Ul489i 2 o 20220314

March 14, 2022
UL 489I
Outline of Investigation for Solid State Molded-Case Circuit Breakers
Issue Number 2
This document is only permissible for use by CSDS for CSDS use. 5/3/2024 11:45:52 AM
March 14, 2022
Summary of Topics
This is the second issue of the Outline of Investigation for Solid State
Molded-Case Circuit Breakers, UL 489I dated March 14, 2022, which includes
the following changes:
• Addition of Solid State Hybrid Molded-Case Circuit Breakers

(SSHCB), Solid State Molded-Case Switches (SSMCS) and Solid State
Hybrid Molded-Case Switches (SSHMCS)
• Addition of requirements for mechanical operation and locking
means in the OFF position
• Addition of requirements concerning auxiliary, control and
communication circuits
• Expansion and clarification of Functional Safety requirements in
Section 9
• Addition of requirements for insulation materials in contact with live
parts
• Addition of Leakage Test requirements following other tests, and an
allowance of leakage current of 2.0 mA on DC ratings
• Addition of a Verification of Operating Sequence test
• Clarification of testing requirements from UL 991
• Addition of Isolating Switch and SSHCB Paralleling Switch
Capability tests
• Addition of requirements for colors indicating OFF/OPEN markings
• Clarifications to enclosure requirements for Temperature tests
• Clarifications to Leakage Current test procedure
• Clarifications to Abnormal Voltage test procedure
• Clarifications to Dielectric Voltage-Withstand test procedure
• Clarifications to Breakdown of Components test procedure, and
requirement to conduct testing with available fault current equivalent
to interrupting rating
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2 UL 489I MARCH 14, 2022
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MARCH 14, 2022 UL 489I 3
CONTENTS
ALL DEVICES ...................................................................................................................................5
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................5
1 Scope ..................................................................................................................................5
2 Components .........................................................................................................................5
3 Units of Measurement ...........................................................................................................5
4 Undated References .............................................................................................................5
5 Glossary...............................................................................................................................5
SOLID STATE MOLDED-CASE CIRCUIT BREAKER (SSCB) AND SOLID STATE HYBRID MOLDED-
CASE CIRCUIT BREAKER (SSHCB) ....................................................................................6
CONSTRUCTION ..............................................................................................................................6
6 General ................................................................................................................................6
7 Spacings ..............................................................................................................................7
8 Adjustable SSCB and SSHCB................................................................................................7
9 Functional Safety ..................................................................................................................7
9.1 General ......................................................................................................................7
9.2 Conditions to be addressed ..........................................................................................8
10 Electrical Insulation Material.................................................................................................8
PERFORMANCE ...............................................................................................................................9
11 General ..............................................................................................................................9
12 Temperature Test ..............................................................................................................10
13 Leakage Current Test ........................................................................................................10
14 Abnormal Voltage Test ....................................................................................................... 11
15 Dielectric Voltage-Withstand Test ....................................................................................... 11
16 Breakdown of Components Test .........................................................................................12
17 Additional Environmental Stress Testing..............................................................................13
18 Isolating Switch Capability Test...........................................................................................13
19 SSHCB Paralleling Switch Capability Test ...........................................................................13
RATINGS ........................................................................................................................................14
20 General ............................................................................................................................14
MARKING .......................................................................................................................................14
21 General ............................................................................................................................14
SOLID STATE MOLDED-CASE SWITCH (SSMCS) AND SOLID STATE HYBRID MOLDED-CASE
CIRCUIT BREAKER (SSHMCS)..........................................................................................15
CONSTRUCTION ............................................................................................................................15
22 General ............................................................................................................................15
PERFORMANCE .............................................................................................................................15

4 UL 489I MARCH 14, 2022
23 General ............................................................................................................................15
24 Temperature Test ..............................................................................................................16
25 Leakage Current Test ........................................................................................................16
26 Abnormal Voltage Test.......................................................................................................16
27 Dielectric Voltage-Withstand Test .......................................................................................17
28 Breakdown of Components Test .........................................................................................17
29 Additional Environmental Stress Testing..............................................................................17
30 Isolating Switch Capability Test...........................................................................................17
31 SSHCS Paralleling Switch Capability Test ...........................................................................17
RATINGS ........................................................................................................................................17
32 General ............................................................................................................................17
MARKING .......................................................................................................................................17
33 General ............................................................................................................................17

