EXERCISE 4: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to

indicate the correct answer to each of the question.

Alaska is disappearing slowly, but surely. It is estimated that since the
19505, as much as fifteen percent of Alaska's land area has disappeared. How can a
whole state be disappearing? The problem is that Alaska’s glaciers are melting. The
state has more than 100,000 glaciers. These glaciers account for about 75,000
square kilometers, or five percent, of the state’s area. That is an area of land larger
than Ireland!
According to a recent report by the US Geological Survey, ninety-nine
percent of Alaska's glaciers are either retreating or diminishing. This diminishing
seems mainly due to the increase in global temperatures. Since the 19605, the
average year-round temperature has increased by almost 3°C. Additionally, the
average winter temperature has increased by over 6°C. Presently, an estimated 100
cubic kilometers of ice is disappearing from Alaskan glaciers every year. It may be
even more in the near future, as some scientists predict that the average world
temperature could go up 4 to 7°C by the year 2100.
Another problem facing Alaska is its thawing permafrost. Much of the land
in Alaska used to be permanently frozen or frozen for most of the year. Now, the
thawing permafrost is causing a number of problems for people living in Alaska.
Roads and utility poles are collapsing as the ground around and under them warms
and soften. Also, the hard permafrost that originally prevented beaches from eroding
during violent storms is now melting. People who live along Alaska's coasts are
being forced to relocate. For villages on small low islands, one terrible storm could
wipe out the entire community.
The melting permafrost and increasing temperatures are both affecting the
forests of Alaska. As the permafrost under the forests melts, insects that normally do
not turn up until the warmer seasons are appearing sooner. The spruce-bark beetle,
for example, is increasing in numbers as a result of warmer winter temperatures. It
usually takes about two years for these beetles to grow and reproduce in. very cold
weather. However, due to the increase in temperatures, spruce-bark beetles are
reproducing faster and damaging as many trees in one year as they previously
damaged in two. If something cannot be done to change things, Alaska's forests will
not survive the turn of the century.
Some scientists believe that human activity is linked to a global increase in
weather temperature. Whatever the cause of rising temperatures may be, the fact
remains that temperatures are warming, affecting Alaska for the worse. Horribly,
this could be a preview of what will happen to the rest of the world in the next
century.
Question 19: Which of the following could be the main topic of the passage?

A. Alaska’s glaciers are reducing.

B. The reasons Why Alaska is disappearing.

C. The areas of Alaska’s glaciers are thawing.

D. The problems Alaska is facing.

Question 20: As mentioned in the first paragraph, the glaciers in Alaska made up.

A. over 100,000 square kilometers B. more than 75,000 square

kilometers

C. about 5 % of the area of the state D. an area smaller than Ireland

Question 21: According to the report by the US Geological Survey, which of the
following is NOT true about Alaska?
A. Climate change is the major reason for the decrease of Alaska’s glaciers.

B. The average winter temperature has risen by nearly 3°C.

C. Every year, there is about 100 cubic kilometers of ice melting.

 D. The majority of Alaska’s glaciers are lessening.

Question 22: The word “permafrost” in the third paragraph mostly means .

A. an area of land permanently frozen below the surface

B. fuels formed underground from plants and animals remains millions of

years ago

C. a large mass of ice that moves slowly

D. a very large mass of ice that floats in the sea

Question 23: The word "relocate" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to .

A. remain B. restore C. disappear D.

displace

Question 24: According to the passage, the following are the problems caused by the
melting permafrost,

EXCEPT .

A. The warm and soft ground makes roads and utility poles easy to collapse.

B. The beaches are effortlessly eroded by violent storms.

C. The insects which usually appear in warmer temperature do not come back.

D. The trees destroyed by the spruce—bark beetles in one warm year are
 twice as many as those damaged in a cold year.
Question 25: What does the word “they” in paragraph 4 refer to?

A. trees B. spruce-bark beetles C. temperatures D.

insects
Question 26: What is predicted in
the last paragraph?

