Gillesania Engineering Review & Training Center

MODULE 5 - MSTC
WEEK 6 REFRESHER
8:00 AM – 9:45 AM/5:00-6:45 PM

Instructor: Engr. Gerard Vincent P. Batusin

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1. In 2010, the population of Cebu was
approximately 9,939,000 and decreasing
according to the formula 𝑦 = 𝑦𝑜 𝑒 −0.003𝑡 .
Assume that the population continues to Solution
decrease according to the given formula, predict
how many years after which the population of
Cebu will be 9,500,000. 𝑦𝑜 = 9,939,000 𝑦 = 9,500,000
A. 15 years C. 12 years
B. 10 years D. 11 years −0.003𝑡
𝑦 = 𝑦𝑜 𝑒
9500000 = 9939000𝑒 −0.003𝑡

9500000
ln = −0.003𝑡
9939000
𝑡 = 15.058 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠

𝑡 = 𝟏𝟓 𝒚𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒔
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2. Find the area of triangle ABC, given c = 23 cm, A = 20°, and B = 15°.
A. 43 cm2 C. 39 cm2
B. 41 cm2 D. 35 cm2

Solution
B 𝑏 23 𝑐𝑚
= → 𝑏 = 10.3785 𝑐𝑚
15° sin 15° sin 145°

1 1
𝐴 𝑇 = 𝑏𝑐 sin 𝜃 = 10.3785 𝑐𝑚 23 𝑐𝑚 sin 20°
2 2
𝐴 𝑇 = 40.821 𝑐𝑚2
20° 145°
A C
b 𝐴 𝑇 = 𝟒𝟏 𝒄𝒎𝟐
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3. Calculate for the bearing and direction from point 1 to 2
given the following sets of coordinates. Solution N
Point Coordinates
1 N = 1500 E = 600 1
2 N = 200 E = 400 (1500, 600)
A. S 8°43’48” W C. S 8°41’47” W
B. S 8°44’46” W D. S 8°42’44” W
θ 1300
2
(200, 400)
From the Right Triangle:
200
200
tan 𝜃 = → 𝜃 = 8°44′ 46.18"
1300 W E

The bearing from point 1 to 2 is S 8°44’46” W

S
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4. Determine the mean of the measurement with Solution
respective frequencies shown on the given table.
Mode 3:1 (Frequency On)
No. of
Distance
measurement
520.14 1
520.20 3
520.18 6
520.24 8

A. 520.21 C. 521.20
B. 522.23 D. 519.35

𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 = 𝟓𝟐𝟎. 𝟐𝟏
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5. A parametric estimate of the cost of a house consisting of 1500 m^2,
two porches and a garage. Using factors of P40/m^2, P2000/porch and
P3000/ garage. What is the estimated cost?
A. P 62,000 C. P 63,000
B. P 68,000 D. P 67,000

Solution
𝐸𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡
2
𝑃 40 𝑃 2000
= 1500 𝑚 + 2 𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠
𝑚2 𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑐ℎ
𝑃 3000
+ 1 𝑔𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒
𝑔𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒

𝐸𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 = 𝑷 𝟔𝟕, 𝟎𝟎𝟎

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6. A glider was towed 1000 meters into the air and then let go. It
descended 70 meters into a thermal (rising bubble of warm air) which
took up 2100 meters. At this point it dropped 230 m into a second
thermal. Then it rose 1200 meters. What was its altitude at that point?

A. 2500 C. 1000
B. 3000 D. 4000

Solution
𝐻 = 1000 𝑚 − 70 𝑚 + 2100 𝑚 − 230 𝑚 + 1200 𝑚

𝐻 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒎
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7. A wheel tractor scraper weighing 91 tons is being operated on a haul
with tire penetration of 5 cm. What is the total resistance (kg) and
effective grade when the scraper is descending a slope of 5%?
A. 8400 C. 4550
B. 9100 D. 0