MARCH 14, 2022 UL 489I 5
ALL DEVICES
INTRODUCTION
1 Scope
1.1 These requirements cover solid state molded-case circuit breakers (SSCB), solid state hybrid
molded-case circuit breakers (SSHCB) rated up to 1000 Vac and 1500 Vdc that switch using
semiconductors and have integral airgap for isolation. These devices are intended to provide service
entrance, feeder, and branch circuit protection in accordance with the National Electrical Code,
ANSI/NFPA-70. These devices may require auxiliary control power.
1.2 This Outline also covers solid state molded-case switches (SSMCS) and solid state hybrid molded-
case switches (SSHMCS) rated up to 1000 Vac and 1500 Vdc.
1.3 These requirements are intended to be used in conjunction with the requirements in the Standard for
Molded-Case Circuit Breakers, Molded-Case Switches and Circuit-Breaker Enclosures, UL 489, hereafter
referred to as UL 489, except as modified or supplemented by this Outline.
2 Components
2.1 Except as indicated in 2.2, a component of a product covered by this Outline shall comply with the
requirements for that component.
2.2 A component is not required to comply with a specific requirement that:
a) Involves a feature or characteristic not required in the application of the component in the
product covered by this Outline; or
b) Is superseded by a requirement in this Outline.
2.3 A component shall be used in accordance with its rating established for the intended conditions of
use.
2.4 Specific components are incomplete in construction features or restricted in performance

capabilities. Such components are intended for use only under limited conditions, such as certain
temperatures not exceeding specified limits, and shall be used only under those specific conditions.
3 Units of Measurement
3.1 Values stated without parentheses are the requirement. Values in parentheses are explanatory or
approximate information.
4 Undated References
4.1 Any undated reference to a code or standard appearing in the requirements of this Outline shall be
interpreted as referring to the latest edition of that code or standard.
5 Glossary
5.1 For the purpose of this Outline, the following definitions apply in addition to the definitions in UL 489.

6 UL 489I MARCH 14, 2022
5.2 SOLID STATE MOLDED-CASE CIRCUIT BREAKER (SSCB) – A molded-case circuit breaker that
automatically operates using semiconductors to open under overcurrent and short circuit conditions to
provide branch circuit overcurrent protection, followed by electromechanical opening of integral contacts to
provide electrical isolation to the load.
5.3 SOLID STATE HYBRID MOLDED-CASE CIRCUIT BREAKER (SSHCB) – A SSCB with integral
electromechanical switches in parallel with the semiconductor switches.
Note – The integral parallel electromechanical switches of a SSHCB are intended to carry continuous current to reduce the power
consumption, and are not typically intended to make or break the load current or overcurrent, and do not provide isolation to the load.
5.4 SOLID STATE MOLDED-CASE SWITCH (SSMCS) – A molded-case switch that operates using
semiconductors to open a circuit by nonautomatic means, followed by electromechanical opening of
integral contacts to provide electrical isolation to the load.
5.5 SOLID STATE HYBRID MOLDED-CASE SWITCH (SSHMCS) – A SSMCS with integral
electromechanical switches in parallel with the semiconductor switches.
Note – The integral parallel electromechanical switches of a SSHMCS are intended to carry continuous current to reduce the power
consumption, and are not typically intended to make or break the current, and do not provide isolation to the load.
5.6 STANDBY – A position of a solid state molded-case circuit breaker or solid state molded-case switch
in which the semiconductor and integral parallel electromechanical switch (if applicable) are in the off
position. This position is not the “OFF”, “ON” or “TRIPPED” position. Standby is not a safe position, and to
safely perform work on the load side, the device must be in OFF position.
SOLID STATE MOLDED-CASE CIRCUIT BREAKER (SSCB) AND SOLID STATE HYBRID MOLDED-
CASE CIRCUIT BREAKER (SSHCB)
CONSTRUCTION
6 General
6.1 The construction of a SSCB and SSHCB shall comply with the requirements as specified in Section 6
of UL 489, except as noted in Sections 6 – 10 of this Outline as applicable.
6.2 A SSCB or SSHCB in the “OFF” or “TRIPPED” position shall completely disconnect all ungrounded
conductors to the load by means of an integral airgap switch.
6.3 SSCB and SSHCB shall have means to mechanically operate the isolating airgap to the OFF
position. Operation using electronic circuit control components only, such as a selector switch controlling
electromagnetic relays, shall not be considered as meeting this requirement.
6.4 SSCB and SSHCB shall have provisions to lock the isolating airgap contacts in the OFF position.
Such provisions shall be mechanically coupled to the isolating airgap contacts. Provisions to lock circuit
controls only, such as a selector switch controlling electromagnetic relays, shall not be considered as
meeting this requirement.
6.5 SSCB and SSHCB may be provided with a “STANDBY” position.
6.6 SSCB and SSHCB may be provided with auxiliary, control or communication circuits supplied from
the primary circuit that extend outside the molded case. The auxiliary, control or communication circuit
shall be an isolated secondary circuit meeting the requirements of a Class 2 circuit, a Limited
Voltage/Current circuit, or a Limited Power Source in accordance with UL 508.
MARCH 14, 2022 UL 489I 7
6.7 With respect to 6.6, if the auxiliary, control or communication circuit is supplied from the line side of
the airgap or if the SSCB or SSHCB is not marked “Line” and “Load”, the device shall be marked in
accordance with 21.6.
7 Spacings
7.1 The electrical spacings shall meet the requirements of Section 6.1.6 of UL 489.
8 Adjustable SSCB and SSHCB
8.1 SSCB and SSHCB that have adjustable current settings shall meet the requirements of Section 6.7
of UL 489.
Exception: Adjustable current settings may be capable of being changed without the use of a tool if the
means for adjustment is password protected.
9 Functional Safety
9.1 General
9.1.1 SSCB and SSHCB shall be subjected to a risk assessment for functional safety in accordance with
Sections 9.1 and 9.2.
9.1.2 Standards listed in Table 9.1 shall be used along with the requirements in Section 9.2 to evaluate
the SSCB or SSHCB.
Table 9.1
Functional Safety Standards
Standard for Safety for Tests for Safety-Related Controls Employing Solid-State Devices, UL 991.
The Demonstrated Method shall not be used.
Electronic devices
Critical components evaluated using the Computational Investigation method shall have predicted
failure rate of the device equivalent or better than IEC 61508 SIL 2.
UL 489, Supplement SE or UL 1998, Standard for Software in Programmable Components, UL 489,
Firmware/software Supplement SE or UL 1998 shall be used in conjunction with Functional Safety standards, such as
UL 991, to also evaluate discrete component hardware and non-programmable IC’s.
Alternate standards that may be used in place of UL 489 Supplement SE, UL 1998 and UL 991 for evaluating risk and functional
safety:
• Functional Safety of Electrical/Electronic/Programmable Electronic Safety Related Systems, IEC 61508. Devices shall
comply with a minimum of SIL 2.
• Automatic Electrical Controls – Part 1: General Requirements, UL/IEC 60730-1, Annex H. Devices shall comply with
minimum Class B control function requirements, unless superseded by this Outline.
9.1.3 All SSCB and SSHCB shall address conditions noted in Section 9.2.
9.1.4 Devices shall have a failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) performed as described in the
standards listed in Table 9.1. The failure of a solid-state device or an electronic component (such as an
open or short circuit) shall result in one of the following conditions:
a) No loss of functionality described in 9.2.1(a), or
b) Switch the circuit breaker to the OFF position if the function has been negated.

