Question pack: 3.1.3.5 Shapes of molecules.

rtf ✅

Q3b – What do you say for the skin diffuse fragrance question ? SOLVENT NEEDS ENERGY TO
EVAPORATE, AND IT EVAPORATES QUICKLY SO WE DEDUCE LOW BP AND WEAK
VDW/WEAK IMF, THIS ENERGY IS TAKEN FROM THE SKIN. THEN THE FRAGRANCE
SPREADS SLOWLY VIA DIFFUSION

Question pack: 3.1.3.2 covalent and dative covalent bonding.rtf ✅

Q8d – Why is it stored as a liquid? OCCUPIES A SMALLER VOLUME SO EASIER TO STORE

AND TRANSPORT
Q18d – How do you deduce the empirical formula of graphane from that diagram? EACH C BONDS
TO ONE H

Question pack: 3.1.3.3 metallic bonding.rtf ✅

Q9d, Q9e, and Q9f – Are we expected to know how the answers to these? NO

Question pack: 3.1.3.5 shapes of molecules.rtf ✅

Q24c – How do we ‘deduce’ it? All I can think of is looking at the periodic table and just trying to
come up with something, but that’s not very methodical… LOOK AT THE COMPOUNDS IN THE
QUESTION. YOU’LL SEE ALCL3 AND WORK OUT THE MR TO BE 133.5, THEN YOU KNOW
YOU JUST HAVE TO DOUBLE IT TO GET 267
Q24e and f – You need to know how many outer shell electrons there are in thallium, but I don’t know
how you find this out. YOU WERE UNSURE BECAUSE THALLIUM WAS IN THE TRANSITION
METALS BLOCK. BUT LOOK AGAIN, THAT WAS TITANIUM! THALLIUM IS IN 6P1 SO IT
HAS THREE OUTER ELECTRONS.
Q24d – What has the same number of atoms, electrons and shape as AlCl4-? SICL4 BECAUSE AL
WITH AN EXTRA ELECTRON IS SILICON ACCORDING TO THE PERIODIC TABLE

Question pack: 3.1.4 energetics.rtf ✅

Q10b – Enthalpy of atomisation of chlorine is half the enthalpy of dissociation of chlorine but why?
ATOMISATION FORMS ONE MOLE OF PRODUCT, DISSOCIATION FORMS TWO
Q12aiii – I don’t know how to deduce the identity of the solid. THINK POLYMERS – IT’S
POLYETHENE BUT WE KNOW IT’S ACTUALLY CALLED POLYTHENE
Q12dii – I don’t know how to identify the “organic compound with Mr=60” produced in the ethanol +
copper(II) reaction. IT’S JUST OXIDISING ETHANOL
Q20d – Why is the data book value different to your calculated value? THE DATA BOOK
AVERAGES OVER DIFFERENT COMPOUNDS, NOT JUST THE COMPOUND WE USED IN
OUR CALCULATION
Q32a – How do you do it?

Q34b – Enthalpy of formation of CO is difficult to measure directly but why? SOME C REACTS
WITH O2

Question pack: 3.1.6 equilibria and Kc.rtf ✅

Q21d and 21e – How do you do it?

d) We’re trying to find how much NaOH reacted with the ethanoic acid (1:1 ratio) and how much
reacted with the H2SO4 (1:2 ratio)
e) Do more titrations and see if NaOH changes. If so, then you know the H2SO4 is constant so the
change comes from a change in ethanoic acid, which comes from equilibrium shifting. Check after
some time during the week to ensure no change.
Q25a – How do you do it?

You could just lay it out as a RICE problem, then say NaOH moles = ethanoic acid moles then find
ethanoic acid in 250, then say you had 0.08 therefore 0.064 reacted which leaves 0.056, then if you
know 0.064 reacted you can say that you lose 0.064 of the other reactant whilst forming 0.064 of each
product
25d – idk
Q26e, f, g, h – How do you do it? It just takes some time to get your head around it. Just make sure
you can recite the mark scheme.

Q32b – How do you do it?

Question pack: 3.1.6.2 Kc.rtf ✅

Q11 – Are we expected to be able to do it? IT’S JUST REACTANTS/PRODUCTS, THEN FOR B)
YOU SAY ESTER EVAPORATES SO EQUILIBRIUM SHIFTS RIGHT SO ACID REDUCES SO
LESS ALKALI NEEDED IN TITRATION

Question pack: 3.1.7 redox.rtf ✅

Q1f – How do you do it?

Q7b – They ask for an equation for “the reaction of potassium bromide with chlorine gas”, and give
us no further detail. I wrote KBr + H₂SO₄  KHSO₄ + 2H₂O. However the mark scheme wanted
2KBr + H₂SO₄  2KHSO₄ + Br₂ + SO₂ + 2H₂O. Since they gave us no further detail, how would
you know which equation the question wanted? JUST MEMORISE AND WRITE DOWN THE
OVERALL EQUATIONS AS A DEFAULT

Q13 – How do you do it?

b) the impurity reacts with dichromate, in such a way that when mass of feso4 and impurity are equal
we actually see impurity react with more dichromate than the feso4
my only issue is that i didn't know the fe2+ -> fe3+ + e- half equation, i had to look that up...is it
something we were taught in class? or something we get taught later? or just an extra little thing we
just have to memorise now? MEMORISE IT FOR NOW

Q19b – How do you know what the molar ratio is?

