General Guidelines to Directed Writing

1. Read the question carefully.

2. Identify what you are required to do. Also, be clear about your role and your
audience — who is going to listen or read your piece of writing.
3. Use the 45 minutes allocated for this question wisely.
4. You need to plan your essay and organise your thoughts. This means thinking
about what to write, how to elaborate on the points given and producing
a neat piece of writing.
5. Remember, not to spend more than the allocated time for this question.Some
candidates make the mistake of spending more than 45 minutes on this
question and they end up having little time for the second essay.Bear in mind, no
matter how much you write, you can only score a maximum of 15
marks for content, so there is no point in devoting more than 45 minutes.
6. Include an introduction and a conclusion and make sure your paragraphs are well-
organised.
7. Use all content points given. It is advisable to cross out the points you have used,
so that no point is left out.
8. Use the points in the order in which they are given.This is to avoid leaving out a
point. Sometimes linguistically proficient candidates, rearrange the
given points in a manner which suits their organisation of thoughts. There is no
harm in doing this except that you may inadvertently leave out a point
or two.
9. Avoid paraphrasing the points given. This may result in distortion of meaning.
10.Convey one point at a time.
11.Include points of your own only if you are asked to. Otherwise, do not waste
precious time doing so because you will not get any extra marks.
12.You should elaborate on the points given.
13.Write two to three sentences to elaborate on each point. I usually advise my weak
students to write at least one sentence for elaboration purposes. This is because
language is a crucial aspect of this paper and your ability to write can only be
tested if you provide sufficient language for the
examiner to gauge your linguistic ability.
14. Your elaborations can be in the form of examples, facts and figures or any extra
information.
15. Use a variety of sentence structures so that your essay is not dull and
monotonous.
16. Pay attention to the usage of effective vocabulary. Use appropriate words and
expressions to convey meaning.
17. You may include suitable idiomatic expressions or quotations to enhance your
writing.
18. Always read through what you have written.
19. Correct grammatical, spelling and punctuation errors. Remember, in any language
paper, grammatical correctness is crucial. Carelessness with the
use of tenses, subject-verb agreement, pronouns etc. can result in unnecessary
loss of marks.
20. Always submit a neatly written piece of work.Some candidates hand in messy work
with lots of cancellations or work that is heavily marked with
correction fluid (liquid paper). This makes it very difficult for the examiner to make
sense of what you have written.

Common pitfalls
1. Poor time management. Do not spend more than the
allocated 45 minutes on this question. Otherwise you will not have enough time for
the second question. Remember the second question carries more marks.
2. Lengthy essays.Do not write too much. As mentioned earlier, this question does
not make many demands on a candidate. Directed writing is a succinct piece of
writing. All you have to do is use the given points and provide a sentence or two
(maybe three) to elaborate on them.A response of 1½ - 2 pages is more than
sufficient. After all, the more you write the more mistakes you are likely to make.
Some candidates make the mistake of writing one paragraph for each point. If you
do this, your essay is going to be very lengthy. Save the time and energy for
Continuous Writing.
3. Usage of Informal language.This paper tests your written English. Do not use
spoken language. Avoid using slang words (such as guys, dudes, bligetty, breaky,
toastie), contractions (can’t, mustn’t etc) and informal language (such as informal
idiomatic expressions or informal phrasal verbs).
4. Too many idiomatic expressions.
5. Some candidates tend to use as many idiomatic expressions as they can in their
piece of writing. I understand this is a required practice for the Bahasa Melayu
paper.It may work to your advantage for the Bahasa Melayu paper but not in an
English paper. Reading a piece of writing littered with such expressions devalues
the merits the piece of writing may have.
6. Poor punctuation.Some candidates do not punctuate their sentences correctly.
Make sure you end your sentence with a full stop and not a comma. Also, make
sure that the pronoun (I) is written in upper case and not lower case (i) as is the
practice among some candidates.
Speech/Talk
How to write a SpeechHere are some guidelines you should follow when giving a speech or a talk.Let’s look at a sample
question:You recently won the ‘Best Student Award’ in your school. You have been asked to give a talk during assembly
to share tips with the other students on what they need to do so that they too can become successful students.Use the
following notes to write your speech.