8 UL 489I MARCH 14, 2022
9.1.5 The manufacturer shall perform a risk assessment considering the interaction of the firmware and
circuit as listed in Table 9.1. The software/firmware version shall be controlled.
Exception: Firmware or software independent from and segregated from the functions in 9.2.1(a) need not
be evaluated.
9.1.6 Any single point component failure that causes the device not to perform its intended function
without the aid of a self-test system shall be identified as a critical component. Critical components shall
be evaluated in accordance with UL 991 or the equivalent functional safety standard listed in Table 9.1. If
the SSCB or SSHCB has a self-test system to identify the failure of a critical component, then the
operation of a self-test system shall be verified by testing with faults implemented to simulate failure of
each of the system elements covered by the self-test system. The self-test system shall recognize the fault
or failure, with the device carrying its rated current or less, and it shall switch the circuit breaker to the OFF
or TRIPPED position.
9.1.7 If the Failure-Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) shows a condition where switching the circuit
breaker to the OFF position as specified in 9.1.4(b) is achieved by the isolating switch without the
semiconductor switch opening first, the isolating switch shall be subjected to the Isolating Switch
Capability test in Section 18.
9.1.8 For SSHCB, if the Failure-Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) shows a condition where switching
the circuit breaker to the OFF position as specified in 9.1.4(b) is achieved by the paralleling switch without
proper sequencing with the semiconductor switch, the paralleling switch shall be subjected to the SSHCB
Paralleling Switch Capability test in Section 19.
9.2 Conditions to be addressed
9.2.1 A functional safety evaluation shall address the following:
a) Functionality of the product.
1) Semiconductor switching under nonautomatic and automatic operation.
2) Correct sequencing of isolating switch, semiconductor switch, and, if applicable,

paralleling switch
3) Auxiliary equipment and functions which may be provided with a SSCB or SSHCB but
which are unrelated to the functions described in (1) and (2) above, are only required to be
evaluated for functional safety insofar as they interact or interfere with the function.
b) Single point failure of components.
c) Loss of line or control power.
10 Electrical Insulation Material
10.1 Insulation material in contact with live parts shall have at least the minimum values specified in
Table 10.1.
10.2 An insulation material having values below those contained in Table 10.1 may be accepted based
on acceptable end-product performance tests in accordance with UL 746C.

