Chapter 1 Understanding the Math in Chemistry =v x + — 2 3 1What are significant figures/digits? A. Significant figures (digits) are a combination of certain as well as uncertain numbers. B. Example: = Estimated cena in value 48.2896 (rounded up) 48.3101 (rounded down)This is the way | learned the sig. fig. rules 1. Any digit that is not zero is significant. 1234.56 6 significant figures 1234.56 6 significant figures @Qe 2. Zeros between non-zero digits are significant. 1002.5 5 significant figures 3. Zeros to the left of the first non-zero digit are not significant. 000456 3 significant figures 0.0056 2 significant figures 4. If the number is greater than one (1), then all zeros to the right of the decimal point are significant. 457.12 5 significant figures 400.00 5 significant figures 5. If the number is less than one, then only zeros that are at the end of the number and between non-zero digits are significant. 0.01020 4 significant figures 6. For numbers that do not contain decimal points, the trailing zeros may or may not be significant. In this course assume the digits are significant unless told otherwise. 1000 1, 2, 3, or 4 significant figures. UNCLEAR assume 4 in calculation 0.0010 2 significant figures 1.000 4 significant figures 7. Assume defined and counted quantities have an unlimited number of significant figures.C. Significant Figures RULES Rule #1: If a decimal point is present count from Left to Right (LOR) DONOTSTARTWiTHO Rule #2: If a decimal point is absent count from Right to Left (LOR) poNorsraRrwiTioD. Predict the amount of sig. figs in the following: 1. 138.7 4si9- figs. 9. 1000. 4sia. figs. 100-— 18/9. fia. 10. 10500 38i9- figs. — 0.00320 3sig. figs. 0.0050 2sig. figs. 89.0 3 sig. figs. 890 2 sig. figs. 0.0030 2sig. figs. 1000 1sig. fig. ONAMA wO LDIl. Scientific Notation A. General Equation: vi X 107 Examples: 4 890. 4 3 xf ‘3087 {45.2)- 14.85724 ——> 14.9VI. Forms of Matter Video clip a. Element: [| Smallest, indivisible part of a substance When a metal and nonmetal combine b. | Compound: by giving and taking electrons! Ex: Table salt C. Molecule: When two or more nonmetals combine by sharing electrons!! Ex: Water (H,0)d. 77 Minturex Homogeneous Mixture: Heterogeneous Mixture: Visible components are Has | ieeeceates A distinction all similar between | ieeeceates AVII. Changes in Matter can be physical or chemical A. _ Physical change: Identity of substance is NOT altered. B. Chemical change: New substance has different set of properties. Changes in Matter Video clipAccording to your understanding.... What’s more dense? A Rock or A SpongeIce Cubes or Liquid Water Ice Water Ice (H20;.)) hi Liquid water > Hycrag@Kpands (HO) BB 11% evoen fo - when it freezes €, Ophardk, e. 2003Adding water based food coloringWhich one is more dense?? WWF WrestlerCoke v. Diet Coke \So what's the difference between accuracy and precision? Accuracy refers to how closely a measured value agrees with the correct value. Precision refers to how closely individual measurements agree with each other. The repeatability of the results. accurate recise accurate (the average is accurate) not pecanaia and not precise preciseDefinition for Density * The amount of matter in a certain amount of space (volume) Equation for Density D=Mass (g) Volume (ml) or (cm?) i.) aPractice Quiz 1. Arock is submerged in a graduated cylinder. The water level rises from 13.0ml to 14.5 ml. If the rock weighs 6.00g, what is the density of the rock? 2. If apiece of metal has a density of 50.78g/cm$ and a mass of 20mg, what is its volume? 3. Explain why cm? is equal to a ml.