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UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

FACULTY OF PLANTATION AND AGROTECHNOLOGY

MGT400

INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT

GROUP PROJECT REPORT

TITLE :
CHALLENGES IN MANAGING A COMPANY WITH RAPIDLY CHANGING
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT

Prepared by:

No. Name No. Matrics

1. MUHAMMAD NUR FITRI BIN KAMAROZAMAN 2023395949

2. MUHAMAD ILLAHI BIN NORULDIN 2024783339

3. KAMAL AL-HADI BIN KAMAL BAHARIN 2024553809

4. SITI NUR AQILAH BINTI SHAMRI 2024788771

5. NUR AIN SABRINA BINTI AYUB 2023820114

6. MUHAMMAD HAIKAL BIN RAMLI 2024783583

Prepared for:
Madam Radziatul Shima binti Mohd Shah

Date of Submission:
13/05/2024
1
 TABLE OF CONTENT

NO. CONTENTS PAGES

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background Company 2
1.2 Organizational Chart 3
1.3 Challenges in Managing a BMW Company with
Rapidly Changing Technology Development 4
2. CONTENT
2.1 Technological Implementation 10 - 13
2.2 Changes or Development 13 - 15
- Positive Impacts 15 - 16
- Negative Impacts 16 - 17
3. CONCLUSION 18
RECOMMENDATION 18
4. REFERENCES 19 - 20
5. APPENDICES 21 - 29

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 1. Introduction
1.1 Background Company

BMW's story starts with the roar of aeroplane engines, not the purr of luxury cars. In
1916, Bayerische Flugzeug-Werke AG (BFW) emerged to build aircraft engines for World War
I. Though short-lived, BFW laid the groundwork. Meanwhile, another player, Rapp
Motorenwerke, focused on similar wartime production. Interestingly, the iconic blue and white
quadrants of the BMW logo have their roots in Rapp's design. Following Germany's defeat, the
Treaty of Versailles hampered aircraft production for both companies. In 1918, Rapp became
Bayerische Motoren Werke GmbH (BMW), but it wasn't until 1922 that BFW officially merged
with BMW, transferring its engine operations and name. March 7, 1916, BFW's founding date,
marks BMW's official birth.
Post-war limitations forced diversification. Motorcycles became BMW's new focus. In
1923, the iconic R 32 motorcycle roared to life, achieving success and solidifying BMW's
reputation for innovation on two wheels. By 1928, BMW was ready for four wheels. The Dixi, a
small car based on the Austin Seven, marked their entry into the automobile market. Over the
next few years, BMW established itself as a manufacturer of reliable and sporty vehicles. World
War II, however, saw a return to aircraft engine production. After the war's devastation, BMW's
factories were severely damaged. Yet, the company persevered.
In 1948, the Isetta, a microcar, helped with post-war mobility. Gradually, BMW
transitioned back to luxurious vehicles. The success of the 1960s New Class sedans, particularly
the 2002, cemented their reputation for high-performance luxury cars. Since then, BMW has
continued to innovate and expand, becoming a leader in electric vehicles and autonomous
driving technologies. Their journey is a testament to adaptation and a commitment to engineering
excellence.

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1.2 Organizational Chart

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1.3 Challenges In Managing A Company With Rapidly Changing Technology
Development

Technological innovation and product development

Staying ahead of the technological curve is perhaps the most critical challenge BMW
faces. The industry is witnessing a surge in electric vehicles (EVs), autonomous driving
technologies, advancements in connectivity, and a growing emphasis on digitalization. To keep
pace with these developments, BMW must prioritise investment in research and development
(R&D). This translates to significant resources being funnelled towards:

EV technologies: Enhancing battery technology is key. Extending range, reducing charging

times, and improving battery life through innovations in materials and design are crucial for EVs
to compete with traditional gasoline-powered vehicles. BMW's efforts may involve exploring
solid-state battery technology, which promises faster charging times and potentially higher
energy density. Additionally, developing efficient and scalable charging infrastructure in
collaboration with governments and utility companies is vital for widespread EV adoption.

Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS): Integrating sophisticated ADAS features is

essential. These can include automated emergency braking, lane departure warning, and adaptive
cruise control, contributing to enhanced safety and potentially paving the way for fully
autonomous vehicles in the future. However, BMW must strike a balance between automation
and the joy of driving that is central to its brand identity. Implementing driver-selectable modes
that allow for varying degrees of automation could be a way to cater to both tech-savvy
customers and those who still value a more hands-on driving experience.

Connected car features: Developing cutting-edge connectivity features is vital. Imagine vehicles
that seamlessly integrate with smartphones, provide real-time traffic updates and personalized
navigation, offer a variety of in-car entertainment options, and can even self-diagnose potential
issues. This requires expertise in areas like an artificial intelligence, big data analytics, and
cybersecurity to ensure a seamless and secure user experience. Additionally, BMW needs to
consider offering tiered subscription models for connected car services, allowing customers to
choose the level of connectivity that best suits their needs and budget.

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6
Regulatory compliance and standards

As technology evolves, so do the regulations that govern the automotive industry.

Stringent regulations concerning emissions, safety, cybersecurity, and data privacy are constantly
evolving globally. BMW must be adept at navigating this complex regulatory landscape across
different geographies.

Emission reduction: Meeting or exceeding emission standards remains a crucial challenge. This
necessitates ongoing advancements in engine technology for internal combustion vehicles,
exploring alternative fuel options like hydrogen fuel cells for a cleaner future, and potentially
developing hybrid powertrains that combine the benefits of electric and gasoline engines.

Cybersecurity measures: As vehicles become more connected, cybersecurity threats pose a

significant concern. Developing robust cybersecurity solutions to protect against hacking and
safeguard sensitive data, such as driver information and vehicle diagnostics, is essential. This
might involve implementing secure communication protocols, encrypting sensitive data, and
regularly conducting security audits to identify and address potential vulnerabilities.

Data protection compliance: Data privacy regulations are becoming ever stricter. BMW needs to
ensure that it collects, processes, and stores customer data responsibly and in compliance with
these regulations. This means obtaining explicit consent from users before collecting data,
clearly outlining how the data will be used, and providing customers with the ability to access
and delete their data upon request. By prioritizing data privacy, BMW can build trust with
customers and avoid potential regulatory sanctions.

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Supply chain and manufacturing challenges

Rapid technological advancements have a ripple effect, impacting not just the finished
product but also the entire supply chain and manufacturing process. For BMW to stay ahead of
the curve, ensuring a seamless integration of new technologies into its production lines is crucial.

The concept of Industry 4.0, characterized by automation, robotics, and real-time data
exchange, is no longer a futuristic vision but a present necessity. By employing smart factories,
BMW can optimize production efficiency and quality control. Imagine production lines where
robots handle repetitive tasks with precision, while data analytics allow for real-time monitoring
of processes and identification of potential bottlenecks. Integrating connected devices and
sensors throughout the manufacturing ecosystem can provide valuable insights, allowing for
predictive maintenance and proactive adjustments to optimize production.

Managing relationships with suppliers takes on new meaning in this dynamic

environment. Collaboration with a diverse network of innovative suppliers is critical. BMW
needs to partner with companies actively investing in R&D for materials, components, and
technologies that align with its strategic goals. Open communication and joint development
efforts will foster a collaborative environment, fostering innovation and accelerating the
integration of new technologies into production lines. Additionally, the rise of regional variations
in regulations and consumer preferences might necessitate working with a wider network of
geographically diverse suppliers. This requires robust communication and coordination across
the entire supply chain network.

As environmental consciousness rises, BMW cannot ignore the sustainability

implications of its supply chain. Integrating sustainable practices throughout the process, from
material sourcing to manufacturing, is paramount. This could involve collaborating with
suppliers who utilize recycled materials, implement energy-efficient production processes, and
adhere to ethical labour practices. By prioritizing sustainability, BMW not only aligns itself with
evolving consumer expectations but also mitigates potential reputational risks associated with
unethical sourcing practices.