MARCH 14, 2022 UL 489I 9
Table 10.1
Minimum values for insulating materials
Flammability rating of material

Test specified
V-0 V-1 V-2 HB
Hot wire ignition (HWI)e, ignition time in sec. 7 15 30 30
(Annex A, Ref. No. 3) (PLC 4) (PLC 3) (PLC 2) (PLC 2)
High current arc ignition (HAI)d, number of arcs 15 30 30 60
(Annex A, Ref. No. 10) (PLC 3) (PLC 2) (PLC 2) (PLC 1)
Comparative tracking index (CTI) under moist conditionsc, volts 175a,b 175a,b 175a,b 175a,b
(Annex A, Ref. No. 2) (CTI 3) (CTI 3) (CTI 3) (CTI 3)
a) A material having a minimum comparative tracking value of 100 (PLC 4) may be used if the voltage involved is 250 volts or less.
b) Not applicable if the over-surface spacing is greater than or equal to 12.7 mm (1/2 inch).
c) Material surface is in contact with or in close proximity [within 0.8 mm (1/32 inch)] to:
1) uninsulated live parts of opposite polarity, or
2) uninsulated live parts and either
i) metal parts that may be grounded in service, or
ii) any surface exposed to contact.
d) Material is in contact with or in close proximity to uninsulated live parts 0.8 mm (1/32 inch) for nonarcing parts or 12.7 mm (1/2
inch) for arcing parts.
e) Material is in contact with or close proximity to uninsulated live parts [within 0.8 mm (1/32 inch)].
PERFORMANCE
11 General
11.1 The representative device selection shall be as specified in UL 489, except as modified by 11.7 of
this Outline. The performance shall be as specified in UL 489 except as modified by Sections 11 – 19 of
this Outline.
11.2 Representative devices shall be wired in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturer.
11.3 SSCB and SSHCB shall be investigated in accordance with UL 489, Supplements SF and SG.
11.4 SSCB and SSHCB rated for AC shall be additionally investigated for current-limiting functionality in
accordance with UL 489, Section 7.2.
11.5 SSCB and SSHCB provided with a “STANDBY” position shall not allow more than 0.5 mA leakage
current for AC ratings and 2.0 mA leakage current for DC ratings. The leakage current shall be measured
through the load side connection while in each “STANDBY” position. See Section 13 of this Outline. The
Leakage Current test shall be conducted:
a) In the X, Y, Z, and High Available Fault Current test sequences, following the initial 200%
Calibration and before the Dielectric Voltage-Withstand tests,
b) Following the Surge, Damp Heat, Dry Heat and Temperature Variation tests of UL 489,
Supplement SF, and
c) Following the tests specified in Section 17 of this Outline.
The leakage current test in the X-Sequence following the Temperature test shall be conducted within 5
minutes of the conclusion of the Temperature test.

10 UL 489I MARCH 14, 2022
11.6 SSCB and SSHCB shall maintain correct sequencing of isolating switch, semiconductor switch,
and, if applicable, paralleling switch when operated to the ON, OFF, STANDBY and TRIP positions. The
manufacturer shall provide a means to verify the sequence of operation. The sequencing shall be verified:
a) In the X, Y, Z, and High Available Fault Current test sequences, before the Dielectric Voltage-
Withstand tests,
Supplement SF,
c) As specified for the Abnormal Voltage Test in Section 14 of this Outline, and
d) Following the tests specified in Section 17 of this Outline.
11.7 Devices with separate means to operate the solid-state switch and airgap switch shall require two
sample sets for the X and Y sequences. The first sample set shall be operated during the Endurance and
Overload tests with the solid-state switching means. The second sample set shall be operated during the
Endurance and Overload tests with the airgap switching means.
11.8 The provision to lock a SSCB or SSHCB in the OFF position as specified in 6.4 shall be evaluated in
accordance with UL 489, Section 15.8.
12 Temperature Test
12.1 SSCB and SSHCB shall be subjected to the Temperature Test as specified in Section 7.1.1 and
7.1.4 of UL 489 except as noted in 12.2.
12.2 An additional untested sample shall be subjected to the Temperature Test in accordance with UL
508, Section 45 except that the maximum temperature allowed at field wiring terminals shall be in
accordance with UL 489, Section 7.1.4. Testing shall be conducted with the control circuits energized to
minimum rated control circuit voltage. Testing shall be conducted in a minimum volume enclosure, with the
device carrying current equal to 80% or 100% of the rated current, as applicable, based on the continuous
use rating.
13 Leakage Current Test
13.1 SSCB and SSHCB provided with a “STANDBY” position shall be subjected to the Leakage Current
test specified in 13.2 – 13.5.
13.2 The device shall be connected to a supply adjusted to the rated maximum voltage and placed into
“STANDBY” position.
13.3 The measurement instrument shall be connected to the load terminals of the device individually per
Figure 13.1.
13.4 The leakage current in each phase shall be measured. The leakage current shall also be measured
in a neutral pole that is switched.
13.5 The maximum leakage current measured shall not exceed 0.5 mA for AC ratings and 2.0 mA for DC
ratings.