Suggestions:
• set goals
• be motivated
• pay attention
• ask questions
• be organised
• complete homework on time
• prepare well for exams
• take part in co-curricular activities
• obey school rules
• respect everyone
Avoid:
• wasting time
• skipping school

When writing your speech, you should remember to:

• address your audience
• state the purpose of the speech
• use all the points given
• end your speech appropriately
E.g
Introductory Paragraph:
1. address your audience
2. introduce yourself
3. state the purpose of your speech

Second Paragraph
1. point 1 (set goals)
2. point 2 (be motivated)
3. point 3 (pay attention)
4. point 4 (ask questions)

Third Paragraph
1. point 5 (be organised)
2. point 6(complete homework on time)
3. point 7 (prepare well for exams)

Fourth Paragraph
1. point 8 (take part in co-curricular activities)
2. point 9 (obey school rules)

Fifth Paragraph
1. point 10 (respect everyone)

Sixth Paragraph
1. point 11 (avoid wasting time)
2. point 12 (avoid skipping school)

Final Paragraph
1. conclude appropriately

Here is a sample answer.

A very good morning to our beloved principal, Pn Laila Mohd Noor, senior assistants, teachers and friends. On
this glorious morning, I, Gary Tan the recipient of this year’s “Best Student Award” am going to give a talk on “How to
Become a Successful Student”. In my speech, I am going to share with you some tips on how you can be a successful
student.If you want to be successful, you must set goals.
Research shows that people who set goals accomplish more than those who do not. In deciding your goals, ask yourself
“What do I want to be?” and “What do I do to get there?” Besides, you must be motivated. When you are motivated you will have
a strong desire to do well and to achieve your goals. In addition, you must pay attention in class. Listen actively and focus on
what the teacher is teaching. If you have disruptive classmates, sit in front of the classroom, away from them. Always ask
questions if you do not understand. Seek clarifications from your teachers or your friends if you are shy to approach the
former.Another important tip to being a successful student is to be organised.You can use a planner or notebook to write down
all your assignments when they are given. This way you will not forget your homework, dates of tests or projects. Remember, if
you are organised you will be well- prepared and you will have less stress.
Moreover, you must complete your homework on time. Homework helps reinforce what you have learnt. It helps you
understand and remember the information. You must prepare well for exams. A successful student is one who prepares for
exams well in advance, and not at the eleventh hour. If you study consistently, you will have ample time for revision.
Friends, to be a successful student you must have diverse interests.You should take part in co-curricular
activities in order to become a well-rounded person. These activities help develop leadership skills and teamwork
besides instilling values like cooperation and tolerance. Discipline is an important aspect of our lives. No matter where
you go or what you do, you will be subjected to rules and regulations. Hence, it is crucial that you obey the school
rules.
Dear friends, What is success if you lack the common courtesies in life? Remember,you must respect
everyone. You must respect your parents, your teachers, the school staff and also your friends. You must respect other
people’s feelings and opinions.There are also several things you must avoid if you want to be a successful
student. You must avoid wasting time. These days many teenagers spend hours on social networks such as Facebook
or playing computer games. These are a waste of time and will not benefit you in any way. Remember, ‘Time and tide
wait for no man’.
Also, avoid skipping school. Some students feel that school is a waste of time as they can learn better from
their tuition teachers. This is not true. The teachers in our school are experienced and well qualified. They are also
experienced examiners and they know how to impart knowledge effectively.I have to stop here. I hope you have found
my talk helpful. Thank you for listening attentively.

Report
How to write a report.Let us now look at report writing. Read the sample question below:
Your school recently organised a Leadership Camp for all presidents and secretaries of the various clubs in your
school. You are the Editor of the School Magazine. You, too, attended the camp and you have been asked to write a
report for the school magazine. In your report, include the following information:

Place: Perimbun Resort, Cheras

Date: 27-29th July
Participants: Presidents and secretaries of various clubs in school
Organised by: Co-curricular Unit
Objectives of the camp:
• to instil leadership qualities
• to improve teamwork
Facilitators: Youth leaders from local university
Activities: Day 1
• Briefing by facilitators
• Setting up tents
• Group activities
Day 2
• Morning exercise
• Survival skills
• Night hike
Day 3
• Feedback session

The above question requires you to write a report on a school activity. Below are two samples based on the same question.