Question pack: 3.1.3.1 Ionic bonding.rtf ✅

Q1d – What has the same number of electrons as the (N₃)- ion? IT HAS 22 ELECTRONS AND SO
DOES CO2
Q1eiii – Why does magnesium azide have the formula MgN₆ and not Mg₃N₂? (The azide ion is N ₃⁻).
(N₃⁻) MULTIPLIED BY Mg’s 2 GIVES YOU N₆. (Mg) MULTIPLIED BY N₃⁻’S BY -1 GIVES
YOU Mg.
Q6b – You’re asked for the three processes in a mass spectrometer. The mark scheme says ionisation
and detection, which we learned, but it also says deflection with a magnetic field. Do we need to
know this or is it old-spec? OLD-SPEC

Question pack: 3.2.3.1 trends in the physical properties of the halogens.rtf ✅

1) give a test-tube reaction to identify sodium carbonate. ADD HNO3 AND OBSERVE
EFFERVESCENCE
Q10ai - They ask you to identify the other sodium halide. I’m thinking NaBr because reaction 1's
cream precipitate comes from NaBr. The mark scheme says NaCl – surely that's wrong?
so yeah you've got NaCl and NaI
from test 1, we'd expect AgCl white precipitate and AgI yellow precipitate
however these mix together to form a 'cream' precipitate. don't be fooled and think of it as AgBr!
for test 2, dilute ammonia solution makes the AgCl white precipitate dissolve/disappear, leaving the
AgI yellow precipitate
for test 3, concentrated ammonia solution still leaves you with the AgI yellow precipitate
if you DID have NaBr and then made AgBr, then it wouldn't dissolve when you added the dilute
ammonia solution, meaning you'd be left with a cream precipitate AND the yellow precipitate.
however this isn't the case as we're only left with the yellow precipitate
Q12bi – Write the sulfuric acid + potassium chloride ionic equation. REMEMBER YOUR SODIUM
HALIDE EQUATIONS AND JUST KNOW THAT POTASSIUM HALIDES ARE ALSO GROUP 1
HALIDES SO THEY WORK THE SAME WAY, THEREFORE H+ AND Cl- MAKE HCl
Q16a and Q16b – Are we expected to know these chemical tests? I didn’t know them… FOR NOW
JUST THINK ABOUT THE GROUP 7 PRECIPITATES
Q17a and Q17c – Are we expected to know these chemical tests? I didn’t know them… FOR A) IT’S
OXIDATION, FOR C) JUST THINK ABOUT THE GROUP 7 PRECIPITATES
Q18av – Why was the strontium chloride filtered and washed? REMOVE EXCESS SOLID THAT
GIVES TOO LARGE MASS, REMOVE IMPURITIES
Q18b – Write the ionic equation for the magnesium chloride + sodium hydroxide. MG2+ (AQ) +
2OH- (AQ) -> MG(OH)2 (S)
Q18b – Write the ionic equation for calcium + water. Ca (S) + 2H2O -> CA2+ (AQ) + 2OH- (AQ) +
H2(G)

Q19d – Why shouldn't you acidify the sodium chlorate? ADDING MORE ACID MEANS
EQUILIBRIUM SHIFTS LEFT TO CREATE MORE OF THE TOXIC CHLORINE
Q22c and Q22d – How do you do it? 22C IS THE REVERSE OF THE CL2+H2O EQUATION
(REMEMBER THE REACTION IS REVERSIBLE!), 22D REQUIRES YOU TO RECALL ClO- IS
A STRONG OXIDISING AGENT SO IT OXIDISES IODIDE IONS TO FORM IODINE WHICH
FORMS A BLACK SOLID
Q23 – How do you do it? IT’S JUST THE STANDARD “FILTER, WASH AND DRY”

Q27a – I wrote 2NaBr + 3H₂SO₄  NaHSO₄ + Br₂ + SO₂ + 2H₂O.

The mark scheme wanted 2NaBr + 2H₂SO₄  Na₂SO₄ + Br₂ + SO₂ + 2H₂O, which is also a possible
equation but different to what I wrote.
How do I know that the mark scheme wanted this equation rather than the equation I wrote?
JUST MEMORISE AND WRITE DOWN THE OVERALL EQUATIONS AS A DEFAULT
24a and 24b) what do you do for this question where they ask you to describe this new thing called
ethoxyethane? YOU SAY ITS NAME IN YOUR ANSWERS
Q28a – How do you do it? A2 TRANSITION METALS SO DON’T WORRY
Q29c – You’re asked to write an equation for the formation of potassium bromide. The mark scheme
wants you to use P₄, not P. Are we expected to know this yet? A2 PERIOD 3 SO DON’T WORRY

Q31 – How do you do it?