Solution W
Wn
Grade resistance:
1000 kg
𝑅𝐺 = 𝑊𝑡 = (91 t) −0.05 ⋅ = −4550 kg
1t Rg
Rolling resistance: Wt
𝑘𝑔
𝑅𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 20 + 6 𝑥 𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑚
𝑡
𝑘𝑔
𝑅𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 20 + 6 𝑥 5 = 50
𝑡
kg 5%
𝑅𝑟 = 𝜇𝑟 𝑊 = 50 91 t = 4550 kg
t 1
Total resistance:
𝑅 = 𝑅𝐺 + 𝑅𝑟 = 4550 −4550 = 𝟎
7. A wheel tractor scraper weighing 91 tons is being operated on a haul
with tire penetration of 5 cm. What is the total resistance (kg) and
effective grade when the scraper is descending a slope of 5%?
A. 8400 C. 4550
B. 9100 D. 0

Solution W
Wn
Effective grade:
𝑘𝑔
𝑅𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 Rg
𝑡
𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑒 % = 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑒 % +
10 Wt
50
𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑒 % = −5% +
10
𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑒 % = 𝟎%
5%
1
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8. A pennant in the shape of an isosceles triangle is to be constructed for the School Athletic Club and sold at
a fund – raiser. The company manufacturing the pennant charges according to perimeter and the athletic
club has determined that a perimeter of 149 cm should make a nice profit. If each equal side of the triangle
is twice the length of the 3rd side increased by 12 cm, find the length of the sides of the triangular pennant.
A. 21 cm, 64 cm, 64 cm C. 25 cm, 62 cm, 62 cm
B. 27 cm, 61 cm, 61 cm D. 23 cm, 63 cm, 63 cm

Solution

𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 12 + 2𝑥 + 12 = 149

𝑥 = 25 𝑐𝑚
2𝑥 + 12 = 62 𝑐𝑚
2x + 12 2x + 12
𝟐𝟓 𝒄𝒎, 𝟔𝟐 𝒄𝒎, 𝟔𝟐 𝒄𝒎

x
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9. A tree broken over by the wind forms a right triangle with the ground. If
the broken part makes an angle of 50 degrees with the ground and the
top of the tree is now 20 ft from its base, how tall (ft) was the tree?
A. 24 C. 31
B. 55 D. 20

Solution
9. A tree broken over by the wind forms a right triangle with the ground. If
the broken part makes an angle of 50 degrees with the ground and the
top of the tree is now 20 ft from its base, how tall (ft) was the tree?
A. 24 C. 31
B. 55 D. 20

Solution c
𝑏
tan 50° = 𝑏 = 20 tan 50° = 23.835 ft
20
20
cos 50° = 𝑐 = 20/ cos 50°= 31.114 ft
𝑐

height of the tree:

ℎ = 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 23.835 + 31.114 c b

𝒉 = 𝟓𝟒. 𝟗𝟒𝟗 𝐟𝐭
50°

20 ft
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10. How many liters of 50% alcohol solution must be added to 80 liters of
a 10% alcohol solution to obtain a 30% solution?
A. 50 L C. 80 L
B. 20 L D. 30 L

Solution

50% 10% 30%

x liters 80 liters x + 80 liters

10. How many liters of 50% alcohol solution must be added to 80 liters of
a 10% alcohol solution to obtain a 30% solution?
A. 50 L C. 80 L
B. 20 L D. 30 L

Solution

50% 10% 30%

x liters 80 liters x + 80 liters

0.50x + 0.10 80 = 0.30 x + 80

𝐱 = 𝟖𝟎 𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐬
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11. A piece of wire is shaped to enclose a square whose area is 169 cm^2. It is then reshaped
to enclose a rectangle whose length is 15 cm. The area of the rectangle is ____
A. 225 cm2 C. 175 cm2.
B. 165 cm2 D. 156 cm2

Solution x
𝐴𝑠𝑞 = 169 cm2 = 𝑥 2
𝑥 = 13 cm 169 cm2 x

𝑃 = 4𝑥 = 4 13
𝑃 = 52 cm = 2 (𝑤+15)
𝑤 = 11 cm

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑐 = 15𝑤 = 15 11 15 cm

𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒄 = 𝟏𝟔𝟓 𝐜𝐦𝟐

w
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12. Find the eleventh term of the arithmetic sequence whose first
three terms are 2, 9, and 16.
A. 72 C. 27
B. 17 D. 28

Solution
Alternate Solution: Mode 3:2
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + 𝑛 − 1 𝑑