Sample 1
Integrated Leadership Camp
The Co-curricular Unit of SMK Setia recently organised an Integrated Leadership Camp at Perimbun Resort, Cheras,
from 27-29th July. The objectives of the camp were to instil leadership qualities and improve teamwork among the 50
participants who attended this camp. The activities at the camp were handled by several youth leaders from a local
university. All participants, presidents and secretaries of the various clubs in school, had gathered at the school hall at
2pm. From there, they were taken to the campsite in two buses. They were accompanied by five teachers, including the
senior assistant of co-curricular affairs Puan Ng. Upon arrival at the campsite, they were given a briefing by the
facilitators. Then, they were put into groups and asked to set up tents. By 7pm, most of them had accomplished this
task successfully. After dinner, the participants had to engage in their first group activity. They were required to come
up with names and theme songs for their groups. The second day of the camp was much more hectic. The participants
had a rigorous exercise session which involved aerobics and jogging around the campsite. Then, after breakfast, they
had to display their survival skills. In the afternoon, the participants had another round of physical activities. They
engaged in canoeing in the nearby lake. The night programme was the most interesting. Participants had to take part
in a night hike. There was only one activity on the third day of the camp ? the feedback session. The participants rated
the programme highly and hoped that it would be held annually. The leadership camp was a huge success because all
participants showed tremendous support by actively participating in all the activities throughout the duration of the
camp.

Written by,
Ly LyTAN LY LY
Editor

Sample 2
 Integrated Leadership Camp

The weekend of 27-29th July this year will forever be etched in the minds of the 50 participants who attended the
Integrated Leadership Camp organised by the Co-curricular Unit of SMK Setia. The two-day two night camp, held at
Perimbun Resort, Cheras, some 20 miles away from the city centre, was a compulsory activity for all presidents and
secretaries of the various clubs in school. The objectives of the camp were to instil leadership qualities and improve
teamwork among participants. Although the students were accompanied by several teachers, all activities were
conducted by youth leaders from a local university. Most of the students, who are in Form Four this year, were very
excited throughout the 45-minute journey to the campsite. Upon arrival, they were immediately whisked off to the
seminar room where they were given a briefing on the rules and regulations at the campsite by the facilitators. Then,
they were put into groups of five and asked to erect their own tents. Luckily for my group, we had the President of the
Scouts Club with us. In no time, he had instructed us on how to put up the tent. Unfortunately, some of the other
groups were struggling with their tents and seeing their dismal efforts some of us decided to help them. Apparently,
this was the first test of our teamwork skills and fortunately, many of us passed with flying colours. After dinner, we
had a group dynamics activity, where we had to come up with names, logos and jingles for our groups. Well, with
names like the Flying Potters and Forever Dumbledores, and jingles ranging from pop rock to jazz, the students of SMK
Setia proved that they are indeed a creative lot. The second day of the camp started off with an early morning exercise
session at 5.30am. The two energetic facilitators, Tim and Ashraf, took us through a rigorous exercise routine. Many of
us who barely exercise knew what to expect over the next few days ? muscle cramps. After the one-hour aerobic
session, we jogged through Perimbun town, which was a pale shadow of its daytime hustle and bustle. The early
morning exercise was invigorating and refreshing. We had enough time for a quick shower and breakfast, before we
took part in more group activities. These activities were physically and mentally challenging. One of the activities was
basic survival skills. We had to start our own fires with only two matchsticks and cook lunch for the group members.
Using water from the slightly muddy stream nearby, we had to cook not only rice but also fish and vegetables. As no
soap was made available to us, we learnt to wash the cooking utensils using ash. Later in the afternoon, we had
activities like flying fox and abseiling. Through these activities, we learnt to trust each other and to give moral support
when it is most needed. The highlight of the camp was a night hike in the surrounding jungle. The facilitators led us
deep into the jungle and made us sit all by ourselves. The half hour spent alone was aimed at making us brave and
resilient. Though many of us were initially hesitant and sceptical about this activity, it was indeed an insightful
experience. On the final morning, we had a hearty breakfast, which was followed by a feedback session. During this
session, we were given the opportunity to voice our feelings and opinions regarding the camp. Many of the participants
gave constructive feedback on what the camp had taught them. We learnt about the importance of teamwork,
consideration, tolerance and understanding. Most importantly, we learnt that good leadership is responsible
leadership.

Reported by,
Ly LyTAN LY LY
Editor

General guidelines to remember when writing a report:

• Address it to the person concerned.

• Use the points given in a systematic manner – use transition markers to enable your audience to follow the flow of your
thoughts.

• Elaborate on your points with examples or illustrations.

• Conclude your report in an appropriate manner.

• Maintain a formal yet pleasant/polite tone.