1. a boiling tube is a weird choice for a solid. kinda small
2. use a beaker
3. turn silver carbonate into silver chloride using hydrochloric acid, then this silver chloride (and the
original silver chloride) all dissolve
4. do your standard "filter, wash and dry" if you want all the solid
Q35 – How do you do identify the positive ion and negative ion in Y? YOU KNOW POSITIVE ION
IS BA²⁺, YOU JUST NEED TO REMEMBER THAT Mg(OH)₂ MAKES WHITE PRECIPITATE SO
THE NEGATIVE ION WOULD HAVE TO BE OH⁻

Question pack: 3.2.3 reactions of halide ions.rtf ✅

Q4 – Are we expected to know this? A2 TRANSITION METALS SO DON’T WORRY

Q20 – Which statement isn't true about chlorine+h2o? FORMS ALKALINE SOLUTION

Question pack: uses of chlorine and chlorate.rtf ✅

Q2d – How do you find the mass of potassium iodide using the ionic equation? REMEMBER IT
SAYS MASS OF POTASSIUM IODIDE SO USE MR OF POTASSIUM IODIDE RATHER THAN
IODINE MR. EVEN THOUGH IONIC EQUATION SHOWS IODIDE, IT’S JUST TO SHOW YOU
THE MOLAR RATIOS AND NOT THE MRs
Q4b, Q4c and Q4d – Are we expected to know this? COMPLEX IONS SO DON’T WORRY

Question pack: Group 2.rtf ✅

Q8a - How do you separate aqueous hydrogen peroxide from a mixture? FRACTIONAL
DISTILLATION
Q8c - Why can't infrared spec detect the water in hydrogen peroxide? WATER CONTAINS O-H BUT
SO DOES HYDROGEN PEROXIDE, SO YOU'LL SEE THE O-H AND NOT KNOW IF IT'S
FROM WATER OR JUST FROM THE HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
Q12a – After adding excess solid, why filter before adding sulfuric acid? REMOVE EXCESS SOLID
THAT GIVES TOO LARGE MASS
Q12c – Why wash the barium sulfate? REMOVE IMPURITIES
Q13a – Why’s it blue to yellow? JUST MEMORISE IT AS BLUE TO YELLOW
Q13b – Why is Ca(OH)2 not good for a titration? WEAKLY SOLUBLE THEREFORE WEAKLY
ALKALINE THEREFORE ACID NEEDS TO BE DILUTED
Q18c – Why do they expect us to write Mg(OH)₂ when they asked for the reaction with cold water?
Mg(OH)₂ is produced when the water is heated. THAT’S THEIR FAULT DON’T WORRY
Q19 – How do you do it?

Q23b – How do you measure the solubility of calcium sulfate? TAKE KNOWN VOLUME, THEN
EVAPORATE TO GET A MASS THAT YOU CAN WEIGH. MASS/VOLUME (HOW MANY
GRAMS PER DM³) = SOLUBILITY.
Q30 – Do we need to know how to do it? GROUP 2 NOT IN TEST, AND THIS INVOLVES
COMPLEX IONS SO DON’T WORRY
Q31 – Why is calcium + sulfuric acid initially faster than magnesium + hydrochloric acid?
CALCIUM IS MORE REACTIVE, SULFURIC ACID HAS DOUBLE THE H+ IONS BECAUSE H
TWO SO4

Q35 – How do you do it?

Question pack: Group 2 pack 1.rtf ✅

Q2 – Are we expected to know this? GROUP 2 NOT IN TEST, AND THIS INVOLVES
COMPLEX IONS SO DON’T WORRY
Q10c – How do you separate magnesium hydroxide from the reaction mixture, and remove
impurities? VACUUM FILTRATION, AND WASH
Q13aii – How do you separate a mixture of group 2 carbonate and group 2 sulfate? HNO3 +
FILTRATION

Question pack: 3.2.1 periodicity y13.rtf ✅

Q13d – We’re asked why argon has a lower boiling point than chlorine, and I said ‘monoatomic so
less vdw’ but you had to add ‘electrons closer to nucleus therefore electron cloud less easily
distorted/polarised’. How do I know when to mention this fact?
Q21e – What kind of structure is carbon? MACROMOLECULAR (but when did we learn that?)
Q32 – Are we expected to be able to answer this, or is this not taught until Year 13? A2
PERIODICITY SO DON’T WORRY

Question pack: 3.3.1.1 nomenclature.rtf ✅

Q6 – Why is it C and not D? JUST MEMORISE IT FOR NOW

Question pack: 3.1.1.3 Electron configuration.rtf ✅

Q9 – Why is it D? YOU EITHER FILL 4S’S 2 SPACES FIRST AND LOSE 4S FIRST, OR YOU
FILL 3D’s 10 SPACES FIRST AND LOSE 3D FIRST. SEE FOR YOURSELF THAT COPPER
WOULD BE 3d10/4s1, THEN LOSING ONE LEAVES IT AS 3d10
Q11d – When comparing charge density what should you compare? PROTONS/CHARGE, ION
SIZE, OVERALL CHARGE DENSITY AND ATTRACTION AND METALLIC BONDING
Q14d – Are we expected to know this? A2 PERIODICITY SO DON’T WORRY
Q22a – You’re asked for the electron configuration of a chromium 3+ ion. They take the electrons
from 4s first, but I thought chromium was exempt from that rule…or is that only for chromium 2+?
YES YOU’RE RIGHT IT’S ONLY FOR CHROMIUM 2+
Q24c – You’re asked for the Period 3 element with the highest electronegativity value. We know this
to be Ar, but the mark scheme says Cl. Is this something we need to know now, or in Year 13? A2
PERIODICITY SO DON’T WORRY
Q30b and Q30c – How do you ‘count the jumps’ for transition metals e.g. vanadium and scandium?
Vanadium is 3d3/4s2, we see a big jump going to 3p, so from fifth to sixth. scandium is 3d1/4s2, we
see a big jump going to 3p, so from third to fourth
Q30e – How do you do this? Calculate the oxidation state of the vanadium ion?! URGENT - The
Student Room