𝑛 = 11 𝑑=7 𝑎1 = 2

𝑎11 = 2 + 11 − 1 7

𝒂𝟏𝟏 = 𝟕𝟐
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13. Find the 10th term of the series: 5, 10, 20, 40, ………..
A. 2070 C. 2560
B. 2160 D. 2650

Solution
10 20 40
𝑟= = = = 2 (Therefore, Geometric
5 10 20 Sequence)
Alternate Solution: Mode 3:6
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 𝑟 𝑛−1
𝑛 = 10 𝑎1 = 5

𝑎10 = 5 2 10−1

𝒂𝟏𝟎 = 𝟐𝟓𝟔𝟎
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14. The space diagonal of a cube is 4√3 m. Find its volume.
A. 16 cubic meters C. 64 cubic meters
B. 48 cubic meters D. 86 cubic meters

Solution

𝑑𝑠 = 𝑎2 + 𝑎2 + 𝑎2 → 𝑑𝑠 = 𝑎 3

4 3=𝑎 3 →𝑎 =4𝑚

𝑉𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑒 = 𝑎3 = 4 𝑚 3
a
𝑽𝒄𝒖𝒃𝒆 = 𝟔𝟒 𝒎𝟑
a

a
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15. Given: a = 46°, b = 54°. What is the value of sin(a) + cos (b)?
A. 1.504 C. 0.1316
B. 1.307 D. 0.1144

Solution

sin 𝑎 + cos 𝑏 = sin 46° + cos 54° = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟎𝟕

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16. A rectangular bin 4 feet long, 3 feet wide, and 2 feet high is
solidly packed with bricks whose dimensions are 8 in. by 4 in. by
2 in. The number of bricks in the bin is:
A. 68 C. 648
B. 386 D. 956

Solution 2in

4in

8in

2ft

3ft
16. A rectangular bin 4 feet long, 3 feet wide, and 2 feet high is
solidly packed with bricks whose dimensions are 8 in. by 4 in. by
2 in. The number of bricks in the bin is:
A. 68 C. 956
B. 386 D. 648

Solution

Volume of the bin = Volume of the brick times 𝑛

3
𝑓𝑡
4(3) 2 𝑓𝑡 3 = 8 4 2 ×𝑛
12𝑖𝑛
2ft
𝒏 = 𝟔𝟒𝟖

3ft
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17. A circle is inscribed in a triangle ABC, and it touches AC at P. If
AB = 14, AC = 10, and AP = 4, what is the length of side BC?
A. 15 C. 14
B. 11 D. 16
B
Solution

4 + 𝑦 = 14 → 𝑦 = 10
y y

x + 4 = 10 → 𝑥 = 6 14 BC = ?

R Q
𝐵𝐶 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 10 + 6
4 x
𝐵𝐶 = 𝟏𝟔

A 4 C
P x

10
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18. A flagpole stands on the edge of the top of a building. At a point 150
m from the building the angles of elevation of the top and bottom of
the flagpole are 31.5° and 30°, respectively. Calculate the height of
the flagpole.
A. 5.32 m C. 6.56 m
B. 6.23 m D. 9.35 m

Solution D
𝑥 =ℎ+𝑦
h
In triangle ABD:
𝑥
tan 31.5° = → 𝑥 = 150tan 31.5° C x
150
In triangle ACD: y
𝑦 31.5°
tan 30° = → 𝑦 = 150tan 30° 30°
150
A B
150 tan 31.5° = ℎ + 150 tan 30°
150 𝑚
𝒉 = 𝟓. 𝟑𝟐 𝒎
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19. Given the corrected latitudes and departures Solution
of a closed traverse.
A = 80.16 − 40.12𝑖
Lines Latitude Departure
B = −40.13 − 36.82𝑖
1-2 80.16 -40.12
C = 70.18 + 50.42𝑖
2-3 -40.13 -36.82
D = −30.14 + 30.36𝑖
3-4 70.18 50.42
E = 60.20 − 52.34𝑖
4-5 -30.14 30.36
F = −140.27 + 48.50𝑖
5-6 60.20 -52.34
6-1 -140.27 48.50
𝑖
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑣 = (A 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑔(B)+(A + B) 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑔(C)
Compute the area in acres. 1 acre = 4047 m^2 2
A. 490.54 C. 0.151 +(A + B + C)𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑔(D)+(A + B + C + D)𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑔(E))
B. 0.121 D. 459.04
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑣 = 490.543 − 1158.63𝑖 m2