A. Human activities are likely to increase the weather temperature.

B. The Earth is getting worse due to the influences of global warming.

C. There will be other reasons why the temperature is rising.

D. Alaska's forests will disappear in the next century.

EXERCISE 5: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to

indicate the correct answer to each of the question.
There are three basic types of classroom learning styles: visual, auditory,
and kinesthetic.These learning styles describe the most common ways that
people learn. Individuals tend to instinctively prefer one style over the others;
thus each person has a learning style that is dominant even though he or she
may also rely somewhat on the other approaches at different times and in
different circumstances.
Visual learners prefer to sit somewhere in the classroom where no
obstructions hinder their view of the lesson. They rely on the teacher's facial
expressions and body language to aid their learning. They learn best from a
blend of visual displays and presentations such as colorful videos, diagrams, and
flip-charts. Often, these learners think in pictures and may even close their eyes to
visualize or remember something. When they are bored, they look around for
something to watch. Many visual learners lack confidence in their auditory
memory skills and so may take detailed notes during classroom discussions and
lectures. Auditory learners sit where they can hear well. They enjoy
listening and talking, so discussions and verbal lectures stimulate them.
Listening to what others have to say and then talking the subject through helps
them process new information. These learners may be heard reading to
themselves out loud because they can absorb written information better in
this way. Sounding out spelling words, reciting mathematical theories, or talking
their way across a map are examples of the types of activities that improve
their understanding.
Kinesthetic learners may find it difficult to sit still in a conventional
classroom. They need to be physically active and take frequent breaks. When
they are bored, they fidget in their seats. They prefer to sit someplace where
there is room to move about. They benefit from manipulating materials and learn
best when classroom subjects such as math, science, and reading are processed
through hands-on experiences. Incorporating arts-and-crafts activities,
building projects, and sports into lessons helps kinesthetic learners process new
information. Physical expressions of encouragement, such as a pat on the back,
are often appreciated.
In addition to these traditional ways of describing learning styles, educators
have identified other ways some students prefer to learn. Verbal learners, for
example, enjoy using words, both written and spoken. Logical learners are
strong in the areas of logic and reasoning, Social learners do best when
working in groups, whereas solitary learners prefer to work alone. Research
shows that each of these learning styles, as well as the visual, auditory, and
kinesthetic styles, uses different parts of the brain. Students may prefer to
focus on just one style, but practicing other styles involves more of the
brain's potential and therefore helps students remember more of what they
learn.
(Adapted from Essential words for the JELTS
by Dr. Lin Lougheed)

Question 27: What topic does the passage mainly discuss?

A. Fundamental kinds of learning approaches

B. Different classrooms for different learner groups

C. The most common way to learn

D. Basic classrooms for individuals

Question 28: The word “dominant” in the first paragraph is closest in

meaning to

A. successful B. foremost C. familiar D.

distinctive

Question 29: According to the second paragraph, visual learners _____ _.

A. have a preference for sitting at the backs of the classrooms,

B. must keep an eye on the pictures to memorize the content of the lessons.

C. are easy to get fed up with the lessons.

 D. are not confident in remembering what they have listened.

Question 30: The word “blend” in paragraph 2 could be best replaced by

______.

A. division B. list C. mixture

A. auditory learners B. discussions C. verbal
lectures D.others Question 32: Which of the
following is NOT true about auditory learners?
A. They get information and the content of the lecturers aurally and orally.

B. Reciting the lessons aloud is an effective way to understand the subjects.

C. They always fidget when they are indifferent to the lectures.

D. They merely learn well when they are able to listen to the lessons
clearly.

Question 33: The following are suggested methods to attract kinesthetic learners,
EXCEPT

A. merging arts-and-crafts activities

B. integrating projects and sports into the lessons

C. stimulating them by physical expressions

D. isolating them in a customary classroom

Question 34: What did the author suggest learners in order to keep in their
mind what they learnt in the last paragraph?
A. Practicing merely one style of learning to make the brain work more
effectively.

B. Using variety of learning methods to increase the potential of their brain.

C. Using both written and spoken words to improve their logical thoughts.

D. Identifying the most suitable learning style themselves.