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Concrete Specifications

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CONCRETE SPECIFICATIONS
Materials

 WATER : Water shall be clean and free from alkaline

and acid matters and suitable for drinking purposes.
 CEMENT : shall be fresh Portland cement of standard
I.S.I. specifications, and shall have the required tensile
and compressive stresses and fineness.
 AGGREGATE : shall be of Inert Materials and should
be of Inert Materials and clean, dense, hard, sound,
 durable and Non-absorbent and capable of developing
good bond with mortar.
 SAND : Shall be Clean and free from Dust, Dirt, and
Organic Matters.

Mixing

 Mixing shall be done in masonry platform or sheet iron

tray.
 For concrete of 1:2:4 proportion first two boxes of sand
and one bag of cement shall be mixed dry thoroughly
and then this dry mix of cement and sand shall be
placed over a stack of 4 boxes of stone aggregate and
the whole mixed dry turning at least three times to have
uniform mix.
 Water shall then be added slowly and gradually with a
water-can while being mixed to the required quantity 25
to 30 liters (5 to 6 gallons) per bag of cement, to give a
plastic mix of the required workability and water cement
ratio.
 Machine Mixing

 Stone ballast, sand and cement shall be put in to the

cement concrete mixer to have the required proportion.
 For concrete of 1:2:4 proportion first four boxes stone
ballast, then two boxes sand and then one bag of
cement shall be put into the C.C. Mixer, the machine
shall then be revolved to mix materials dry and then
water shall be added gradually to the required quantity,
25 to 30 litres (5 to 6 gallons) per bag of cement to have
the required water cement ratio.
 The mixing should be thorough to have a plastic mix of
uniform colour. It requires 1 ½ to 2 minute’s rotation for
thorough mixing.
 Laying

 Before laying the concrete, the shuttering shall be

clean, free from dust, dirt and other foreign matters. The
concrete shall be deposited (not dropped) in its final
position.
 In case of columns and walls, It is desirable to place
concrete in full height if practicable (as mentioned in
specifications) so as to avoid construction joints but the
process of concreting in the vertical direction shall be
restricted to one meter per hour.
 Care shall be taken that the time between mixing and
placing of concrete shall not exceed 20 minutes so that
the initial setting process is not interfered with.

Curing
 After about two hours laying when concrete has begun
to harden, it shall be kept damp by covering with wet
gunny bags or wet sand for 24 hours, and then cured by
flooding with water making mud walls 7.5 cm (3”) high
or by covering with wet sand or earth and kept damp
continuously for 15 days.
 If specified Curing may be done by covering Concrete
with special type of Waterproof Paper as to prevent
water escaping or evaporating.

Covering with wet gunny bags

 Flooding with water, making mud walls

Finishing

 If specified ,the exposed surface shall be plastered with

1 : 3 cement, sand, mortar, not exceeding 6 mm (1″)
thickness and the plastering shall be applied
immediately after removal of the centering while the
concrete is green.
 Immediately before applying the plaster the surface of
concrete shall be wetted and neat cement wash shall be
given.

Bullfloating
 Handfloating

Transporting

 Concrete shall be transported from the mixer to the

place of laying as rapidly as possible by methods which
will prevent the segregation or loss of any of the
ingredients and maintaining the required workability.

Centering and Shuttering

 Centering and shuttering shall be made with timber or

steel-plate close and tight to prevent leakage of mortar,
with necessary props, bracings and wedges, sufficiently
strong and stable and should not yield on laying
 concrete and made in such a way that they can be
slackened and removed gradually without disturbing the
concrete.

Compaction

 Concrete shall be thoroughly compacted and fully

worked around embedded fixtures and into corners of
the framework.
 Compaction shall be done by mechanical vibrator of
appropriate type till a dense concrete is obtained. the
mechanical vibrators shall conform to is 2505
specifications for concrete vibrators (immersion type).
 To prevent segregation, over-vibration shall be avoided.
 Hand-compaction shall be done with the help of
tamping rods.
 Compaction shall be completed before the initial setting
starts.
 Use of immersion vibrator

Compaction of concrete placed in layers

 Mode of Measurement

 Concrete shall be taken in cu m (cu ft) and

measurements of length, breadth and height or
thickness shall be taken to the nearest 1 cm (1 ½”),
except that the thickness of slabs, partitions, post,
beams, and the like shall be measured to the nearest
0.5 cm( ¼”). No deduction shall be made for openings
up to 0.1 sq m (1 sq ft).
 Formwork, centering and shuttering shall be taken
under separate item in sq m (sq ft) unless otherwise
herein provided. Formwork shall be measured as the
actual surface in contact with the concrete. For slabs
vertical sides (edges) shall not be measured.
 Fair finish to the exposed surface of concrete or hacking
or roughening surfaces of concrete shall be included in
the description and the thickness of finishing shall not
be measured with the concrete. Special finishes, except
precast concrete shall be measured separately in sq m
(sq ft).

Thickness of concrete = 230.0

 Thickness of finish shall not be included
Tests

 Testing is done at a minimum of 12 random locations on

each wall, column and beam.
 The readings should be the following % of the values
prescribed in the calibration chart:

1. 125%: very good. full payment

2. 125-100%: good. full payment
3. 100-75%: satisfactory. full payment
4. 75-50%: shall be considered. rated reduced on prorate
basis.
5. 50%: rejected. not paid for.
 Precautions

 Testing shall be done as per the guidelines of the

manufacturer of the apparatus and in accordance with
the Indian standards for non-destructive testing of
concrete-method of test by rebound.
 The age factor of concrete between 3 days and 3
months can be ignored.
 Other factors which influence rebound hammers need to
be taken care of. e.g., type of cement, moisture content
etc.

Cylindrical Moulds
 Compression Testing

RATES

 INCLUDES: cost of labour + material involved in all the

operations
 with the EXCEPTION of : coat of Hot BITUMEN (other
water proofing materials as well) + cost of centering and
shuttering
 IF average compressive strength is less than specified,
but up to 75%, the rate payable SHALL be in same
proportion as of the strength (note: the 28 days cube
test result shall be the basis of determination of
strength)
 IF average compressive strength is less than 75 % of
the specified strength, the rate payable SHALL be 75%
of the quoted rate minus 1.5 times the further
percentage reduction below 75% strength
  For example, average compressive strength is 80% of
specified strength. Then the rate payable shall be 80%
of tendered rate.
 And if average compressive strength is 65% of specified
strength, then the rate payable shall be 75-1.5*(75-65) =
60% of the tendered rate.

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