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 490.543 m2 1 𝑎𝑐𝑟𝑒/4047 m2

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟐𝟏 𝐚𝐜𝐫𝐞

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20. The north azimuth of a boundary line is 128°13’46”. Convert this to
a bearing.
A. S 51°46’14” W C. S 51°46’14”E
B. N 51°64’14” W D. N 51°64’14”E

N
Solution

𝜃 + 128°13′ 46" = 180°

𝜃 = 180° − 128°13′ 46" AzN = 128°13′ 46"

𝜃 = 51°46′ 14"
W E
The bearing from point 1 to 2 is S 51°46’14” E
θ

S
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21. Given the data for the closed traverse shown. N
Compute the following: Solution
West of North East of North

Lines Distances (m) Direction By Trial & Error: L ∠ -θ L∠θ

AB 52.96 N 48°20’ E 𝐴+𝐵+𝐶+𝐷+𝐸 =0 W E

BC 59.2 ---------
- (L ∠ θ) - (L ∠ -θ)
𝐷 =− 𝐴+𝐵+𝐶+𝐸
CD 56.36 S 7°59’ E West of South East of South

DE 75.34 --------- 𝐿𝐴𝐵 = 𝐷 = − 𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝐶 + 𝐸 = 𝟕𝟓. 𝟑𝟒

EA 42.82 N 48°12’ W S

Choice A : −(𝐴 + 59.2∠ 82°01′ + 𝐶 + 𝐸) = 75.84 

Compute the bearing of line BC.
A. N82°01’E C. N87°33’E Choice B : −(𝐴 + 59.2∠ 81°15′ + 𝐶 + 𝐸) = 75.89 
B. N81°15’E D. N82°13’E
Choice C : −(𝐴 + 59.2∠ 87°33′ + 𝐶 + 𝐸) = 75.34 ✓
Choice D : −(𝐴 + 59.2∠ 82°13′ + 𝐶 + 𝐸) = 75.82 
Line AB: 52.96∠48°20′→ 𝐀
Line CD: − 56.36∠ − 7°59′ → 𝐂 Therefore, the bearing of BC is N 87°33’E

Line EA: 42.82∠ − 48°12′→ 𝐄

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22. From the given data of a differential levelling Solution
shown in the table below, determine the
elevation at Station 4.

Station BS FS Elevation

1 5.22 394.9
2 5.99 6.47
3 7.15 6.55
4 6.33 7.34
5 5.94 6.17
6 5.22 6.38
7 9.64

A. 399.23 C. 399.32
B. 392.05 D. 392.90
22. From the given data of a differential levelling
shown in the table below, determine the Solution
elevation at Station 4.
𝐻𝐼1 =
Station BS FS Elevation HI

1 5.22 394.9 𝟒𝟎𝟎. 𝟏𝟐

2 5.99 6.47 𝟑𝟗𝟑. 𝟔𝟓 𝟑𝟗𝟗. 𝟔𝟒 𝐸𝐿2 = 𝐻𝐼2 =
3 7.15 6.55 𝟑𝟗𝟑. 𝟎𝟗 𝟒𝟎𝟎. 𝟐𝟒
4 6.33 7.34 𝟑𝟗𝟐. 𝟗𝟎
𝐸𝐿3 = 𝐻𝐼3 =
5 5.94 6.17
6 5.22 6.38
7 9.64 𝐸𝐿4 =

A. 399.23 C. 399.32
B. 392.05 D. 392.90 Alternate Solution:
3 4

𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣4 − 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣1 = ෍ 𝐵𝑆 − ෍ 𝐹𝑆
1 2

𝑬𝒍𝒆𝒗𝟒 = 𝟑𝟗𝟐. 𝟗𝟎
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23. Given PI @ 19 + 87, I = 42°14’, and R = 900 feet. Compute the
tangent distance and external distance.
A. 347.58 & 64.8 respectively C. 385.74 & 84.6 respectively
B. 374.85 & 46.8 respectively D. 358.47 & 46.8 respectively