Question pack: 3.1.1.2 Isotopes and mass mumbers.rtf ✅

Q9b – You’re asked why Kr sometimes has a small peak at m/z=42. The mark scheme says two
electrons are knocked off. Are we expected to know this, or is that old-spec? OLD SPEC
Q19a – Are we expected to do this? It involves carboxylic acids which we haven’t done yet…
CARBOXYLIC ACIDS SO DON’T WORRY

Question pack: 3.1.1.1 Atomic structure fundamental particles.rtf ✅

If asked for the relative mass of an electron, what should we put? Some mark schemes say 1/1800,
some say 1/1840, some say anything between 1/1800 to 1/2000…what do the current spec’s mark
schemes say? DO WHATEVER YOU WANT

Question pack: 3.1.10 Equilibrium constant.rtf ✅

Q21a, b, c – How do you do this? FOR 22A, PROPAN-1-OL MOLES = MASS/MR AND MASS IS
DENSITY*VOLUME. FOR 22B, IT’S WEAK SO TITRATE WITH HCl AND FIND MOLES
THEN SUBTRACT FROM ACID MOLES AT EQUILIBRIUM. FOR 22C, ESTER EVAPORATES
SO YOU END UP WITH INCORRECT VALUES TO FIND KC

Question pack: 3.1.2.1 RAM & RMM.rtf ✅

Q2b – Why does the mark scheme allow electron impact ionisation but not electrospray ionisation?
JUST SET ELECTRON IMPACT AS YOUR DEFAULT
Q7d – Why does the mark scheme allow electron impact ionisation but not electrospray ionisation?
JUST SET ELECTRON IMPACT AS YOUR DEFAULT
Q10d – Which isotope gets deflected the most in the mass spectrometer? THE ONE WITH THE
LOWEST M/Z RATIO
Q15c – Why does the mark scheme only let you say “gas leaks out”, and not allow “gas leaks in”?
JUST MEMORISE THIS

Question pack: 3.1.6.1 equilibria and le Chatalier.rtf ✅

Q19b – For the cl2+h2o->hclo+hcl reaction, what happens if you add the cl2 to a ph7+ water? IF IT'S
PH7+ THEN IT'S GOT OH- IONS WHICH THEN REACT WITH THE CL2 REACTION
PRODUCT'S H+ IONS, THEREFORE ACID DEPLETES SO EQUILIBRIUM SHIFTS RIGHT TO
MAKE MORE ACID
Q35a – You're given a graph with the reactant conc and product conc for an equilibrium reaction,
when does the reaction reach equilibrium? NOT WHEN THE TWO CONCENTRATIONS CROSS,
BUT WHEN THEY LEVEL OUT
Q29b – You’re asked to draw the skeletal formula of ethyl ethanoate. Should we be able to do this?

This is what the mark scheme did, but I don’t know why we have
to rotate the bonds like that in step 3. Is there an easier way?
Q29d and 29e – Are we able to do this? I don’t think we can, because we’re not familiar with this
reaction of ethanoic acid and sulfuric acid…
Q34d – How does adding water affect the equilibrium mixture? The mark scheme says both the
reactants and products decrease in concentration, so the equilibrium shifts to the side with more moles
(products side). Normally we don’t discuss the number of moles when explaining concentration’s
effect on equilibrium; we only discuss the number of moles when explaining pressure’s effect on
equilibrium. So, I don’t know why we’re linking moles to concentration this time. Well it’s to do with
Kc – the lowered concentrations will affect the products side more due to more moles and higher
powers in the Kc formula, so Kc has to shift right to fix this.

Question pack: 3.1.2.2 the mole and avogadros constant.rtf ✅

Q26a – They ask why NaBr has a higher melting point than NaI. Is it because iodine has a greater
atomic radius than bromine, so in NaI, iodine ‘pushes’ the ionic bond towards Na, making the ionic
bond more one-sided and therefore easier to break? YES

Question pack: 3.3.5.2 Oxidation of alcohols.rtf ✅

Q20b – Are we expected to be able to form the equation for propane-1,2-diol under reflux? YES
Q10a – Why was the ethanol heated with a water bath? NAKED FLAMES + BUNSEN BURNER
FLAME = FIRE, SO USE WATER BATH TO REDUCE FIRE RISK
Q14d – Explain the pattern in alcohol combustion. EXTRA CH2 THEREFORE ONE MORE C-C
AND TWO MORE C-H BROKEN BUT ALSO ONE MORE MOLE CO2 AND ONE MORE MOLE
H2O FORMED (INCREASE IN BROKEN AND MADE BY A CONSTANT AMOUNT)
THEREFORE Y=MX+C
Q16b – Why is bacteria used in the reaction? CATALYST