MARCH 14, 2022 UL 489I 11
Figure 13.1
Leakage Test Connection Diagram
MA
su4417
14 Abnormal Voltage Test
14.1 One untested sample of the SSCB or SSHCB shall be connected to a variable supply source
adjusted to supply the maximum rated voltage.
14.2 The voltage of the variable supply source is to be reduced, at a rate of no more than 10% of the
maximum rated voltage per second, until the SSCB or SSHCB de-energizes the semiconductor switch,
transitions into “STANDBY”, “OFF” or “TRIPPED” position, or the voltage is reduced to 0 V, whichever
occurs first. The voltage is to be recorded. The recorded voltage shall be less than the minimum rated
voltage specified in 20.2 of this Outline.
14.3 The voltage is then increased, at a rate of no more than 10% of the maximum rated voltage per
second, until the device is able to be switched to the ON position or switches ON automatically, except that
a device which transitioned to the “OFF” or “TRIPPED” position in 14.2 shall not switch ON automatically.
The voltage is to be recorded. The measured voltage shall be less than the minimum voltage specified in
20.2 of this Outline.
14.4 The semiconductor switch shall be functional with the supply voltage adjusted to 100% of the
minimum rated voltage, 110% of the maximum rated voltage, and 5% above the voltage recorded in 14.2
of this Outline. The 200% calibration test shall be conducted to verify the functionality of the semiconductor
switch.
14.5 The device shall also be subjected to a verification of operating sequence as specified in 11.6 of this
Outline, with the supply voltage adjusted to 100% of the minimum rated voltage, 110% of the maximum
rated voltage, and 5% above the voltage recorded in 14.2 of this Outline.
14.6 If the device requires a separate control circuit supply that is independent from the line supply, 14.2
– 14.5 of this Outline shall be performed by adjusting the control circuit supply voltage instead of the line
supply voltage.
15 Dielectric Voltage-Withstand Test
15.1 SSCB and SSHCB shall be subjected to the Dielectric Voltage-Withstand test specified in 7.1.9 of
UL 489 except as noted in 15.2, at the voltages specified in 20.2 of this Outline.

12 UL 489I MARCH 14, 2022
15.2 Electronic circuit components that short-circuit the test potential may be isolated before the
opposite polarity Dielectric Voltage-Withstand tests are made. The method by which the samples are
modified shall be agreed upon by the manufacturer and certifier. Any modification shall be made after the
tests between line and load terminals with the breaker open, and between live parts and the overall
enclosure.
16 Breakdown of Components Test
16.1 Short- or open circuiting of capacitors, diodes, or other solid state components in the SSCB and
SSHCB shall result in:
a) No emission of flame or molten metal,
b) No ignition of cotton loosely placed over the front of the handle and all openings of ventilated
enclosures, and
c) No loss of protective function as specified in 16.7, or opening of the device if the function has
been negated as specified in 16.8.
d) No opening of the fuse specified in 16.5.
Exception: The test is not required:
a) If circuit analysis indicates that no other component or portion of the circuit will be overloaded as
a result of the assumed open circuiting or short circuiting of another component.
b) For components in Class 2 circuits.
c) For components in Limited Voltage/Current, Limited Energy Circuits involving open circuit
potentials less than or equal to 30 V ac or 42.4 V peak.
d) For components complying with requirements applicable to the component.
e) For components whose failure may result in an increased risk of fire or electric shock and that
have previously been investigated and found suitable for the application.
16.2 The breakdown of the component shall be performed after the device is fully energized and in the
most severe test position(s). If the most severe position(s) cannot be determined by circuit analysis, the
device shall be in the ON position. For a SSHCB, Breakdown of Component tests shall be made such that
both the semiconductor switches and parallel electromechanical switches are considered.
16.3 Components shall be evaluated one at a time.
16.4 The device shall be mounted within the smallest metal enclosure that will be used in actual service
as specified in UL 489.
16.5 The enclosure and any grounded or exposed dead-metal part are to be connected through a 30-
ampere fuse to the supply circuit pole least likely to arc to ground.
16.6 The device shall be tested on a circuit that is calibrated as described in UL 489, Annex C. The
available short circuit current of the test circuit shall be equal to or greater than the interrupting rating of the
device.
Exception: The available short-circuit current of the test circuit may be lower than the interrupting rating if
circuit analysis shows that the available short-circuit current has no greater impact on the results of the
breakdown of components testing than a lower available short-circuit current.
MARCH 14, 2022 UL 489I 13
16.7 Loss protective function shall be determined by conducting a 200% calibration test in accordance
with UL 489.
16.8 If the device is permanently switched to the “OFF”, “TRIPPED”, or “STANDBY” position and is
unable to be switched to another position, or transitions to one of these positions immediately upon reset,
the device is not required to be subjected to the 200% Calibration test as specified in 16.7.
17 Additional Environmental Stress Testing
17.1 The SSCB and SSHCB shall be subjected to each of the following tests in UL 991:
a) Composite Operational and Thermal Cycling tests, except the test duration shall be 3 days.
b) Vibration test.
Exception: If other standards are used as described in Table 9.1, tests evaluating similar conditions from
those standards shall be permitted as an alternative.
17.2 At the completion of each test the device shall be subjected to the 200% Calibration test, Leakage
Current Test, except as indicated in 17.3 and 17.4 of this Outline. The device shall also be subjected to a
verification of operating sequence as specified in 11.6 of this Outline.
17.3 If the device is permanently switched to the “OFF”, “TRIPPED”, or “STANDBY” position, or
transitions to one of these positions immediately upon reset, the device is not required to be subjected to
the 200% Calibration test.
17.4 If the device is permanently switched to the “OFF” or “TRIPPED” position, or transitions to one of
these positions immediately upon reset, the solid state molded-case circuit breaker is not required to be
subjected to the Leakage Current test.
18 Isolating Switch Capability Test
18.1 If the Failure-Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) shows a condition as specified in 9.1.7, the isolating
switch shall be subjected to the Overload test in UL 489, Section 7.1.3, with the following changes:
a) The sample shall be modified such that the isolating switch is making and breaking the current
without operating the solid-state switch.
b) Three making and breaking operations are required.
Exception: If the SSCB or SSHCB is designed such that the isolating switch contacts will not reclose if the
proper sequencing with the semiconductor switch or parallel switch has been negated, only a single
breaking operation is required.
19 SSHCB Paralleling Switch Capability Test
19.1 If the Failure-Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) for a SSHCB shows a condition as specified in
9.1.8, the integral paralleling switch shall be subjected to the Overload test in UL 489, Section 7.1.3, with
the following changes:
a) The sample shall be modified such that the paralleling switch is making and breaking the current
without operating the solid-state switch.
b) Three making and breaking operations are required.