Solution PI

PT T

T I/2
Lc I RP
PC
R
PI R
L 𝐼 𝑇 42°14′
tan = 𝑇 = 900 tan
T 2 𝑅 2
I 𝑇 = 𝟑𝟒𝟕. 𝟓𝟖𝟐
PC RP
R 𝐼 𝑅 900
cos = 𝑒= −900
2 𝑅+𝑒 42°14′
cos
2
𝑒 = 𝟔𝟒. 𝟕𝟗
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24. Find each interior angle measure of a quadrilateral if its exterior
angles are in the ratio 2:3:4:6.
A. 48°, 72°, 96°, 144° C. 60°, 120°, 100°, 80°
B. 40°, 60°, 80°, 120° D. 132°, 108°, 84°, 36°

Solution
𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠

2𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 6𝑥 = 360°
𝑥 = 24°
Exterior Angles: Interior Angles:

2𝑥 = 48° 180 − 48 = 132°

3𝑥 = 72° 180 − 72 = 108°

4𝑥 = 96° 180 − 96 = 84°

6𝑥 = 144° 180 − 144 = 36°

𝟏𝟑𝟐°, 𝟏𝟎𝟖°, 𝟖𝟒°, 𝟑𝟔°

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25. A ramp meter operates during the monitoring peak
period. Ramp meter cycles vary with time as shown in
the table below. The metering scheme allows on vehicle Solution
per cycle to pass the signal. The table below gives the
number of vehicles demanding service on ramp during 1 veh 60 s
particular time interval, the cumulative demand for the 𝑆𝑅12 = ⋅ × 15 min = 𝟕𝟓 𝐯𝐞𝐡
ramp for the morning peak, and the ramp meter cycle for 12 s 1 min
each interval. What are the service rates for meter cycle
12, 10 and 6? 1 veh 60 s
𝑆𝑅10 = ⋅ × 15 min = 𝟗𝟎 𝐯𝐞𝐡
10 s 1 min
Time 15-min Cumulative Meter
period volume volume Cycle, s
6:30-6:45 75 75 6 1 veh 60 s × 15 min = 𝟏𝟓𝟎 𝐯𝐞𝐡
𝑆𝑅6 = ⋅
6:45-7:00 100 175 10 6 s 1 min
7:00-7:15 125 300 12
7:15-7:30 110 410 12
7:30-7:45 80 490 10
7:45-8:00 65 555 6
A. 145, 65, 85 vehicles C. 85, 65, 145 vehicles
B. 75, 90, 150 vehicles D. 150, 90, 75 vehicles
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26. Find the area of the given cross – section if
the width of roadway is 12 m. Solution
Left Center Right
𝐴 𝑇 = 𝐴1 + 𝐴2 + 𝐴3 + 𝐴4
9.8 0 11.2
1 1 1 1
3.2 2.8 4.21 𝐴 𝑇 = 6 3.2 + 9.8 2.8 + 11.2 2.8 + 6 4.21
2 2 2 2
A. 62.35 C. 51.63
B. 57.96 D. 45.21 𝐴 𝑇 = 𝟓𝟏. 𝟔𝟑 𝒎𝟐