Informal Letter
Formats for Informal Letter in the Malaysian school system:

Students are taught to:

• include the writer’s address and date in the upper right hand corner. The date can be written in different forms. (7th
September 2009, 7 SEPTEMBER 2009 or 7.9.2009)
• use the most common salutation. (Dear John)
• indent paragraphs.
• include a suitable complimentary close. (Your loving daughter)
• Do not use ‘Regards’ as it is considered slightly more formal and distant.
• Also, do not use ‘Best Wishes’ as this is considered inappropriate.
• use proper punctuation. For example, a comma should be used after the salutation and complimentary close.
• use capitalisation where necessary. For example, the month of the date (10 January 2009), the salutation (Dear Maria)

Under normal circumstances, it is perfectly acceptable to use informal language (e.g. stuff, jam-packed) and contractions (I’ll,
won’t) in an informal letter, but this is usually not acceptable in the local examination system.

Let’s look at some important aspects of an informal letter.

1. Organisation

Paragraph 1 – include formalities; give reason for writing the letter.

Paragraph 2 onwards – depends on the reason for writing the letter. If

your reason is to tell the recipient about your holiday, then you will
include details of the holiday.

The last paragraph – you can give a reason why you have to stop
writing such as:

I am sorry I have to stop here because it is getting late.

I am sorry I have to stop here because …

I have to stop now because …

Or you can simply end the letter in a number of appropriate ways as

shown in #3 below.

2. Some useful expressions on how to begin an informal letter

> I was pleasantly surprised to hear from you.

> Thank you for your letter. I was pleased to hear that you are in good
health.

> It was really nice hearing from you. I am glad that you like your new
school.

> I hope this letter finds you in the pink (of health).

> Thank you for the lovely birthday card.

3. Some useful expressions on how to end an informal letter

> I promise to write to you soon.

> I hope you will reply soon.

> Give my best wishes to your parents.

> I am looking forward to seeing you.

> I look forward to hearing from you.

> Do write and tell me how you are progressing.

Sample Question

Your younger sister, who is studying in a boarding school, has written to complain that she finds the compulsory co-
curricular activities very tiring. Write a letter to her to explain the benefits of co-curricular activities.

Use the notes given below to write your letter.

> help you become a better person

> instill discipline

> learn good values - cooperation

> respect for others

> develop leadership skills

> learn to organize activities

> provide opportunities - to develop social skills

> to take part in competitions

> keep you healthy

> get a good testimonial

When writing your letter, remember to include the following:

> your address

> a proper salutation/greeting

> a complimentary close

> all the notes given above

Sample answer 1

10, Jalan Mega Minang,

Taman Minang Sari,
68000 Ampang,
Selangor.

7th September 2009

Dear Lina,

It was lovely to hear from you. All of us miss you very much. Mum and Dad are glad that you are slowly adjusting to
life in a boarding school.

In your letter you complained about the compulsory co-curricular activities. Well, let me tell you that you can reap
many benefits through active participation in these activities. Firstly, the various co-curricular activities help you
become a better person (point 1). Participation in uniformed units, clubs and societies, sports and games will help you
discover your talents and develop your character. You will become a more confident and well-rounded person. The
strict rules and good behaviour expected of you as a member of a uniformed unit will instil discipline (point 2) in you.
This is important if you are to become a law-abiding citizen.

Besides, you will learn good values (point 3) through the various co-curricular activities. You will learn about the
importance ofcooperation (point 4) and respect for others (point 5). These values are very important in a multi-racial
society like ours.

You have always said that you admire great leaders like Nelson Mandela and Abraham Lincoln. Well, co-curricular
activities will certainly help you to develop leadership skills (point 6). There will be ample opportunities to enable you to
become a good leader. Besides learning how to plan events, you will learn to organise activities (point 7).Sometimes,
you might even have to handle a challenging situation and this will teach you how to make on-the-spot decisions.

More importantly, co-curricular activities provide you with many opportunities (point 8) to help you develop social
skills (point 9). As you know, a person with good social skills has an edge these days. Extra-curricular activities will
also provide you with opportunities to take part in competitions (point 10) at various levels. Schools usually select their
representatives for competitions at zone, state or national level by looking at their students’ performance in school-
level competitions.

These activities also keep you healthy (point 11). Who knows, you might finally shed your baby fat! Most
importantly, you will get a good testimonial (point 12) if you are active in co-curricular activities. This will definitely
boost your chances when applying for a scholarship or a job.

There is no need for you to worry that participation in these activities will affect your grades. On the contrary, it has
been proven that students who are actively involved usually do well academically.

I hope you will take the opportunities co-curricular activities provide to experience new things and discover your
strengths.

I have to stop here. I have to study for my trial examination, which is in two weeks’ time. Till I hear from you, take care.

