challenging period. Finally, I would like to express my appreciation to all the

resources I have utilized, including the library staff, academic journals, and online sources.

Without their contributions, this SBA would not have been possible.

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 INTRODUCTION

What is Technical Drawing?

Before one can explore Technical Drawing further it is important to form a clear understanding

of what the term refers to.

Technical Drawing is a type of drawing that is used to show technical information and

specifications of the design of structures and other manufactured products. Technical drawing is

essential in architecture, manufacturing, and construction.

The purpose of technical drawing is to accurately and clearly communicate the necessary

information about the design, dimensions, and other specifications of the object being drawn.

Technical drawings typically include precise measurements and annotations, and may also

include different views of the object, such as front, side, and top views, to help form an image of

the object before it has been made.

Technical drawings are typically created using computer-aided design (CAD) software, which

allows for precise and efficient drafting, editing, and sharing of technical drawings. However,

hand-drawn technical drawings are still used in some instances and will be the primary method

used through this SBA.

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 DRAFTING TOOLS

Droughting, or drafting, is the process of creating pictorial representations of buildings,

interiors, foundations, roofs, and other associated structures. While freehand sketches can be

used in the preliminary phase, formal drawings require the use of numerous instruments. A

number of pertinent tools are described below.

 T-Square: used to draw horizontal lines and act as a guide for subsequent vertical lines to

be drawn. They are typically made of wood, plastic, and metal. The name is derived from

the general shape of the instrument.

 Set-squares: these are triangular instruments that are used to draw vertical lines and

diagonal lines. They can be lined up on a horizontal axis by a T-square.

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 Scale rules: These are specialized rules with multiple different grades on them, reducing

the time needed to ascertain how to represent large distances and lengths on a small sheet

of paper.

 Compass: These are hinged devices with a point on one end and a slot for a pencil on

the other. They are used to draw circles and construct a variety of angles.

 French curves: These are convoluted irregularly shaped stencils that are used to neatly

represent curves on plans. They are typically made of plastic or wood.

 Protractors: These are instruments used to measure the size of angles. They are usually

made from plastic in the shape of a semi-circle or full circle.

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 SAFETY, HEALTH, AND WELFARE STANDARDS

Safety is paramount in the workplace. Many establishments have been penalized or

forced to shut down for unsafe practices, particularly if they have led to injury to individuals in

the past. There will likely always be some minuscule risk of injury due to the nature of the

materials and tools, the chances of injury can be greatly minimized by adhering to safety

guidelines. It is therefore crucial to ensure that the workplace meets the standard for safety,

healthcare, and welfare.

i) Safety Standards:

- Protective Equipment: The use of appropriate equipment, such as safety

glasses, gloves, helmets, and safety shoes, can help protect workers from

hazards and prevent injuries.

- Emergency Exits: Strategically placed emergency exits for employees to

utilize is important to be set in place in case of a mishaps to prevent

employees from being injured.

ii) Health Standards:

- Regular cleaning: Sanitization of work Areas to prevent the spread of

Germs and Illness is a necessary requirement to protect employees. Washing,

Cleaning and Regular general cleaning of the work place and working tools is

also important to improve the health standard

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 - Adequate ventilation: Poor indoor air quality can negatively impact the

health of employees. Workplaces are often required to have a ventilation

system that circulates fresh air and removes pollutants.

iii) Welfare Standards:

- Break periods and Meal breaks: Many workplaces are required to provide

employees with break periods and meal breaks to promote rest and recovery

during work hours.

- Ensuring fair compensation: Employers must pay employees fairly and

competitively for their work, including providing benefits such as health

insurance, paid time off, and retirement savings plans.

All in all, safety standards are designed to prevent workers from physical harm of injury

while healthcare standards are in place to prevent employees from diseases and illness and

welfare standards are set to ensure the good social wellbeing of employees in the workplace in

aspects including. but not limited to harassment, fair compensation, and respect.

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 FIRES

Uncontrolled fires are a persistent hazard in human environments, often arising due to

factors beyond our control. Fires are classified according to the type of material which burns or

oxidizes to produce them. Different countries use different classifications of fires, however, One

of the most common classification schemes used widely in the UK, is as follows:

 Class A: Fires of flammable solids (e.g. wood, paper)

 Class B: Fires of flammable liquids (e.g. gasoline, paint)

 Class C: Fires of flammable gases (e.g. propane, butane)

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 Class D: Fires of flammable metals (e.g. lithium, magnesium)

 Class E: electrical fires (e.g. fires from computer parts)

 Class F: Fires of burning fats (e.g. cooking oils and fat)

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Fire Fighting Equipment

Stopping dangerous fires is tremendously crucial to avoid damage to property and

people and therefore Fire fighters play an important role in the society and have been

equipped with the necessary equipment to dispel unwanted fires such as:

i) Fire Extinguishers: Portable devices used to extinguish small fires. They come in

different classes such as water, foam, dry chemical, carbon dioxide., and others.

ii) Fire Hoses: They are used to deliver water or other extinguishing agents to a fire

from a fire hydrant, fire truck, or water source.