CL

9.8 11.2

A3
y2 3.2 A2 2.8 4.21
A4
A1

3.8 6m 6m 5.2
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27. ________ is the bucket capacity when the load is struck off flush
with the bucket sides.
A. Plate Line Capacity C. Water Line Capacity
B. Struck Capacity D. Heaped Volume
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28. ________ is the bucket volume contained within the bucket when
following the outline of the bucket side.
A. Plate Line Capacity C. Water Line Capacity
B. Struck Capacity D. Heaped Volume
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29. Are wellpoints that are sealed at the surface by placing a ring of bentonite or clay
around the well casing. A vacuum pump is then connected to the header pipe. The
resulting differential pressure between the well and the surrounding groundwater
will accelerate the flow of water into the well. In fine – grained soils, it may also be
necessary to place a sand filter around the wellpoint and riser pipe.
A. Electroosmosis C. Bentonite
B. Vacuum wells D. Dewatering
Next
30. When a design speed for a road project, the following factors need to be
considered:
I. Function of the road
II. Anticipated operating speed
III. Anticipated speed limit
IV. Economics
A. I, II and IV only C. I, III and IV only
B. II, III and IV only D. All of the above
Next
31. The following are vulnerable road users:
I. Pedestrians
II. People with disabilities
III. Non – motorized vehicles
IV. Motorcycles
V. Dilapidated vehicles
A. I, II, III, and IV only C. I, III, IV and V only
B. I, III and IV only D. All of the above
Next
32. Clean fresh air shall be supplied to enclosed workplaces at an average rate of
not less than ____________ an hour per worker, or at such rate as to effect a
complete change of air a number of times per hour varying from four (4) for
sedentary workers to 8 (eight) for active workers.
A. 700 to 1400 cubic meters C. 20 to 40 cubic meters
B. 300 to 600 cubic meters D. 30 to 50 cubic meters
Next
33. The air movement in enclosed workplaces shall be arranged such that the
workers are not subjected to objectionable drafts. The air velocity shall not exceed
______ per minute during the rainy season and _________ per minute during the
summer season.
A. 15 m & 45 m respectively C. 15 m & 25 m respectively
B. 30 m & 50 m respectively D. 45 m & 60 m respectively
Next
34. During project staffing the primary role of senior management is in the selection
of the :
A. Project manager C. Functional team
B. Assistant Project managers D. None of the choices
Next
35. Modern practitioners still tend to identify management
Responsibilities and skills in terms of the principles and
functions developed in the early management schools,
namely:
I. Planning
II. Organizing
III. Staffing
IV. Controlling
V. Estimating
A. I, II, III, and IV only C. I, III, IV and V only
B. I, III and IV only D. All of the above
ADDITIONAL
PROBLEMS
At a certain point A on the ground, the tower at the top of a 20-m high building subtends
an angle of 45° at another point B on the ground 25 m closer the building, the tower
subtends an angle of 45°. Find the height of the tower.

𝑟 2 = 12.52 + 20 + ℎ/2 2 1

ℎ/2
sin 45° =
𝑟
ℎ 2 r
h/2
𝑟= = ℎ 2
2 sin 45° 2 O 45°
h
45°
Substitute eq. 2 to eq. 1: r h/2

20 + ℎ/2
2
2 r r
2 2
ℎ = 12.5 + 20 + ℎ/2 45°
2 20
45°
ℎ = 𝟏𝟎𝟏. 𝟖𝟓 𝐦
A 25 B

12.5
Next
A wooden flagpole is imbedded 3 m deep at corner A of a concrete horizontal slab ABCD, square in
form and measuring 20 ft on a side. A storm broke the flagpole at a point one meter above the slab
and inclined toward corner C in the direction of the diagonal C. The vertical angles observed at the
center of the slab and at corner C to the tip of the flagpole were 65° and 35°, respectively. What is
the total length of the flagpole above the slab in yards?

x T 𝑎 ⋅ cos 35° = 21 ft
𝑑= 202 + 202 = 28.28 ft

𝑎 0.5 28.28 y

𝑎 ⋅ sin 35°
ΔOCT = → 𝑎 = 25.63 ft 30°

= 14.7 ft
sin 115° sin 30° s
B a

𝑥 + 21 = 𝑑 → 𝑥 = 28.28 −21 = 7.28 ft

1m 65°
3.28 ft 35°
A O C
𝑦 +1 m = 14.7 ft → 𝑦 = 14.7 −3.28 = 11.42 ft

𝑠= 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 13.54 ft
3.28 ft D
Length of pole above the slab 𝐿 = 1 m +13.54 ft = 16.82 ft = 𝟓. 𝟔𝟏 𝐲𝐝
Next
Immediately after Mt. Pinatubo showed telltale sights of activity the PHIVOCS set up stations to monitor
the volcano. Two such stations were located at points A and B, 7 km apart and on the same horizontal
plane as the base of the volcano, B being closer to the volcano. From A, the angle of elevation of the top
of the Volcano’s wrath is 8°, the vertical smoke emitted from the volcano’s crater subtended an angle of
64° on each stations A and B. Assuming the smoke and the two stations are on the same vertical plane,
find the height of the smoke. D

