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CHAPTER 6: Auxiliary Pneumatic SYSTEM

6.1 Basic components of a pneumatic system

1. General diagram:

Compressor P=> pk
1. Equipment for preparing compressed air: drying, filtering,
lubricating, maintaining pressure.
2. Transmission path and power conversion:
• Flow control valve
• Pressure regulator valve
3. Drive mechanism: Converts the potential energy of
compressed air into Pck
4. Compressed air path
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6.1 Basic components of a pneumatic system

• Symbols of the basic elements of a compressed air system

Manual
filter
flushing

cooling drying

Pressure relief
air hose valve integration
lubrication kit with auxiliary
relief valve
Automatic
flushing compressed air
water supply equipment
separator
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components of a pneumatic
system

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6.1 Basic components of a pneumatic system

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6.1 Basic components of a pneumatic system

• Principle:

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6.1 Basic components of a pneumatic system

• Size of air receiver depends:

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6.1 Basic components of a pneumatic system

• Piston compressor

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6.1 Basic components of a pneumatic system

• Screw compressor

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6.1 Basic components of a pneumatic system

• Rotary vane compressor

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6.1 Basic components of a pneumatic system

2. Compressed air supply
equipment :
• Tasks:
– Ensure the supply of clean
compressed air, free of
dust, water
– Ensure a steady supply of
pressure, not exceeding the
required maximum
pressure.
– Provide the right amount of
oil to lubricate the system:
valves, cylinders, engines
• Main parts:
– Filter
– Pressure regulator
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– Lubricants

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6.2 Air filter - Pressure regulator - Dirty discharge

1. Air filter
Main parts
1. Incoming air
2. One-way shield (twisted)
3. Filter element
4. Area where dirt and water fall
5. Dirty container, water
6. Automatic exhaust unit
7. Drain water directive
8. Out air
Mechanism:
Compressed air through the inlet spirals
downwards, centrifuging the dirt and
water that adheres to the housing and
flows downwards, where they are
discharged automatically or manually.
Compressed air passes through filter 3 Machine-tool and Tribology 11
and then through port 8

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6.2 Air filter - Pressure regulator - Dirty discharge

2. Pressure regulator
• Pressure regulator duty
– Because the pressure supply
always distributes more
pressure than required
(common power supply for
many different objects)
– Pressure must be reduced to
suit the individual requirements
of each part.
• There are 2 main types
– Pressure relief valve without
secondary pressure relief
– Pressure reducing valve with
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secondary pressure relief

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6.2 Air filter - Pressure regulator - Dirty discharge

o Pressure relief valve with secondary

pressure relief :
Most pressure reducing valves have a
secondary pressure reducing function, in
structure there is an additional pressure
reducing hole in the center of the
diaphragm shaft
o Working principle:
In the condition where pressure relief is
not required, the pressure relief hole is
closed by the valve needle. If there is
overpressure, the diaphragm moves
upward on the main air valve to close =>
open the pressure relief hole, the pressure
drops to the diaphragmMachine-tool
to closeandthe
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injector.
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6.2 Air filter - Pressure regulator - Dirty discharge

3. Combined filter
pressurization and
automatic discharge
• Structure :
In principle, combining
the two types of
systems above
• Principle diagram

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6.3 Air lubrication

1. General principles
• Air lubrication is widely used
to reduce friction and
corrosion of mechanical
parts. Lubricating oil exists
in the form of mist (when
released into the air, there is
a quantity of lubricating oil
that affects health)
• Principle of air lubrication :
Due to the difference in flow
velocities, it creates the
attraction of diffused oil into
the air stream
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6.3 Air lubrication

2. Macro Lubrication :
• Compressed air enters port 4,
through diffuser 3, through
flow sensor 9, creates a
pressure difference between 5
and 11, sucks oil through
siphon tube 6 and check valve
7, oil through regulating valve
1 diffuses into the stream air
out 8
• Characteristic:
– All oil droplets enter the air
stream and are diffused
– Large oil droplets tend to fall
out of the gas stream
– Used for parts near the 16
lubricating part Machine-tool and Tribology

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6.3 Air lubrication

3. MICRO-FOG Lubrication
• Principle:
Due to the high air flow velocity
through air hole 1, which sucks oil
through siphon pipe 4, through cap
7, where it drips and through oil
injection hole 6 into the reservoir,
most of the oil particles are
returning to the reservoir, only the
Micro-Fog molecules are
redirected 90O to the gate A

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6.3 Air lubrication

3. MICRO-FOG Lubrication
• Principle:
Due to the high air flow velocity
through air hole 1, which sucks oil
through siphon pipe 4, through cap
7, where it drips and through oil
injection hole 6 into the reservoir,
most of the oil particles are
returning to the reservoir, only the
Micro-Fog molecules are
redirected 90O to the gate A

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6.3 Air lubrication

3. MICRO-FOG Lubrication
• Characteristics: The oil is
atomized, very good
lubricating.
• Disadvantages:
- Health effects
- Beware of temperatures that can
cause a fire

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6.4 Pneumatic system on BRIDGEPORT TC1 CNC

machine
Khèi l µm s ¹ch khÝ nÐn

Bé ®iÒu chØnh ¸p suÊt

¸p suÊt ®i Òu c hØnh 15 PSI
(1 Bar)

Van ®ãng më Läc tinh, x ¶ cÆn tù ®éng

nguån khÝ nÐn

Bé ®iÒu chØnh ¸p suÊt Läc vµ b«i tr¬n khÝ

¸p suÊt ®i Òu c hØnh: 75 PSI (5,5 Bar) '8
nÐn, x ¶ cÆn b»ng tay

Läc th«, x ¶ cÆn tù ®éng

R¬ le ¸p s uÊt
§ãng ë ¸p suÊt 60 PS I KhÝ s¹ch lµm m¸t
côm trôc chÝnh
'6

'8

KhÝ nÐn ®Èy dông cô vµ

lµm s ¹ch c«n trôc chÝnh
HÖ thèng van k hÝ nÐn ®iÒu khiÓn

Thay ®æi tèc ®é A, B Bé ®iÒu khiÓn b¸nh r¨ng C¬ cÊu thay dao
C¬ cÊu phanh h·m

.020 .020
Breake '8
cylinder
unit
.025 .025
'8 '8
'4 '4 '4 '4 '8 '8
2 2 2 3 2 Cöa x ¶ 2
3 3 3 3
A A A A
A
1
IN
EX IN EX EX EX EX IN EX EX IN EX EX IN EX
4 1 5 4 5 4 1 5 4 1 5 4 1 5

Van c¬ ®i Ön tõ A: Tèc ®é thÊp Van c¬ - ®iÖn tõ ®iÒu Van c¬ - ®iÖn tõ Van ®iÒu k hiÓn k hÝ nÐn
®iÒu k hiÓn phanh B: Tèc dé c ao khiÓn thay ®æi tèc ®é ®iÒu k hiÓn thay dao lµm s ¹ch c«n trôc chÝnh '8

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