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Talent acquisition and skills development

The rapid evolution of technology in the automotive industry demands a skilled

workforce with an entirely new set of expertise. Gone are the days when traditional mechanical
engineering knowledge sufficed. To maintain its competitive edge, BMW needs to attract, retain,
and develop talent with skills in areas such as:

Connected cars and autonomous driving technologies heavily rely on software. Expertise
in areas like coding, software architecture, and cybersecurity is becoming increasingly important.
Data analytics plays a crucial role in extracting insights from the vast amount of data generated
by connected vehicles. This data can be used for personalized customer experiences, predictive
maintenance, and optimizing product development.

Integrating AI and machine learning into vehicles requires a workforce comfortable

working with these technologies. From implementing AI-powered driver assistance features to
personalizing in-car experiences, expertise in this area is key to future innovation. Also, the way
customers interact with car brands is changing. BMW needs talent adept at creating engaging
digital experiences through targeted marketing campaigns, social media engagement, and
interactive online platforms.

BMW also needs to invest in employee training to upskill and reskilling existing
employees is crucial. Offering continuous training programs in relevant technologies can
empower current staff to adapt to the changing landscape. Next, cultivating a company culture
that values continuous learning and skill development attracts talent and encourages employees
to keep their skillsets relevant. This could involve offering internal learning platforms, mentoring
programs, and opportunities to attend relevant conferences and workshops.

In a competitive talent market, BMW needs to position itself as an attractive employer.

This can be achieved by highlighting its commitment to innovation, its focus on sustainability,
and its track record of employee development. Additionally, offering competitive salaries,
benefits packages, and a positive work environment can make BMW stand out from the
competition.

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Customer expectations and experience

In the age of rapid technological advancements, the automotive industry isn't the only one
undergoing a metamorphosis. Customer expectations are also shifting dramatically. For a
company like BMW, renowned for its luxury vehicles and established brand identity, keeping
pace with these evolving desires presents a significant challenge. Here's how BMW can navigate
this dynamic landscape and continue to provide exceptional customer experiences:

The first step is understanding the evolving customer. Today's consumers are
increasingly tech-savvy and expect a seamless integration of technology into their car ownership
experience. This includes features like smartphone connectivity, real-time traffic updates,
personalized navigation, and in-car entertainment options. They may also value the ability to
remotely access vehicle information, schedule service appointments, and even initiate self-
diagnostics. BMW must prioritise research into customer preferences and leverage data analytics
to gain insights into these evolving expectations.

The focus is shifting from a one-size-fits-all approach to personalization. Customers are

looking for experiences tailored to their individual needs and preferences. BMW can achieve this
by offering customizable driving modes, personalized in-car entertainment options based on user
profiles, and subscription-based services for connected car features. Imagine a customer who
prioritizes performance receiving driving suggestions for scenic routes, while another who values
comfort can have their preferred climate settings pre-loaded.

A seamless digital experience goes beyond just in-car technology. BMW needs to ensure
a smooth user journey across all touchpoints, whether it's browsing online configurations,
scheduling test drives through a mobile app, or interacting with customer service via a chatbot.
Implementing a unified digital ecosystem that integrates seamlessly across platforms will be
crucial. This can include features like online scheduling for service appointments, real-time
tracking of vehicle repairs, and personalized recommendations for maintenance needs.

Besides that building trust with customers is paramount in the digital age. BMW needs to
be transparent about data collection practices, clearly outlining how customer data is used and
ensuring robust cybersecurity measures are in place. Providing customers with control over their

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data and allowing them to easily access and delete information upon request fosters trust and
loyalty.

While technological advancements are exciting, staying ahead of the curve is only
meaningful if it translates to real benefits for consumers. BMW's innovations should be
customer-centric, addressing their pain points and enhancing their driving experience. For
example, imagine a new feature that utilizes real-time traffic data and AI to suggest alternate
routes or automatically adjust driving profiles to optimize fuel efficiency.

Actively soliciting and analyzing customer feedback is vital. BMW can utilize surveys,
online forums, and social media platforms to gather insights into customer experiences. By
actively listening to customer feedback, the company can identify areas for improvement and
prioritize development efforts that address real-world issues.