𝐴𝐷 7
ΔABD = → 𝐴𝐷 = 39.919 km
sin 98° sin 10° 18°
𝐴𝐷 ℎ𝑠 7
ΔACD = =
sin 98° sin 64° sin 10° 10°
8° hs
ℎ𝑠 = 𝟑𝟔. 𝟐𝟑𝟐 𝐤𝐦

ℎ𝑠 + ℎ𝑚
ΔADE sin 64° + 8° = 98°
𝐴𝐷
ℎ𝑚 = 39.919 sin 72°−36.232
circle C
64°
ℎ𝑚 = 𝟏. 𝟕𝟑𝟑 𝐤𝐦 98°
64°
hm
8°
A 7 km B E
Next
A descending grade of 4.2% intersects an
ascending grade of 3% at station 12 + 325 at
elevation 14.2 m. These two grades are to be
L = 260 m
connected by a 260 – m vertical parabolic curve.
A reinforced concrete culvert pipe with overall
130 130
diameter of 105 cm is to be constructed with its
top 30 cm below the subgrade. What will be the

12 + 325
invert elevation?
lowest point
Solution
𝑑 PC
0.042= → 𝑑 = 5.46 m δS
d S PT
130 0.3 m
1.05 m
𝐸𝑙𝑃𝐶 = 14.2 +𝑑 = 19.66 m
El. 14.2 PI
𝑠1 260 invert
= → 𝑠1 = 151. 667 m s1
0.042 0.042 + 0.03

0.03
1

-0.042
𝛿𝑆 = − 0.042 × 𝑠1 = −3.185 m Area = δS
2
𝐸𝑙𝑆 = 𝐸𝑙𝑃𝐶 + 𝛿𝑆 = 19.66 −3.185

𝐸𝑙𝑆 = 16. 475 m

A descending grade of 4.2% intersects an
ascending grade of 3% at station 12 + 325 at
elevation 14.2 m. These two grades are to be
connected by a 260 – m vertical parabolic curve.
A reinforced concrete culvert pipe with overall lowest
diameter of 105 cm is to be constructed with its δS point
top 30 cm below the subgrade. What will be the
invert elevation?
S
Solution 0.3 m

𝑑 1.05 m
0.042= → 𝑑 = 5.46 m
130
𝐸𝑙𝑃𝐶 = 14.2 +𝑑 = 19.66 m El. 14.2 PI

𝑠1 260
= → 𝑠1 = 151. 667 m invert
0.042 0.042 + 0.03
1
𝛿𝑆 = − 0.042 × 𝑠1 = −3.185 m
2
𝐸𝑙𝑆 = 𝐸𝑙𝑃𝐶 + 𝛿𝑆 = 19.66 −3.185

𝐸𝑙𝑆 = 16. 475 m

A descending grade of 4.2% intersects an
ascending grade of 3% at station 12 + 325 at
elevation 14.2 m. These two grades are to be
connected by a 260 – m vertical parabolic curve.
A reinforced concrete culvert pipe with overall lowest
diameter of 105 cm is to be constructed with its δS point
top 30 cm below the subgrade. What will be the
invert elevation?
S
Solution 0.3 m

1.05 m
𝐸𝑙𝑆 = 16. 475 m

Invert elevation = 𝐸𝑙𝑆 −0.3 −1.05 PI

El. 14.2
= 16.475 −0.3 −1.05
invert
= 𝟏𝟓. 𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝐦
Next
What is the longest 6’ wide shuffle board court
which will fit in a 20’ x 30’ rectangular room?
A. 29 7/8 feet C. 26 7/8 feet Solution
B. 30 7/8 feet D. 28 7/8 feet

By Pythagorean 𝑥= 62 − 𝑦 2
Theorem:
y 𝑧 𝑦 𝑦 30 − 𝑦
By Ratio & Proportion: 30 − 𝑦 = 𝑧=
𝑥 62 − 𝑦 2
From the figure:
𝑦 30 − 𝑦
𝑥 + 𝑧 = 20 62 − 𝑦 2 + = 20
62 − 𝑦2
L - y L = 30 ft. 𝑦 = 2.86168 𝑓𝑡.