Your loving sister,

Shuhada

==========================================================
The sample above is meant to show weak students how they can get marks for format and content.

Most of the sentences are simple sentences and the points are not elaborated. If you are a weak student, try to insert some
sentences to elaborate on the points given.

Remember when you write an informal letter:

> Do not use slang words.

> Do not use words which are in a language other than English. This
means you cannot write ‘Dear Abah’, or ‘Dear Amma’ even if that is how
you address your parents.
> Do not sign off with ‘Love and Kisses’. Keep that for your personal letters.
Formal Letter
Guidelines for Writing a Formal Letter:
· Your address should appear on the
· left-hand corner.

2. A horizontal line across the page separates your address from the recipient’s address.

3. Address of the person to whom you are writing

· The recipient’s address should bebelow your address.
· The postcode and name of the town should be underlined.

4. Date
· The date is written on the right along the same line as the last line of the
recipient’s address.
· The month should be spelt out (i.e. it should be in words, not numbers). It
must be written in full (do not use abbreviations such as Sept) and in
capital letters.

5. Salutation/Greeting
· If you know the name of the recipient, then do use his surname (Dear Mr
Tan)
· If you do not know the name of the person to whom you are writing, then
use Dear Sir or Madam

6. Subject heading
· The subject heading gives the reader an idea what the letter is about.
· Write the subject heading directly below the salutation and it should be underlined

7. The body of the letter

· The body of the letter refers to the contents of your letter.
· It should be divided into short and clear paragraphs.
· All paragraphs should be numbered except for the first and last
paragraphs.

a. In the first paragraph, you should state the reason for writing (whether it is to inform, to complain, to invite etc).
b. From the second paragraph onwards, you should include information that is deemed necessary, depending on what you are
writing about.The number of paragraphs depends on what you are writing.

c. In the last paragraph, state what you expect from the recipient. This is usually in the form of an action or response. It is a
common practice to end a formal letter with phrases such as I look forward to hearing from you or I hope prompt action will be
taken to solve this problem.A note of thanks is usually included

· Remember to organise the information in a clear and logical manner.

· Also, do not write lengthy paragraphs.

8. Ending
· You can end the letter by writing “Yours faithfully”.
· In practice, we usually use “Yours
· sincerely”, if we know the recipient but for exam purposes I would advise
you to use only “Yours faithfully”.

9. Signature
Do not forget to sign the letter and write your name below it in capital letters with in brackets.
Sample question:

You are the Secretary of the Residents’ Association in your housing estate. Write a letter to the director of the local
municipal council to complain about the problems you and the other residents are facing.

In your letter, include the details below:

• rubbish not collected
• causes terrible stench
• stray cats and dogs scatter rubbish
• clogged drains
• breeding ground for mosquitoes
• increase in cases of dengue fever
• street lights not working
• cause accidents at night
• increase in crimeplayground not well- maintained
• overgrown grass
• playground equipment damaged
When writing your letter, you should remember to:
• set it out in the correct format
• include all the points given
• address the letter to the director of the local municipal council

Rajvind Gill,
10, Jalan Jujur,
Taman Jayadiri,
68000 Ampang,
Selangor
______________________________________________________________________________________________________

The Director,
Ampang Jaya Municipal Council,
Bangunan Mentari,
Ampang Jaya,
68000
SELANGOR.

15 SEPTEMBER 2009

Dear Sir,

Poor Maintenance of Taman Jayadiri

I am writing this letter on behalf of the residents of Taman Jayadiri to complain about the dismal conditions we have
been putting up with for the past three months.

2. One of the main grouses of the residents concerns uncollected rubbish (point 1). Initially, rubbish was collected three
times a week. However, since June this year the garbage collectors have only been coming once a week. Our litter bins
are always filled to the brim and we have no choice but to leave our bags of rubbish next to the bins. The rotting
waste causes a terrible stench (point 2). Worse still, stray cats and dogs scatter the rubbish (point 3) while looking for
food. This is not only unpleasant but also unhealthy.

3. Most of the drains in Taman Jayadiri are clogged (point 4) with rubbish resulting in the water becoming stagnant. It is
not uncommon to see plastic bags, bottles and dry leaves in these drains. There is an urgent need to clear these drains
as the stagnant water is an idealbreeding ground for mosquitoes (point 5). The residents are worried as there has been
a sharp increase in dengue cases (point 6) in the last two months.