Question pack: 3.3.3.1 nucleophilic substitution in haloalkanes.rtf ✅

Q7dii – They ask why nucleophilic substitution doesn’t use a carbocation, but I don’t know.
THEY’RE NOT ASKING WHY ONE OCCURS WITH A CARBOCATION AND WHY ONE
DOESN’T OCCUR WITH A CARBOCATION, THEY’RE ASKING WHY ONE OCCURS AND
WHY ONE DOESN’T AND THEY’RE SAYING THE ONE OCCURRING HAPPENS TO USE A
CARBOCATION. ANYWAYS THIS IS EASIER TO ANSWER NOW, THEY BOTH HAVE
CARBOCATIONS BUT TERTIARY > PRIMARY SO THE TERTIARY HAPPENS.
Q32c – They drew a three-carbon chain, with a methyl group on the middle carbon, and an aldehyde
functional group on each end. I drew a four-carbon chain, with a ketone functional groups on the
second and third carbon, is that also allowed? NOT IN TEST
Q32d – How do you do this? JUST ADD TWO C---N’s AND TWO O-H’s TO YOUR ANSWER
FROM 32C NOT IN TEST
Question pack: 3.3.4.2 reactions of Alkenes.rtf
Q4a – Define addition. REACTION WHERE TWO MOLECULES FORM ONE MOLECULE
Q13a – The jet space wasn't filled. what's the effect on the titre? TAP'S JET SPACE FILLS BEFORE
LIQUID DELIVERED MEANING LEVEL IN BURETTE FALLS THEREFORE THE MEASURED
BURETTE VOLUME LOST IS GREATER
Q13b – Why were the titres inconsistent? PIPETTE DROP SIZES VARY (THEREFORE
PERCENTAGE ERROR) AND THE DROP SIZES ARE SO SMALL SO THE PERCENTAGE
ERROR IS GREATER
Q13c – How do you make the oil titration more accurate? LARGER SINGLE VOLUME OF OIL,
DISSOLVE, 250, 25CM3 TITRE
Q13d – How do you do this?

Question pack: 3.3.3.2 Elimination reactions of haloalkanes.rtf

Q14b – When asked what kind of isomerism is shown and the answer is E-Z, what else must you say?
GEOMETRICAL
Q19d - How do you do the mechanism without knocking off an entire CH3?
Question pack: 3.3.3.3 ozone depletion haloalkanes.rtf ✅

Q2b – When describing the ozone depletion process, what must you also mention? CL RADICAL IS
A CATALYST SO IT FINDS ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY WITH LOWER ACTIVATION ENERGY
AND IS REGENERATED TO CAUSE CHAIN REACTION, PLUS THERE AREN'T ENOUGH CL
RADICALS FOR THEM TO CANCEL OUT/TERMINATE
Question pack: 3.3.2.2 Modification of alkanes by cracking
Q1b – When saying more surface area = more vdw, what must you also say? THE MOLECULES
ARE MORE CLOSELY PACKED TOGETHER
Q3a – Are we expected to know the crude oil fractions and their boiling points, or is that old spec?
OLD SPEC
For the cracking of hydrocarbons, is the mechanism homolytic fission or heterolytic fission? The
mark scheme for Q3b says homolytic fission, the mark scheme for Q4c says heterolytic fission.
HOMOLYTIC FISSION

Question pack: 3.3.1.2 polymers.rtf

Q30b – How do you do this?

A more general one for polymers…

Question pack: nomenclature.rtf ✅

Q12f – The mark scheme says Cl₂ and then it says Cl-Cl. Do you need to say both? It’s only worth 1
mark so I thought only saying Cl₂ would be fine… YOU’RE FINE
Q33a - How do you draw the skeletal formula of 3-methylbutanal? PUT =O ON THE TOP AND
EXTEND THE LINE FOR THE H
Q35f - Why do stereoisomers form? RESTRICTED ROTATION AROUND C=C AND TWO
DIFFERENT GROUPS TO EACH CARBON IN THE C=C
Question pack: 3.3.6.2 Mass spectroscopy.rtf
Q4e – Confirm the trace gas had both these gases. SAME MR, BUT SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT SO
TWO MOLECULAR ION PEAKS
Q5a – Define molecular ion. THE MOLECULE WITH AN ELECTRON KNOCKED OFF/LOST
Q8a – Why can't mass spec distinguish between two isomers? SAME MOLECULAR FORMULA
AND IDENTICAL MR
Q7d – Are we expected to know this benzene fragmentation stuff? NO
Q10b – Are we expected to know this? We know Tollens’ reagent but we don’t know what happens
when it oxidises an aldehyde… NO

Question pack: 3.3.5.3 elimination reactions of alcohols.rtf

Q1 – How do you do this cyclohexene mechanism question?
Question pack: 3.3.6.1 identification of functional groups.rtf
Q10 – Are we expected to know this? A2 ACYLATION SO NO
Q17b – How do you derive A and B?

Question pack: 3.3.6.3 Infrared spectroscopy.rtf

Q18a – Why don't many glucose molecules in the solid state have the structure shown? BECAUSE
THAT STRUCTURE HAS NO C=O BAND BUT GLUCOSE DOES HAVE A C=O
Q11a – What’s the structure of the tertiary alcohol with C₄H₈O?
Q2b – How do you explain the formation of a nucleophilic substitution mechanism? ONE'S MORE
ELECTRONEGATIVE THAN THE OTHER (ELECTRONEGATIVITY DIFFERENCE), SO
PARTIAL POSITIVE PARTIAL NEGATIVE, SO PARTIAL POSITIVE ATTRACTS LONE
PAIR/LONE PAIR ATTACKS PARTIAL POSITIVE/NUCLEOPHILE DONATES LONE PAIR TO
PARTIAL POSITIVE
Q21b – You’re given an infrared spec and asked to deduce no trichloromethane but how? NO C-H
BAND AND BUT TRICHLOROMETHANE DOES HAVE C-H
Q26 – What type of imf do aldehydes have? PERMANENT DIPOLE-DIPOLE
Q29c – Why is a high temperature good and bad for fermentation? GOOD FOR RATE BUT BAD
FOR ENERGY COST AND ENZYME DENATURE

Question pack: 3.3.9.1 carboxylic acids and esters.rtf ✅

Q20 – Are we expected to answer this multiple choice question on vitamin C? NO

Q26e – We’re asked for one compound in biodiesel that’s formed by reacting methanol with the given
vegetable oil structure. Are we expected to be able to answer this? NO

Question pack: Ideal gas equation multi choice.rtf

Q17 – How do you do this?