From the bigger triangle: 𝑏 = 𝑧 2 + 30 − 𝑦 2

2
2.86168 30 − 2.86168 2
𝑏= + 30 − 2.86168
y 62 − 2.861682
x W–x=z
𝑏 = 𝟑𝟎. 𝟖𝟕𝟔 𝒇𝒕.
W = 20 ft.
Next
Find the expected production in loose cubic meter (LCM)
per hour of a 2.3-m3 hydraulic shovel equipped with a
front-dump bucket. The material is common earth with a
bucket fill factor of 1.0. The average angle of swing is 75°
and job efficiency is 0.80. Solution
Hint: Production (LCM/h) = C × S × V × B × E.
𝑉 = 2.3 m3
𝐵 = 1.0
𝐸 = 0.8
𝐶 = 150 cycles/h
𝑆 = 1.05
cycles
Production = 150 × 1.05 × 2.3 m3 × 1 × 0.8
h
Production = 𝟐𝟖𝟗. 𝟖 𝐋𝐂𝐌/𝐡
A. 270 LCM/h C. 290 LCM/h
B. 280 LCM/h D. 275 LCM/h
Next
 Determine the expected dragline production in
loose cubic meters (LCM) per hour based on the
following information:

Dragline size = 1.53 𝑚3

Swing angle = 120°
Average depth of cut = 2.4 m
Material = common earth
Job efficiency = 50 min/hr
Soil swell op = 25 %

Production = I x S x E
Solution:
Material: Common Earth

Bucket Size: 1.53 𝑚3

𝐵𝐶𝑀
Ideal Output: 176 ℎ𝑟

𝐵𝐶𝑀
I = 176
ℎ𝑟.
Determine the expected dragline production in
loose cubic meters (LCM) per hour based on the
following information:

Dragline size = 1.53 𝑚3 𝐵𝐶𝑀

Swing angle = 120° I = 176
ℎ𝑟.
Average depth of cut = 2.4 m
Material = common earth
Job efficiency = 50 min/hr
Soil swell op = 25 %

Production = I x S x E
Solution:
Material: Common Earth

Bucket Size: 1.53 𝑚3

Optimum cut: 3.0 m

2.4 𝑚
% of Optimum = 3.0 𝑚 𝑥 100

% of Optimum = 80 %
Determine the expected dragline production in
loose cubic meters (LCM) per hour based on the
following information:

Dragline size = 1.53 𝑚3 𝐵𝐶𝑀

Swing angle = 120° I = 176
ℎ𝑟.
Average depth of cut = 2.4 m
Material = common earth
Job efficiency = 50 min/hr
Soil swell op = 25 %

Production = I x S x E
Solution:
% of Optimum = 80 %

Swing angle = 120°

Swing depth factor = 0.90

S = 0.90
Determine the expected dragline production in
loose cubic meters (LCM) per hour based on the
following information:

Dragline size = 1.53 𝑚3 𝐵𝐶𝑀

Swing angle = 120° I = 176 S = 0.90
ℎ𝑟.
Average depth of cut = 2.4 m
Material = common earth
Job efficiency = 50 min/hr
Soil swell op = 25 %

Production = I x S x E
Solution: E = 50
𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑥
1 ℎ𝑟
ℎ𝑟 60 𝑚𝑖𝑛

E = 0.833

Volume change factor = 1 + 0.25 =

1.25

F = 1.25
Determine the expected dragline production in
loose cubic meters (LCM) per hour based on the
following information:

Dragline size = 1.53 𝑚3 𝐵𝐶𝑀

Swing angle = 120° I = 176 S = 0.90 E = 0.833 F = 1.25
ℎ𝑟.
Average depth of cut = 2.4 m
Material = common earth
Job efficiency = 50 min/hr
Soil swell op = 25 %

Production = I x S x E
Solution:
𝐵𝐶𝑀
Production = 176 𝑥 0.90 𝑥 0.833 𝑥 1.25
ℎ𝑟.

𝐿𝐶𝑀 𝑳𝑪𝑴
Production = 164. 93 = 𝟏𝟔𝟓
𝒉𝒓.
ℎ𝑟.
End