14 UL 489I MARCH 14, 2022
Exception: If the SSHCB is designed such that the paralleling switch contacts will not reclose if the proper
sequencing with the semiconductor switch or isolating switch has been negated, only a single breaking
operation is required.
RATINGS
20 General
20.1 In addition to the requirements of Section 8 of UL 489, SSCB and SSHCB shall comply with 20.2 of
this Outline.
20.2 The SSCB and SSHCB shall be provided with a minimum and maximum rated voltage.
Exception: If the operation of a SSCB or SSHCB is dependent on a separate control circuit supply voltage
that is independent of the line supply voltage, the device shall be provided with a maximum rated voltage,
and a minimum and maximum rated control circuit supply voltage.
MARKING
21 General
21.1 SSCB and SSHCB shall be provided with the applicable required markings specified in Section 9 of
UL 489, except as modified by this Outline.
21.2 SSCB and SSHCB may use digital display technology to display adjustable settings. Location
Category B.
21.3 If a separate integral operator is provided for the semiconductor switch, it shall not be marked
“OPEN”, “OFF”, “TRIP” or “O” at or near this operator, and shall not be colored Red or Green. The
separate integral operator for the semiconductor switch may be marked “ON” to turn on the solid-state
switch and “STANDBY” to turn off the solid-state switch.
21.4 SSCB or SSHCB with a “STANDBY” position shall be marked: “Danger – To perform work on the
load side, the CB must be in OFF position. STANDBY is not OFF position” or equivalent. Location
Category A.
21.5 If the device is switched to the OFF or TRIPPED position when the voltage is reduced in
accordance with 14.2, the device shall be marked “This circuit breaker may OPEN automatically under
undervoltage conditions. Manual RESET is required” or equivalent. Location Category B.
21.6 SSCB and SSHCB as specified in 6.7 shall be marked “This circuit breaker does not disconnect
control, communication or instrument circuits powered from the primary supply”, or equivalent. Any
circuit(s) powered from the primary supply exiting the molded case shall be identified as part of this
marking. Location Category B. Additionally, the installation instructions shall describe means by which the
auxiliary, control or communication circuit may be de-energized (i.e. external switch). Location Category J.
21.7 SSCB and SSHCB shall be marked with minimum and maximum voltage rating or control circuit
supply voltage rating, as applicable in accordance with 20.2. Location Category B.
21.8 The OFF/OPEN position indicator shall have a green background with the word “OPEN” or “OFF” in
contrasting letters. Location Category A.