4. The street lights along several roads are also not working (point 7). This has caused several accidents at night (point
8), mostly involving motorcyclists as they are unable to see in the dark. Unfortunately, the dark streets have also led to
another problem – an increase in crime (point 9). Several residents, especially women, have fallen victim to snatch
thieves.
5. The one and only playground in our area is also not well-maintained (point 10). The grass is overgrown (point 11) as it
has not been cut for almost three months. Besides, the playground equipment is damaged (point 12). Many of the see-
saws and swings have been spoiled by vandals.

I hope the council will look into our complaints and take prompt action to solve our problems.

Thank you.

Yours faithfully,

RajvindGill
(RAJVIND GILL)
CONTINUOUS WRITING

What is Continuous Writing?

Continuous writing is a type of writing that differs from directed writing. It requires the you to write an essay based on their
experiences, thoughts, or reflections. The continuous writing section, like directed writing, in Paper Two of the SPM English
paper is also compulsory and carries 50 marks. Unlike directed writing, however, you have a choice where five topics are given
and you only need to select one. These topics can be classified in following ways:

1. narrative

2. descriptive

3. argumentative

4. expository/factual

5. one-word essays (For example: “Water”)

Examples of continuous essay writing:

a) Write a story ending with "After that, I decided to take my breakfast every morning."
b) Describe the most wonderful moment of your childhood.
c) Modern technology is a threat to our lives. Discuss.
d) Health

Tips in writing continuous essay writing:

1. Choose the topic that you prefer most.

2. Brainstorm your ideas (allocate 10-15 minutes).
3. Organize and outline your essay.
4. Start writing the essay - introduction, body, and conclusion.
5. Proof read and edit your essay!

Exercise - Continuous Writing

Exercise 1
Based on the video below, write an essay of not more than 350 words.
(Don't forget to include your title)

Exercise 2

Choose any one of the topic below and write your essay not more than 350 words.
1) My family
2) Water Pollution
3) Air Pollution
4) Computer brings harm to our lives. Discuss.
5) Mobile phone is a must in our lives. Discuss.
6) An unforgettable memory.
7) The most precious moment in my life.
8) The person I admire most in my life.
9) Write your essay with the beginning "I heard footsteps coming from the kitchen..."
10) Write your essay ending with "I was glad that I listened to my mother."
11) Peer pressure and how to handle it.
SPM SAMPLE OF ESSAYS - CONTINUOUS WRITING

SECTION B: CONTINUOUS WRITING: 50 MARKS

CONTINOUS: ARTICLE: Description on a Person

A Prominent Malaysian Leader

As the fourth and most dynamic Prime Minister of Malaysia, Tun Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad will indelible impression on
the sands of Malaysia for many years to come. He held the post for 22 years from 1981 to 2003, making him Malaysia's longest-
serving Prime Minister, and one of the longest-serving leaders in Asia.
Born on 20th December, 1925 in Alor Setar, Dr. Mahathir is the son of a teacher. He is the youngest of nine children of a
school teacher and a housewife. His father, Mohamad Iskandar, was of Indian descent, being the son of a Muslim and a Malay
mother, while Mahathir's own mother, Datin Wan Tempawan Wan Hanafi, was Malay . He is married to Tun Dr. Siti Hasmah binti
Haji Mohamad Ali, they have seven children, four sons and three daughters. From an early age, Tun Mahathir had the
importance of education drummed into him by his father, who was also a strict disciplinarian.
After his early education at the Maktab Sultan Abdul Hamid in Alor Setar, he enrolled at the King Edward VII College of
Medicine in the University of Singapore. Armed with a MBBS degree in medicine, he set up his own clinic, the Maha Clinic in Alor
Setar. As a doctor, Tun Mahathir came into close contact with people from variety of social strata and enjoyed a close rapport
with them. He understood their problems. Thus, when he was thrust into the politic limelight, he strove to fulfil the needs of the
people.
He was first catapulted into the world of politics when he became the Member of Parliement for Alor Setar in 1964. After
holding a number of portfolios, including Minister of Education, Minister of Trade and Industry and Deputy Prime Minister, he
finally became the Prime Minister on 16th July, 1981. The country flourished with Dr. Mahathir at the helm of the government.
His contributions to the nation are so immense and par excellence. He has left his mark in every aspect – in politics, economy or
education.
Realizing that government-owned enterprises are neither efficient nor profitable, he initiated the privation policy in 1983.
This had immediate effect of cutting down bureaucratic ineptitude and operational cost while at the same time generating more
revenue.
With collapse of the prices of agricultural commodities in the eighties, Tun Mahathir decided that it was time to shift the
nation’s focus to more profitable areas. Thus, he started the industrialization programme. Reputed as the country’s top salesman,
he showcased Malaysia to investors abroad in a bid to woo them. As a result of the heavy industrialization drive, major projects
like national car project or PROTON and the steel company, PERWAJA, together with other mega project were launched one
after another. Next, realizing that industrialization would require a good infrastructure, he set about improving it. The Mahathir era
saw a successful completion of the North-South Highway, the East-West Highway, the Multimedia Super Corridor, the Kuala
Lumpur International Airport in Sepang and many more.
An astute politician, he charted the growth of the country’s progress from the day he took office. He envisages that
Malaysia can only attain the status of a fully developed country if it becomes an industrialization one and this ambition has been
his main agenda during his tenure. With this in mind, he announced Vision 2020, his most ambitious vision.
Frank and outspoken by nature, Tun Mahathir speak without fear nor favour. This has been the hallmark of thus much
respected statesman. The inefficiency of local and international organizations has always come under his scrutiny and critism.
It has been almost two decades since Tun Mahathir took over reins of the government. It has undoubtedly been the
golden era for Malaysia with many notable achievements.

