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2.4 Structure characteristics of CNC machines – Spindle

and guide way
1.Spindle: Provides the cutting power to cutting tool to
remove chip
•Turing CNC machine:
– Structure of spindle
is similar to that of
conventional turning
machine, however, it
is made with higher
precision than that
– it is integrated a
feed back system

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2.4 Structure characteristics of CNC machines – Spindle

and guide way

– Some turning
machine can be
integrated a servo
motor on the
spindle.

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2.4 Structure characteristics of CNC machines – Spindle

and guide way
– Because of high working speed so spindle need to be cooled by
oil, air or even water

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2.4 Structure characteristics of CNC machines – Spindle

and guide way
• Milling CNC:
– Spindle has special
lubricant: non recycle
lubricant system (Micro
fog lubricant).
– Spindle is integrated with
air tool clamping device
or even a servo motor.

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2.4 Structure characteristics of CNC machines – Spindle

and guide way
– Compressed air tool
clamping device

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2.4 Structure characteristics of CNC machines – Spindle

and guide way
2. Guide way: Guide movement according to the design
trajectory: Sliding guide way and rolling guide way.
• Sliding hydro lubricated guide way:
– Small coefficient of friction, low loss, high stability
– High rigidity, reduce vibration, increase service life,
– To meet the acceleration requirements of the tool feed movement,
– Ensures movements as small as 0.001mm

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Translation
To meet theresults
requirements of large acceleration, small displacement, discontinuity, avoid jumping friction when friction is limited,
2.4 Structure characteristics of CNC machines – Spindle
and guide way
• Rolling guide way:
– Small friction loss, high sensitivity, no
gap,
– Standardized: improved quality (materials,
surface quality measures), improved
accuracy,
– Lubrication: oil mist or direct drip
according to the time control,

–Meet the
requirements of large
acceleration, tiny
displacement,
discontinuity, avoid
stick and slip,

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2.4 Structure characteristics of CNC machines – Spindle

and guide way

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2.4 Structure characteristics of CNC machines – Spindle

and guide way
3. Ball - Screw:
• Higher Precision,
• High sensitivity,

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2.4 Structure characteristics of CNC machines – Spindle

and guide way
• Ball Nut on CNC machines are usually assembled from two
independent parts, in order to create structures that eliminate gaps
and create initial redundancy,
• Axial assembly - used in mechanisms requiring precise
transmission.

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2.4 Structure characteristics of CNC machines – Spindle

and guide way
– Radial assembly – used in mechanisms requiring only
clearance and quiet, light drive

•The pitch error of the ball screw can be adjusted automatically

during machine operation, thanks to the CNC controller that
stores the testing measurement values of the screw and nut
when the machine is initially installed.
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2.4 Structure characteristics of CNC machines – Spindle

and guide way

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2.5 Structure characteristics of CNC machines –

Feed back system
1. Roles and categories:
• Role: Collecting all information of parts then sending to
controller
• Categories:
– Driving system:
• Translation measuring system
• Rotation measuring system
– Measuring signal:
• Digital
• Analog
– Measuring method:
• Absolute measuring
• Incremental measuring
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2.5 Structure characteristics of CNC machines –

Feed back system
2. Measuring system – Direct and indirect measuring system:
• Direct measuring system:

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2.5 Structure characteristics of CNC machines –

Feed back system
• Indirect measuring:

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2.5 Structure characteristics of CNC machines –

Feed back system
3. Absolute - Incremental measuring
• Absolute measuring:

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2.5 Structure characteristics of CNC machines –

Feed back system
– Incremental measuring

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2.5 Structure characteristics of CNC machines –

Feed back system

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