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 2. Content (Technological Implementation, Changes or Development)

2.1 Technological Implementation

The fast-charging, long-range battery

BMW has revealed the development of a new electric car battery. The new battery has an
amazing mix of enhanced fast-charging ability, extended lifespan, and greater energy density,
which could make the quick switch to electromobility even more desirable. With up to 1,200
watt-hours per litre, the new battery from BMW is one of its best features. Electric automobiles
will be able to go farther between charges because of their increased energy density, which will
enhance driving and lessen the frequency of stops for refuelling. Furthermore, it is possible to
quickly recharge these newly developed batteries, utilizing solid-state technology. Owners of
electric cars have considerably more flexibility and comfort with their vehicles because they can
charge up to 100 km in just 10 minutes. Range anxiety ought to be eliminated as a result of this.
The new BMW battery is expected to have a longer service life than traditional lithium-ion
batteries in addition to having a higher energy density and faster charging speed. This will help
to reduce the depreciation of electric vehicles and boost their long-term profitability.
Electricity is the only source of power for BMW eDrive electric cars. The vehicle can
operate without a combustion engine and doesn't require fossil fuels to go forward, thanks to the
all-electric drive system. As a result, when driven in actual driving mode, BMW electric cars
emit no local emissions.. One can charge from a standard outlet, wallboxes, or public charging
stations. For the BMW cars with hybrid drive, also referred to as plug-in hybrids, are powered by
both an electric motor and a combustion engine. Using state-of-the-art lithium-ion high-
performance batteries, this combination produces more power as well as a longer range. The
battery can be recharged using standard outlets and charging stations, or brake energy
regeneration can be used instead. Recuperation is the process by which the vehicle's kinetic
energy is transformed back into electrical energy when it is braking and then delivered to the
battery. As an example of the product, the BMW i7 has more than 440kW of output, brings
power onto the road and is able to travel 615 km of electric range to its destination. It consumes

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low power, which is 19.7–18.9 kW/100 km, through technologies such as recuperation during
braking.

Sustainability Initiative
Compared to an automobile with a combustion engine, an electric vehicle has cheaper
continuing maintenance costs. Service expenses are reduced because some parts, such as spark
plugs, oil filters, and exhaust systems are not prone to wear. It is BMW’s efforts in recycling and
circular economy practices. The new technology brings a practical, silent, and emission-free.
This implies that drivers can simultaneously set an example for ecologically conscious mobility
and lower carbon emissions with low noise levels.

Autonomous Driving Technologies

Autonomous driving technology have advanced to the point where drivers can drive with
complete safety. These advancements are categorized into different levels:
Level 0 : no automation
Level 1 and 2 : driver assistance systems
Level 3 : conditional driving automation
Level 4 : semi-autonomous systems
Level 5 : full driving automation

One example is Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB), which makes use of sensors to detect
obstacles and adapt to the surroundings:
 Lane keeping system : To assist drivers in maintaining their lane, a camera tracks the lines
on the road.
 Lane departure warning system : In blind spot area, cameras identify electric vehicles.
 Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) : A radar to stay a safe distance behind the leading car

Digital dashboards and touch screens

Larger and more features like voice control, Wi-Fi connectivity, and satellite navigation
are available on touchscreens. Consequently, they have faster access to information. Faster
response times and greater resolutions than previously are also to blame for this. With ever-

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more-intuitive interfaces that make it simpler for newcomers to access the newest advancements,
manufacturers have properly responded to the demands of the market. In order to allow drivers to
focus entirely on the road, menus and controls have never been simpler to use.

 Braking energy regeneration

It increases the range of the electric car by allowing it to recover energy during braking. It
gains from more seamless braking as well.
 Advanced driver assistance
The goal of advanced assistance is to prevent accidents by providing active safety, comfort,
and convenience for the driver. These consist of aided navigation systems, automated
parking systems, and systems that prevent head-on collisions.