630 words
CONTINOUS: ARTICLE: Description on Places
The Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA)
Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA) is one of Asia's major aviation hubs and is a destination in itself. It is located at
the top of the southern corridor of Peninsular Malaysia, bordering the states of Selangor and Negeri Sembilan. It is situated in the
Sepang district, approximately 50 km from the capital city, Kuala Lumpur. This RM 9 billion airport was opened by his majesty,
the Yang Di-Pertuan Agong Tuanku Jaafar on June 27, 1998. The airport which covers 10 000 hectares of land took less than 5
years to build. It has a capacity to handle 25 million passengers and 1.2 million tonnes of cargo annually.
Despite its mammoth size, it is user-friendly and as our former Prime Minister, Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad pointed out, it
is not just an airport but a piece of art delicates to beauty as well as the environment. It is often described as the “airport in the
forest, forest in the airport” because it is a futuristic structure set in rainforest landscaping. Lush tropical forests, with its diverse
and exotic flora, skirt the entire airport structure.
The control tower, standing at 130 metres, is one the tallest in the world. The colourful flora and the cascading waterfalls
are part of spectacular and breathtaking sight which can be viewed from the Super View Corridor. Moving through the airport
complex provides the visitor with glimpses of different forest – highlands, swamp, bamboo and multicoloured flora.
The five-level Main Terminal building which is 241 000 squares metres, is located right at the heart of the airport complex.
The building with its futuristic design of glass and steel is both the entry and exit point of passengers. On the top of the building is
the departure concourse, and other facilities such as foreign exchange counters and international telephone facilities.
The Satellite Building where passengers make connections to other international flights is linked to the Main International
Building by an automated train shuttle. The Satellite Building houses lounges, prayers rooms, duty free shops and a 80-room
hotel for transit passengers.
The KLIA will be the country’s nucleus that will spearhead business and trade. It is expected to provide 30 000 jobs and
reap economic benefits for the country. The successful completion of the airport well ahead of schedule reflects the ability of
Malaysians to build a world-class airport that has become the pride of the country.

397 words

CONTINOUS: Descriptive - Description of a Scene

A Road Accident

Road accidents are reported in newspaper and on television every day. There are more frequently caused by reckless
drivers rather than faulty vehicles. Last Saturday, while I was travelling from Ipoh, I witnessed a serious accident. The scene of
the accidents was vivid in my mind.
A motorcyclist was following behind was taxi very closely. He was so impatient that he was trying to overtake my taxi
even near a sharp bend. At that critical moment, there was an oncoming car. The taxi driver swerved to the roadside and I got a
terrible jolt. It was too late for the motorcyclist to avoid the car. His motorcycle ran against the bumper of the car and smashed its
windscreen. The motorcyclist somersaulted over the car and was found lying in a pool of blood. It was a scene to chill the flesh!
The car driver, who was cut by the flying glass, was in a state of shock. All that happened in split second and fear overwhelmed
us.
The taxi driver stopped his taxi and I quickly ran to the nearest to the nearest telephone booth to inform the police and the
hospital. From a distance I could see some people trying to help the injured motorcyclist and the car driver. They carried them
into one of the onlooker’s car and sent them to the hospital for treatment. Meanwhile the taxi driver tried to control and directs the
traffic. Soon the police arrived and they promptly took some measurements and evidence. After that they moved the damaged
car and the motorcycle to the roadside to ease the traffic congestion. They also took down the evidence provided by witnesses
and onlookers. Some sweepers were clearing the debris and the blood stains on the road.
When the taxi finally continued the journey, I silently thanked God for my narrow escape. I learned a good lesson that
impatience and recklessness would bring harm and danger. I was happy to see that Malaysians are public-spirited and they
render help to others readily. Since then I remember and follow the saying ‘more haste less speed’ and ‘prevention is better than
cure’. I believe good road manners and roads safety campaigns can help to reduce the number of road accidents which cause
injuries, loss and lives and properties.