Question pack: Ideal gas equation.rtf ✅

Q1c – Why was the gas Mr experiment inaccurate? SOME AIR LEAKED INTO THE SYRINGE
THEREFORE VOLUME TOO HIGH = MOLES TOO HIGH = MR TOO LOW
Q1d – What's the safety precaution for the gas Mr experiment? TOXIC VAPOUR SO USE FUME
CUPBOARD
Q7a – 1 mole of nitromethane forms a certain number of moles of gas, and you're given the equation.
what must you remember to do? COMPARE WITH THE MOLES IN THE EQUATION
Q7b – Why can't you use this reaction to remove co2 from a car engine? CAR ENGINE REACTION
SO HOT IT'LL BOIL THIS REACTION, ALSO THIS REACTION MIGHT BE TOO SLOW
Q7e – Why should you mix air with the fuel? HIGHER PROPORTION OF OXYGEN THEREFORE
MORE COMPLETE COMBUSTION
Q20bv – Why is limestone rather than sodium hydroxide used to neutralise acidity in lakes?
ABUNDANT
Q24d – When asked which reaction/stage has the higher atom economy, which do you choose? THE
ONE WITH LESS WASTE PRODUCT

Question pack: Time of flight mass spec word doc ✅

Q1g – What do you do you’re asked to name the ion that reaches the detector first? PUT A PLUS
SIGN ON IT
Q6c – why must atoms be ionised? IONS ARE ACCELERATED AND IONS CREATE CURRENT

Question pack: Yr 12 bonding practice questions.rtf ✅

Q1b – How do you explain the formation of permanent dipole dipole imf? ONE'S MORE
ELECTRONEGATIVE THAN THE OTHER (ELECTRONEGATIVITY DIFFERENCE), SO
PARTIAL POSITIVE PARTIAL NEGATIVE, SO PARTIAL POSITIVE ON ONE ATTRACTED TO
PARTIAL NEGATIVE ON THE OTHER

Question pack: 3.1.5 kinetics.rtf ✅

Q10ciii – Why does the overall equation show this to be a catalyst? ACTS AS INTERMEDIATE,
NOT IN OVERALL AND NOT USED UP AND REGENERATED
Q17d – Why's the handwarmer dangerous? SPITS AND RELEASES CORROSIVE CHEMICALS
Q24b – How do you determine the initial rate of reaction? DO YOUR MEASURING AND PLOT,
BUT ALSO CALCULATE THE SLOPE AKA GRADIENT AT THE BEGINNING

Question pack: Kinetics and arrhenius practice questions

1b) You’re asked to use the concentration/time graph to prove that it’s order 2. How do you do this?
Find the concentration ratio, use this and order 2 to find the rate ratio. Use the initial rate and gradient
rate to find the actual rate ratio, and compare.
Can you use the rate ratio to find the required new rate, and compare that to the gradient rate?
2c) Explain why a racemic mixture is formed. Trigonal planar molecule that can be attacked from
above and below. Why can’t you identify the chiral centre and say you have optical isomers? Is it
because we’re interested in what optical isomer is formed?
2e) How do you do it? Also what do ‘dimerises’ and ‘trimer’ mean?

Question pack: Kp questions.rtf

4c) How do you do it?
9a) You’re given the partial pressure of sulfur dioxide, so how do you find the partial pressure of the
other reactant? It’s just using mole ratios.

Question pack: DNA.rtf

1b) How do you do it?
1c) Compare my drawing in my book (which I derived from my iPad notes), to the one in the mark
scheme. The mark scheme one has extra stuff and I don’t know where that came from.
3a) Compare my drawing in my book (which I derived from my iPad notes), to the one in the mark
scheme. The mark scheme one has extra stuff and I don’t know where that came from.
3b) 3c) 3d) How do you do it?
4b) How do you do it?

Question pack: Electrocells and redox.rtf

I made mistakes across all five questions, could do with a walkthrough of the whole pack.

And finally, a more general question…

Suppose a question’s part a) makes you calculate something and you round your answer at the end.
Suppose that question’s part b) makes you use your answer to part a). Should you use your rounded
answer to part a), or use the unrounded answer from your calculator? ROUNDED ANSWER TO
PART A)
PMT PACKS

How do I figure out the molar ratio of the acid to the alkali? Answer is B MEMORISE IT JUST IN
CASE
The pack this was from: Amount of Substance (Multiple Choice) QP.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com)
The mark scheme for the pack: Amount of Substance (Multiple Choice) MS.pdf
(physicsandmathstutor.com)
How do you do this? Answer is B ✅

The pack this was from: Amount of Substance (Multiple Choice) QP.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com)
The mark scheme for the pack: Amount of Substance (Multiple Choice) MS.pdf
(physicsandmathstutor.com)

Balanced Equations & Associated Calc\'s 09 QP.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com)