Innovative aerodynamic designs

BMW uses extremely stiff and light materials to reduce fuel consumption while
improving driving dynamics and performance. Examples of these materials include carbon in the
passenger cell of the BMW i3, aluminium in the chassis, high-strength steel in the body, and
ultramodern magnesium alloys in the engine. Because of its exceptional strength, the material
provides the best potential protection against accidents, but it is also lightweight enough to
further improve dynamics by offsetting the weight gain from the high-voltage battery. There are
a lot of new design breakthroughs emerging such that the design is more refined to minimise
drag from the air and the addition of moving components to enhance aerodynamics, like active
fins.
Other than that, the term drag coefficient refers to the degree to which specific
aerodynamic measures, such as the air breather behind the front wheel arches or the air curtain in
the front apron, enable the car to move through the air more easily. Its reduced proportions and
improved underbody are two further aerodynamic advantages. The aerodynamics of BMW are
improved by the appropriate guidance provided by streamlined and weight-optimised wheels
with inserts that channel air down the sides of the car. The Active Air Stream kidney grille
automatically opens the air vents when it detects that the engine, brakes, or other components
need air. It closes them again if there's no need for more air intake. This results in decreased fuel
consumption due to improved aerodynamics.

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Intelligent lighting
The newest advancements in intelligent lighting combine safety, visibility, and aesthetics
to fulfil functions like adapting to changing driving conditions and vehicle direction, following
the movement of the steering wheel, providing a range of more than 600 metres, having excellent
visibility, and using little energy.

Connectivity and Digitalization

On-board connection is still evolving in electric vehicles, despite being well-established
in combustion-powered cars for a number of years. It's getting easier and easier to integrate
smartphones. It's becoming common to find new features like voice assistant integration and
wireless charging.
Automakers are infusing connectivity systems with increasingly specialised capabilities,
in addition to the amenities standard on all new electric vehicles. Driver personalisation, energy
management, and autonomous driving are made possible by artificial intelligence. New
developments both now and in the future comprise display projection, wireless charging, voice
assistant interoperability, synthetic intelligence-based navigation, online music streaming
services, voice control for many car operations,Wi-Fi 6 and 5G.

2.2 Changes or Developments

1. Powertrain Technology:
 Older BMW vehicles typically use an internal combustion engine that runs on gasoline or
diesel. These engines burn fuel to produce power, which is then transmitted to the wheels
through a transmission system.
 BMW electric cars like the i3 and iX3 use electric motors powered by rechargeable batteries.
These vehicles do not have a conventional internal combustion engine; instead, they use
electricity to power the wheels.

2. Fuel Source:
 (Internal Combustion Engines) ICE vehicles use gasoline or diesel as their primary fuel.
These fuels are stored in the fuel tank and burned in the engine for power.

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 Electric cars use electricity stored in rechargeable batteries as a power source. The batteries
are charged by connecting the vehicle to a charging station or socket, or in some cases by
regenerative braking, where the kinetic energy of braking is converted into electrical energy
and stored in the batteries.

3. Performance and Driving:

 ICE vehicles often has a more familiar driving experience for many people, including
features such as engine noise, gear change sound and exhaust sounds.
 Electric cars offer instant torque for quick acceleration and a smooth, quiet drive. They also
often have lower maintenance requirements compared to ICE vehicles because they have
fewer moving parts and do not require oil changes or regular tune-ups.

4. Environmental effects:
 ICE vehicles emit greenhouse gases and pollutants such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides
and particulate matter during operation.
 Electric cars emit no emissions while driving, which reduces air pollution and contributes to
overall carbon dioxide emissions, especially when charged with renewable energy sources.

5. Infrastructure and Scope:

 ICE vehicles can be refuelled at regular and easily accessible gas stations.
 Electric cars require charging points to charge and the availability of charging infrastructure
can vary from place to place. However, that infrastructure is rapidly expanding, and many
EVs now offer a competitive line up that meets most drivers' daily driving needs and
beyond.

BMW Group's 2013 i3 model launch marked the start of the company's transition to more
environmentally friendly transportation. After ten years, the business has seen a major change in
direction as well as an increase in the use of EVs. For the entire year 2023, the BMW Group is
expected to have a modest increase in sales. In 2023, completely electric cars and high-end
luxury models such as the new BMW i7, new BMW 7 Series, new BMW XM, and updated
BMW X7 will be the primary growth drivers. Following in BMW's series of electrification

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initiatives is the introduction of the BMW i5, an additional completely electric vehicle model
that will be offered for sale in all major automotive markets. BMW predicts that the introduction
of the i5 will lead to further rise in EV sales, in line with the increasing demand for its electrified
cars. Sales growth for its luxury automobile brand Rolls Royce has been constant at 1% over the
last few months, despite the brand's output being very different from that of its sister premium
brands. The Rolls Royce Spectre, the company's first-ever fully electric luxury vehicle, has been
delivered to a select few customers, marking another significant step forward in the brand's
electrification journey.