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iii) Fire hydrants: Permanent fixtures that supply water to firefighters during a fire.

iv) Fireproof clothing: They are specialized clothing designed to protect firefighters

from heat, flames, and other hazards.

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 FIRST AID
Why is it necessary?

First aid is essential in emergency situations and can save lives. It is the first and

immediate assistance given to someone who has been injured or is suddenly taken ill. Whether it

is a Minor Injury like a Minor Cut or a more severe condition like a Heart Attack in the

workplace. Administering first aid can make a significant difference during Emergency.

One of the main reasons why first aid is necessary is that it can prevent a Minor Injury from

becoming more severe. Applying basic First Aid Techniques can prevent an Infection and

promote instant healing. In more severe situations, such as Heart Attack or Stroke, administering

First Aid can help the patient survive before medical professionals arrive, increasing the chances

of survival and recovery.

First Aid also helps to maintain the safety and well-being of the affected person and others

around them. For example, in a case of car accident, administering first aid can help prevent

bleeding if there is any cut and further injuries.

Another important reason why First Aid is necessary is that it Empowers individuals to take

action and respond confidently during an Emergency. Having the knowledge and skills to

administer First Aid can make a difference in how people react in a Crisis Situation. This can

reduce panic and ensure that proper FIRST care is given to the injured patient.

In summary, First Aid is necessary because it can prevent Injuries from Worsening, Promote

Healing, Increase Chances of survival, Maintain Safety, and Empower Individuals to respond

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confidently during an emergency. It is an essential skill that can Save Lives and make a

difference in Critical Situations.

First Aid Kits

First Aid kit contains all the necessary ingredient that can be used in providing First Aid .

These kits are equipped with all the things necessary to provide basic medical attention to any

person who may get injured spontaneously. Although the contents of a First Aid kit may differ

greatly depending on purpose and size, the following are some common Items found in them:

 Adhesive Bandages: used to cover small cuts or abrasions on the skin

 Gauze pads: used to cover larger wounds and absorb blood or other fluids.

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 Adhesive tape: Used to hold non – adhesive bandages in place or to secure splints.

 Antiseptic wipes/solution: Used to clean wounds and prevent early-onset infection.

 Scissors: used to cut tape, clothing, or bandages to the appropriate size.

 Tweezers: used to remove splinters, glass, or other small foreign objects from the skin.

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 ACCIDENT, HAZARDS, & INJURIES

Accidents, hazards and injuries are all sad realities of the work place. No matter the

measures put in place to avoid them, it is still likely that they will take place, for this reason it is

important that employers can correctly classify the three and as a result form an understanding of

how to avoid them:

- Accidents: Events that occur unexpectedly and often result in harm or damage. Accidents

can take many forms, such as car crashes, falls, fires, and errors. They can be caused by a

variety of factors, including human error, equipment malfunction, environmental factors,

or a combination of these. While many accidents are preventable with appropriate safety

measures and precautions, they continue to occur and can have significant consequences

for those involved.

- Hazards: Potential sources of harm or danger that exist in the environment or in a

particular situation. Hazards can be physical, chemical, biological, or psychological in

nature, and can arise from a variety of sources, such as natural disasters, workplace

conditions, or human activities. Examples of physical hazards include slippery surfaces,

falling objects. Chemical hazards can include exposure to toxic substances. Hazards can

be mitigated through various measures, such as implementing safety procedures,

providing personal protective equipment, or reducing exposure to the hazard.

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- Injuries: physical harm or damage to the body that result from an accident, illness, or

other traumatic event. They can be caused by a variety of factors, including falls, sports

injuries, workplace incidents, or violence. Injuries can have a significant impact on a

person's health, well-being, and quality of life, and may require medical treatment,

rehabilitation, or other forms of support to manage.

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 SAFETY, SIGNS AND SYMBOLS

Elements of Safety

Safety and hazard symbols are crucial in the workplace as they provide visual

communication about potential dangers and precautions that need to be taken. These

symbols are designed to be easily recognizable and universally understood, regardless of

language or culture. They alert workers and visitors to the presence of hazardous

materials, equipment or areas, and the appropriate measures to be taken to avoid

accidents or injuries. By displaying and understanding these symbols, workers can

prevent accidents, injuries, and illnesses, promoting a safe and healthy work environment

for everyone. It is, therefore, essential for employers to ensure that these symbols are

properly displayed and that workers are trained to recognize and understand them. Here

are a few examples:

i) Exclamation mark: Safety sign of an immediate skin, eye or respiratory tract

irritant, or narcotic.

ii) Flame: Flammable materials or substances liable to self-ignite when exposed to water or
air (pyrophoric), or which emit flammable gas.

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 iii) Corrosion: Materials causing skin corrosion/burns or eye damage on contact, or
that are corrosive to metals.

iv) Exploding Bomb: Explosives, including organic peroxides and highly unstable
material at risk of exploding even without exposure to air (self-reactive).

v) Skull and Crossbones: Substances, such as poisons and highly concentrated

acids, which have an immediate and severe toxic effect (acute toxicity).

In Conclusion, this S.B.A have dealt with Drafting Tools, Safety, Health, and Welfare standards.

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