Balanced Equations & Associated Calc\'s 09 MS.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com)
For Q4c) you need to use redox equations to write an overall equation which then gives you the molar
ratio. I’m not sure how to do this, although I’ve done it for similar questions asking about potassium
manganate. JUST HOPE IT DOESN’T COME UP, PROBABLY WON’T SINCE IT INVOLVES
COMPLEX IONS

No idea what’s going on here… Answer is A ✅

The pack this was from: Amount of Substance (Multiple Choice) QP.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com)
The mark scheme for the pack: Amount of Substance (Multiple Choice) MS.pdf
(physicsandmathstutor.com)
A ‘guess the compound’ one, like the one just above. Answer is D ✅

The pack this was from: Amount of Substance MCQ QP.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com)
The mark scheme for the pack: Amount of Substance MCQ MS.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com)
Part a) is fine but part b) expects you to know the ammonia test. We haven’t done that this year, but

are we expected to know it for our exam because it’s from the GCSE? ✅

Balanced Equations & Associated Calc\'s 04 QP.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com)

Balanced Equations & Associated Calc\'s 04 MS.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com)
OH- ions: 1cm3 sample turns red litmus paper into alkaline blue
NH4+ ions: sample and sodium hydroxide, put tube into water bath and produce fumes that turn red
litmus paper into alkaline blue

Are we able to do any of the parts of Q1 and any of the parts of Q3 on this question pack? These
questions look tough/off-topic… Balanced Equations & Associated Calc\'s 02 QP.pdf
(physicsandmathstutor.com)
Here’s the mark scheme: Balanced Equations & Associated Calc\'s 02 MS.pdf
(physicsandmathstutor.com))
IGNORE QUESTION 1, BUT LEARN THE MARK SCHEME FOR QUESTION 3

Are we able to do any of the parts of Q3 on this question pack? This question looks tough/off-topic
Balanced Equations & Associated Calc\'s 05 QP.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com)
Here’s the mark scheme: Balanced Equations & Associated Calc\'s 05 MS.pdf
(physicsandmathstutor.com))
NO

Are we able to do any of the parts of Q1 and any of the parts of Q2 on this question pack? These
questions look tough/off-topic… Balanced Equations & Associated Calc\'s 10 QP.pdf
(physicsandmathstutor.com)
In particular I’m wondering if we’re able to do Q1aiv) and Q2d)…
(Mark scheme: Balanced Equations & Associated Calc\'s 10 MS.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com))
NO

For this question pack…

Balanced Equations & Associated Calc\'s 12 QP.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com)
(Mark scheme: Balanced Equations & Associated Calc\'s 12 MS.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com))
We’re asked to use Q1b) and Q1c) to do Q1d). How do you use Q1b) and Q1c) to do Q1d)?
USE MOLES=MASS/MR

For this question pack…

Balanced Equations & Associated Calc\'s 13 QP.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com)
(Mark scheme: Balanced Equations & Associated Calc\'s 13 MS.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com))
Do we have the knowledge to get the answer to the last part of Q6? If so, how?
JUST MEMORISE THE MARK SCHEME: THEIR SUGGESTED SOLUTION WOULD REACT
WITH THE HCl
For this question pack…
Application of Hess`s Law 6 QP.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com)
(Mark scheme: Application of Hess`s Law 6 MS.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com))
Not sure how to do this one… Answer is D ✅

For this question pack…

Kinetics MCQ QP.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com)
(Mark scheme: Kinetics MCQ MS.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com))
For Q14, the answer is C – the time taken for the cross to disappear will decrease if you use a bigger

conical flask. I don’t understand why though. ✅

IN THE BIGGER FLASK, THE PRECIPITATE IS SPREAD OUT MORE, SO IT TAKES LONGER
TO BUILD A THICK ENOUGH LAYER THAT BLOCKS OUT THE X.

For this question pack…

Chemical Equilibria QP.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com)
(Mark scheme: Chemical Equilibria MS.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com))
Should we be able to do Q4b)? It asks us to deduce the structure of the diester. NO

For this question pack…

Oxidation, Reduction & Redox eqns 3 QP.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com)
(Mark scheme: Oxidation, Reduction & Redox eqns 3 MS.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com))
Q4 asks you to write an electrolysis equation, could we be expected to do that in our exam since it’s
from GCSE? YES
For this question pack…
Group 7 the Halogens QP.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com)
(Mark scheme: Group 7 the Halogens MS.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com))
Q5d) asks you to find the moles of AgI. Q5e) asks you to use that to find the moles and mass of NaI.
It turns out the AgI:NaI ratio is a 1:1 ratio. How do we know it’s a 1:1 ratio? JUST LEARN IT

For this question pack…

Alkenes QP.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com)
(Mark scheme: Alkenes MS.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com))

Do we know the reaction/mechanism for Q2a)? If so, what reaction is it? ✅

NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION (FEELS HARDER TO SPOT BECAUSE OF THE

COMPOUND’S COMPLEX IUPAC NAME, BUT JUST LOOK AT THE REAGENT AND YOU’LL
KNOW BECAUSE THE REAGENT IS DILUTE NAOH WHICH IS FOR NUCLEOPHILIC
SUBSTITUTION)

For this question pack…

Addition Polymers 1 QP.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com)
(Mark scheme: Addition Polymers 1 MS.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com))
Do we know how to do Q1b)? If so, how do we derive the two original reactants?
NO