Positive Impact
❖ Industry
BMW has surpassed a million electrified vehicles on the road by 2022,
demonstrating their dedication to a sustainable future. Their diverse lineup includes the
innovative i3 and plug-in hybrid versions of popular models, catering to a range of driver
needs. This commitment goes beyond the car itself. BMW actively reduces its
environmental impact throughout the vehicle lifecycle. Their efforts in 2022 resulted in a
2.8% decrease in energy consumption, achieved through initiatives like implementing
energy-efficient LED lighting across their plants. These actions solidify BMW's position
as a leader in sustainable transportation and a key player in shaping the future of electric
mobility.

❖ Environment
Electric vehicles (EVs) are revolutionizing urban transportation, offering a
powerful solution for cleaner and more livable cities. Their silent operation dramatically
reduces noise pollution, creating a calmer and more peaceful environment for residents.
But the benefits go beyond tranquility. EVs are also a game-changer for air quality,
significantly slashing emissions that contribute to respiratory problems and smog. This
translates into a healthier environment for everyone, especially in densely populated
urban areas. By choosing EVs, we can become active participants in reducing our
environmental impact and fostering a more sustainable transportation future. Wider

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 adoption of EVs, supported by education and awareness programs, holds the key to
creating greener, quieter, and healthier cities for all.
❖ Customers
Your electric car may be easily and conveniently charged from the comfort of
your home with a personal wallbox. Your EV only has to be plugged in for the night to
wake up with a fully charged battery and be ready to go on your regular travels.
Numerous benefits result from using this method, including time savings from avoiding
the need to frequently visit public charging stations and constant, dependable charging of
your electric vehicle. By making charging electric vehicles accessible and hassle-free,
this seamless integration of charging infrastructure into your daily life not only improves
convenience but also promotes the adoption of electric vehicles.

Negative Impact
❖ Environment
Battery Production and Disposal: The production of EV batteries involves the extraction and
processing of raw materials, including lithium, cobalt, and nickel, which can have environmental
consequences such as habitat destruction, water pollution, and carbon emissions. Additionally,
the disposal of EV batteries at the end of their life cycle presents challenges related to recycling
and waste management, as battery recycling processes can be energy-intensive and may result in
the release of toxic substances if not handled properly.
Increased Electricity Demand: The widespread adoption of EVs could potentially strain existing
electricity grids, especially during peak charging times, leading to increased demand for
electricity generation and distribution infrastructure. If not managed effectively, this could result
in higher energy consumption and associated environmental impacts, particularly if additional
electricity generation relies on fossil fuels.
❖ Customers
While battery technology is constantly advancing, this is currently the reality. Electric
cars with the greatest performance now offer ranges exceeding 300 miles on a single charge.
However, many electric cars only have a maximum range of 150 miles or less on a single charge,
making them ideal for urban driving and short trips rather than long-distance commutes. To refill

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the batteries, they must be charged for a minimum of 30 minutes at a specific high voltage
charging station, similar to those found at highway rest areas. When you consider how quickly
you can fill up a petrol or diesel car compared to the long distances newer cars can now travel
without refueling, it's clear that fossil fuels still hold a significant edge in this aspect.

Adding to these concerns is "range anxiety" - the fear of running out of battery before
reaching a charging station. This is a valid concern due to the limited number of stations
compared to gas stations. Malaysia faces an even starker reality, with only 1,000 stations built so
far, far short of the 10,000 targeted by 2025. These limitations make long-distance travel in EVs
less convenient for now.