MARCH 14, 2022 UL 489I 15
21.9 For a device provided with an OFF/OPEN button in place of a handle, the button shall have a red
background with the word “OPEN” in contrasting letters on or adjacent to the button. Location Category A.
SOLID STATE MOLDED-CASE SWITCH (SSMCS) AND SOLID STATE HYBRID MOLDED-CASE
CIRCUIT BREAKER (SSHMCS)
CONSTRUCTION
22 General
22.1 The construction of a SSMCS and SSHMCS shall comply with the requirements of Section 10 of UL
489, and as modified by Sections 6 – 10 of this Outline.
PERFORMANCE
23 General
23.1 SSMCS and SSHMCS shall comply with the general performance requirements as specified in
Section 11 of UL 489 except as modified by Sections 23 – 31 of this Outline.
23.2 Representative devices shall be wired in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturer.
23.3 SSMCS and SSHMCS shall be investigated in accordance with UL 489, Supplements SF and SG.
Where the performance criterion requires the device to be subject to 2.0 times the current setting, the
device performance shall instead be verified by manually operating it from the ON to the OFF position.
23.4 SSMCS and SSHMCS provided with a “STANDBY” position shall not allow more than 0.5 mA
leakage current for AC ratings and 2.0 mA leakage current for DC ratings. The leakage current shall be
measured through the load side connection while in each “STANDBY” position. See Section 25 of this
Outline. The Leakage Current test shall be conducted:
a) Following the Temperature, Endurance, Short-Circuit Withstand and Closing, and the Contact
Opening tests,
Supplement SF, and
c) Following the tests specified in Section 29 of this Outline.
The leakage current test following the Temperature test shall be conducted within 5 minutes of the
conclusion of the Temperature test.
23.5 SSMCS and SSHMCS shall maintain correct sequencing of isolating switch, semiconductor switch,
and, if applicable, paralleling switch when operated to the ON, OFF and STANDBY positions. The
manufacturer shall provide a means to verify the sequence of operation. The sequencing shall be verified:
a) Following the Endurance, Short Circuit Withstand and Closing, and Contact Opening tests,
Supplement SF,
c) As specified for the Abnormal Voltage Test in Section 26 of this Outline, and
d) Following the tests specified in Section 29 of this Outline.

16 UL 489I MARCH 14, 2022
23.6 Devices with separate means to operate the solid-state switch and airgap switch shall require two
sample sets for the Overload and Endurance tests. The first sample set shall be operated during the
Endurance and Overload tests with the solid-state switching means. The second sample set shall be
operated during the Endurance and Overload tests with the airgap switching means.
23.7 The provision to lock a SSMCS or SSHMCS in the OFF position as specified in 6.4 shall be
evaluated in accordance with UL 489, Section 15.8.
23.8 For a SSMCS or SSHMCS that is identical in ratings and construction to a SSCB or SSHCB
respectively, that complies with the requirements of this Outline, and in which the overcurrent function is
either omitted or made inactive, only the Overload, Endurance and Dielectric Voltage-Withstand
sequence, Short-Circuit Withstand and Closing, and Contact Opening tests are required. Additionally,
following these tests the Leakage Current tests and verification of operating sequence specified in 23.4
and 23.5 shall be conducted as applicable.
Exception: The tests specified in 23.8 may be waived if the switch is marked per UL 489 for the equivalent
SSCB or SSHCB as the required line side overcurrent protection.
23.9 For a SSMCS or SSHMCS that is identical in ratings and construction to a SSCB or SSHCB
respectively, that complies with the requirements of this Outline, and in which the overcurrent function is
either omitted or made inactive, except for the instantaneous function, only the Overload, Endurance and
Dielectric Voltage-Withstand sequence, and Contact Opening tests are required. Additionally, following
these tests the Leakage Current tests and verification of operating sequence specified in 23.4 and 23.5
shall be conducted as applicable.
Exception: The tests specified in 23.9 may be waived if the switch is marked per UL 489 for the equivalent
SSCB or SSHCB as the required line side overcurrent protection.
24 Temperature Test
24.1 SSMCS and SSHMCS shall be subjected to the Temperature Test as specified in Section 11.1.2 of
UL 489 except as noted in 24.2.
24.2 An additional untested sample shall be subjected to the Temperature Test in accordance with UL
508, Section 45 except that the maximum temperature allowed at field wiring terminals shall be in
accordance with UL 489, Section 11.1.2. Testing shall be conducted with the control circuits energized to
minimum rated control circuit voltage. Testing shall be conducted in a minimum volume enclosure, with the
device carrying current equal to 100% of the rated current, as applicable, based on the continuous use
rating.
25 Leakage Current Test
25.1 SSMCS and SSHMCS provided with a “STANDBY” position shall be subjected to the Leakage
Current test Section 13 of this Outline.
26 Abnormal Voltage Test
26.1 SSMCS and SSHMCS shall be subjected to the Abnormal Voltage test Section 14 of this Outline,
except that instead of the 200% calibration test, the device shall be operated to the ON, OFF and
STANDBY position and the sequence of operation shall be verified as per 23.5.