For this question pack…

Alcohols QP.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com)
(Mark scheme: Alcohols MS.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com))

Do we need to know what ‘phenyl’ in ‘1-phenylethanol’ means? Answer is C

NO AS IT HAS A RING

For this question pack…

Organic Analysis QP.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com)
(Mark scheme: Organic Analysis MS.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com))
For Q3a), I know Q, R and S react with acidified potassium dichromate(VI) since they’re primary or
secondary alcohols…the mark scheme agrees, but also says that T (an aldehyde) can react with
acidified potassium dichromate(VI), and I don’t know why.
YES, BUT ALSO REMEMBER THAT ALDEHYDES CAN BE OXIDISED INTO CARBOYXLIC
ACIDS!
For this question pack…
Alcohols QP.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com)
(Mark scheme: Alcohols MS.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com))

Why can’t some alcohols be dehydrated? Answer is B

For this question pack…
Elimination 1 QP.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com)
(Mark scheme: Elimination 1 MS.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com))

Same thing here, why can’t some alcohols be dehydrated?

For this question pack…

Elimination 1 QP.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com)
(Mark scheme: Elimination 1 MS.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com))
For this question pack…
The Mole & Avogadro Constant 2 QP.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com)
(Mark scheme: The Mole & Avogadro Constant 2 MS.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com))
Q2 is long but here’s how you do it

For this question pack…

Alcohols QP.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com)
(Mark scheme: Alcohols MS.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com))
Q9c) Neutralises the phosphoric acid or sulfuric acid catalyst
Q9d) Prevents pressure build-up
Q9e) Doesn’t react with the cyclohexene

AQA AS PAPERS

AS Paper 1 2017
  find moles of copper
 equalling moles of compound, so find mass
 mass x 100/1.25

AS Paper 1 2019

 moles of NaOH
 dividing by 2 gives moles of diprotic acid…how do we know this?
 that’s moles in 26.45 but what about moles in 250?
 then moles=mass/mr

AS Paper 1 2020: all good

AS Paper 1 2021
  after getting moles, you have ethanoic acid moles…how do you know it’s 1:1 though?
 multiply by Mr of ethanoic acid to get mass, subtract from 5.60 to get mass of sodium
ethanoate then find percentage by mass

AS Paper 1 2022

What does the mark scheme mean by ‘use best three of these four stages’?

AS Paper 1 Specimen: all good

AS Paper 2 2016: all good
AS Paper 2 2017: all good
AS Paper 2 2018: all good
AS Paper 2 2019: all good
AS Paper 2 2020: all good

AS Paper 2 2021
Oxygen is the only substance with the O=O bond

AS Paper 2 2022

See how many moles of CO2 each one produces when combusted, then divide energy by that number
of moles

AS Paper 2 2022

Answer is D but I’m not sure why

AQA A2 PAPERS
A Level Paper 1 2018

 moles of NaOH therefore moles of HCl and in 250

 original moles – moles in 250 = moles reacting with sodium carbonate
 divide by 2 to get moles of sodium carbonate…how do we know it’s a 1:2 ratio?
 moles=mass/mr, subtract sodium carbonate mr

A Level Paper 1 2019: all good

A Level Paper 1 2020

 you found the moles of ClO, now times by 4 to get moles in 100cm3, times by Mr->mass
 then 1.20*10=mass of bleach, then find percentage of NaClO mass in that

What else must you remember? MnO4 is a 1 minus ion, not a 2 minus ion! This is useful knowledge
for those titration questions that make you form the redox and overall equations by yourself. However
I’m not sure if we are already meant to know this or if we cover it later.

A Level Paper 1 2021: all good

A Level Paper 1 Specimen: all good

A Level Paper 2 2018: all good

A Level Paper 2 2017: all good

A Level Paper 2 2019:

This was a weird one and worth going through.

02.2) Liquids are immiscible.

02.3) Liquid turns clear.
03.4) Why aren’t some polymers biodegradable? Carbon-to-carbon bonds are too strong and too non-
polar

This was a weird one and worth going through…

10.2) When going from NaOH to dicarboxylic acid, what must you do? Divide by 2, not times by 2

A Level Paper 2 2020

This was a weird one and worth going through…
Reweigh to find exact mass added.
Pipette.
Corrosive.

This was a weird one and worth going through…

Lower; range of values.

Water bath/electric heater and below the boiling point of ethanol.
Remove soluble impurities.
Larger crystals.

This was a weird one and worth going through…

  moles of carbon dioxide = moles of carbon, moles of water x 2 = moles of hydrogen, you can
find moles of oxygen, then compare

A Level Paper 2 2022

This was a weird one and worth going through…

A Level Paper 3 2018

This was a weird one and worth going through…
It’s a weak acid so not fully dissociated therefore needs more energy

A Level Paper 3 2020: all good

A Level Paper 3 2021

Eye level, gloves

Also for that question in June 2021 QP.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com), we’re asked for the colour
change in the titration but I don’t know if we’ve done this yet. How are we meant to know?

This was a weird one and worth going through…

Ok so you know your “dissolve in the minimum amount of solvent, hot water, cool and filter” – well
all those are true, but for this one you have to say ‘decant’ at the start and then ‘wash and dry’ at the
end
This was a weird one and worth going through…
HCN is weak so KCN dissociates better.

Flask not clamped; sealed

A Level Paper 3 Specimen

This was a weird one and worth going through…