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3. Conclusion and Recommendation

In conclusion , the diffusion of Electric Vehicles across the world represents a significant
shift towards sustainable transportation and a greener future. As countries and industries embrace
the benefits of EV technology, we are witnessing a rapid evolution in the automotive sector that
prioritize environmental conservation and energy efficiency. The increasing adoption of EVs not
only driven by technological advancement but also by a growing awareness of the need to reduce
carbon emissions and consumers are recognizing the importance of transitioning towards cleaner
transportation options, and EVs are at the forefront of this transition. While challenges such as
range anxiety, cost, and charging infrastructure remain, the momentum behind EVs in
undeniable. With ongoing research and innovation, coupled with supportive policies and
inventives, the future of electric mobility looks promising.In conclusion, the diffusion of EVs in
the world not just trend but a transformative movement towards a cleaner ,more sustainable
transportation ecosystem. By embracing EV technology and investing in its growth, we can pave
the way for more environmentally friendly and energy efficient future for generation come.

Recommendation:
Electric vehicles (EVs) are at the forefront of sustainable transportation solutions,
offering numerous benefits for the environment and society. While significant progress has been
made in promoting EV adoption, there are still challenges that need to be addressed in this article
into recommendations to further enhance the adoption and integration of electric vehicles into
our daily lives.
Investing in research and development for advanced battery technologies,charging
infrastructure and vehicle to grid integration is crucial for the continued growth of the electric
vehicle industry. Funding innovative projects can drive technological advancements and improve
the performance and efficiency of EVs.
The implementation of a model project are very effective for assess the feasibility and
impact of EV introduction and to implement capacity the building mentioned above. Model
projects can allow to collect information needed for full EV development and to strengthen the
implementation capacity of related agencies. It is advisable to use support from developed
countries to implement the model project.

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4. References
● The Star Online. (2023, June 13). Country still lacking in EV charging stations, says

ministry. The Star. https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2023/06/13/country-still-

lacking-in-ev-charging-stations-says-ministry#:~:text=CYBERJAYA%3A%20Malaysia

%20stills%20lack%20Electric,to%20our%20market%20and%20country.

● Idris Nagri. (2024, January 16). BMW’s CFO announces a “tipping point” in the

company’s transition to electric vehicles - The CFO. The CFO.

https://the-cfo.io/2024/01/16/bmws-cfo-announces-a-tipping-point-in-the-companys-

transition-to-electric-vehicles/

● BMW Group Electromobility. (2023). Bmwgroup.com.

https://www.bmwgroup.com/en/innovation/drive-technologies/electromobility.html

● Transformation to E-mobility: BMW Group’s Munich plant to produce exclusively all-

electric models from the end of 2027. (2024). BMW Group PressClub.

https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/global/article/detail/T0439003EN/transformation-to-e-

mobility:-bmw-group%E2%80%99s-munich-plant-to-produce-exclusively-all-electric-

models-from-the-end-of-2027?language=en

● Swallow, T. (2023, April 11). BMW Group is a growing force for electric vehicle

adoption. Evmagazine.com; BizClik Media Ltd. https://evmagazine.com/mobility/bmw-

group-is-a-growing-force-for-electric-vehicle-adoption

● Thompson, T. (2023, October 4). The Future of BMW Technology: What To Expect In

The Next Decade! Motorwerks Auto Group; Motorwerks Auto Group.

https://motorwerksag.com/the-future-of-bmw-technology-what-to-expect-in-the-next-

decade/

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● People’s, Y. (2017, November 2). Electric Cars. Young People’s Trust for the

Environment. https://ypte.org.uk/factsheets/electric-cars/what-are-the-downsides-to-

electric-cars

● BMW Group Supply Chain - Due Diligence & Suppliers. (2023). Bmwgroup.com.

https://www.bmwgroup.com/en/sustainability/supply-chain.html

● Helmers, E., & Marx, P. (2012). Electric cars: technical characteristics and environmental

impacts. Environmental Sciences Europe, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/2190-4715-24-

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● BMW Sustainability. BMW Sustainability in vehicles & materials | BMW.com.my. (n.d.).

https://www.bmw.com.my/en/more-bmw/sustainability/vehicles-materials-

production.html

● BMW electric cars. BMW Electric Cars: Explore EV Benefits & Technologies. (n.d.).

https://www.bmw.com.my/en/electric-cars.html

● 10 innovations that promise to revolutionize electric car technology.(2023).

https://www.beev.co/en/blog/les-10-innovations-qui-promettent-de-revolutionner-la-

technologie-des-voitures-electriques/

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5. Appendices (Article, Journal, Official Web)

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