MARCH 14, 2022 UL 489I 17
27 Dielectric Voltage-Withstand Test
27.1 SSMCS and SSHMCS shall be subjected to the Dielectric Voltage-Withstand test specified in 11.1.5
of UL 489 except as modified in Section 15 of this Outline.
28 Breakdown of Components Test
28.1 SSMCS and SSHMCS shall be subjected to the Breakdown of Components test Section 16 of this
Outline, except that instead of the 200% calibration test, the device shall be operated to the ON, OFF and
STANDBY position and the sequence of operation shall be verified as per 23.5.
29 Additional Environmental Stress Testing
29.1 The SSMCS and SSHMCS shall be subjected to each of the tests in Section 17, except that instead
of the 200% calibration test, the device shall be operated to the ON, OFF and STANDBY position and the
sequence of operation shall be verified as per 23.5.
30 Isolating Switch Capability Test
30.1 If the Failure-Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) shows a condition as specified in 9.1.7, the SSMCS
and SSHMCS shall be subjected to the Isolating Switch Capability test in Section 18 of this Outline.
31 SSHCS Paralleling Switch Capability Test
31.1 If the Failure-Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) shows a condition as specified in 9.1.8, the
SSHMCS shall be subjected to the SSHCB Paralleling Switch Capability test in Section 19 of this Outline.
RATINGS
32 General
32.1 In addition to the requirements of Section 12 of UL 489, SSMCS and SSHMCS shall comply with
20.2 of this Outline.
MARKING
33 General
33.1 SSMCS and SSHMCS shall be provided with the applicable required markings specified in Section
13 of UL 489, except as modified by this Outline.
33.2 If a separate integral operator is provided for the semiconductor switch, it shall not be marked
“OPEN”, “OFF”, “TRIP” or “O” at or near this operator, and shall not be colored Red or Green. The
separate integral operator for the semiconductor switch may be marked “ON” to turn on the solid-state
switch and “STANDBY” to turn off the solid-state switch.
33.3 SSMCS or SSHMCS with a “STANDBY” position shall be marked: “Danger – To perform work on
the load side, the switch must be in OFF position. STANDBY is not OFF position” or equivalent. Location
Category A.
33.4 If the device is switched to the OFF position when the voltage is reduced in accordance with 14.2,
the device shall be marked “This switch may OPEN automatically under undervoltage conditions. Manual
RESET is required” or equivalent. Location Category B.
18 UL 489I MARCH 14, 2022
33.5 SSMCS and SSHMCS as specified in 6.7 shall be marked “This switch does not disconnect control,
communication or instrument circuits powered from the primary supply”, or equivalent. Any circuit(s)
powered from the primary supply exiting the molded case shall be identified as part of this marking.
Location Category B. Additionally, the installation instructions shall describe means by which the auxiliary,
control or communication circuit may be de-energized (i.e. external switch). Location Category J.
33.6 SSMCS and SSHMCS shall be marked with minimum and maximum voltage rating or control circuit
supply voltage rating, as applicable in accordance with 20.2. Location Category B.
33.7 The OFF/OPEN position indicator shall have a green background with the word “OPEN” or “OFF” in
contrasting letters. Location Category A.
33.8 For a device provided with an OFF/OPEN button in place of a handle, the button shall have a red
background with the word “OPEN” in contrasting letters on or adjacent to the button. Location Category A.


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March 14, 2022

Outline of Investigation for Solid State Molded-Case Circuit Breakers

• Addition of Solid State Hybrid Molded-Case Circuit Breakers

COPYRIGHT © 2022 UL LLC

UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER

No Text on This Page

UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER

ALL DEVICES ...................................................................................................................................5

UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER

UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER

2.2 A component is not required to comply with a specific requirement that:

b) Is superseded by a requirement in this Outline.

2.4 Specific components are incomplete in construction features or restricted in performance

UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER

6.5 SSCB and SSHCB may be provided with a “STANDBY” position.

8 Adjustable SSCB and SSHCB

a) No loss of functionality described in 9.2.1(a), or

UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER

9.2 Conditions to be addressed

9.2.1 A functional safety evaluation shall address the following:

a) Functionality of the product.

1) Semiconductor switching under nonautomatic and automatic operation.

2) Correct sequencing of isolating switch, semiconductor switch, and, if applicable,

b) Single point failure of components.

c) Loss of line or control power.

10 Electrical Insulation Material

UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER

Flammability rating of material

c) Following the tests specified in Section 17 of this Outline.

UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER

13 Leakage Current Test

UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER

14 Abnormal Voltage Test

15 Dielectric Voltage-Withstand Test

UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER

16 Breakdown of Components Test

d) No opening of the fuse specified in 16.5.

Exception: The test is not required:

b) For components in Class 2 circuits.

d) For components complying with requirements applicable to the component.

16.3 Components shall be evaluated one at a time.

17 Additional Environmental Stress Testing

18 Isolating Switch Capability Test

b) Three making and breaking operations are required.

19 SSHCB Paralleling Switch Capability Test

b) Three making and breaking operations are required.

UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER

UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER

c) Following the tests specified in Section 29 of this Outline.

d) Following the tests specified in Section 29 of this Outline.

UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER

25 Leakage Current Test

26 Abnormal Voltage Test

UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER

27 Dielectric Voltage-Withstand Test

28 Breakdown of Components Test

30 Isolating Switch Capability Test

31 SSHCS Paralleling Switch Capability Test