381 words
CONTINUOUS: NARRATIVE WRITING – Title Given

My Most Embarrassing Situation

Everyone has been embarrassed at one time or another. It is that moment in time when you wish the earth would open
up and swallow you. The anxiety and discomfort felt during that time which may only last a few seconds feels like time has stood
still.
I remember so well when I had my most embarrassing moment. I was in Form 4 and it was during the school recess. The
minute the bell rang for recess, I rushed to the toilet because I had been controlling my urges since class started. I didn’t want to
miss class because the lesson taught that morning was to include tips for the forthcoming examination.
Without realising, I had rushed to the girls’ toilet. The prolonged control and an upset stomach made worse by two
glasses of cold milk in the morning made me grunt and groan in what I thought in what I thought was the privacy of the cubicle. I
thought I heard giggling outside and wondered why the giggles sounded unusually near. A few minutes later I came out the
cubicle and discovered my horror that I had entered the girls’ toilet. To make matters worse, the few girls standing outside didn’t
even turn away when I came out. Instead they looked down at me, then only they turned quickly away. Horror of horrors, I had
forgotten to zip up! No beetroot could have matched the colour of my face at this point in time!
They news of my predicament spread like wild fire throughout school. I was truly the talk of the town. I felt like I could
either walk around feeling perpetually self-conscious and embarrassed or I could turn the situation round, perhaps even to my
advantage. I remembered my mother’s words that ‘if you can’t beat them, join them’. So I decided to make fun of myself, to laugh
at myself too. It works. Everyone got bored after a while and nobody teased me after that.
It was indeed an eye-opening experience for me. I have learnt that when people laugh at you, you should laugh along.
You must not take yourself seriously. Learn to look at yourself through other people’s eyes and you will realise that most of the
time when they laugh at you, they just want to have some fun. They mean no harm. If you can make people laugh, it’s like
bringing sunshine into their lives and as someone said, ‘those who bring sunshine to the lives of others cannot keep it from
themselves.’

421 words

CONTINUOUS: NARRATIVE WRITING – With a starting phrase

Write a story starting with: “The widow had to work hard to bring up her little son alone...”

The widow had to work hard to bring up her little son alone. This was after her husband’s early death. She and her son
lived in a wooden house. It was a small house with only one bedroom and a kitchen.
Mariam wanted Sam to study hard to get good result. So she would not let Sam help her do any household chores or
wash his own clothes. The years flew by. Sam sat for his SPM examination and pass with flying colours.
His mother was very happy. She went round telling her friends, “My Sam will be leaving for the city to study in a college.
He will become a Manager one day. I’ll move to live with him in the city. Then, my struggle is worth it.”
So Mariam continued to work hard to send money to Sam who was studying a business degree. For Mariam, it was a
tough life. Meanwhile, Sam kept on phoning home to ask for more money. Mariam even had to borrow from her neighbours and
friends to send her son the money.
Three years Sam stopped calling home. He did not even let his mother where he was. When she phoned the faculty, they
told her that he had graduated and left for job. However, they could not her more. Mariam was baffled. Where was Sam? She
was so sure he would come back and fetch her for city. So, she started to pack some of her bags and boxes.
Three months later, there was still no news or call from Sam. One day, Mariam’s niece, Kate, came to talk to her about
Sam. She told her aunt, “Auntie, a friend of mine met Sam in a bank. He’s the branch manager. This is his address.”
Early in the morning, Mariam took the first bus to the city. At the bus station, she took a taxi and showed the taxi driver
the bank address. On the way there, she told the driver about Sam and what a filial son he was.
The driver stopped his taxi in front of a tall building. She got out of the taxi and smiled at him happily. This was the
moment she was going to meet Sam. She imagined him showing surprise and delight at meeting his mother. Inside the building,
a security guard asked her who she was looking for. She told the guard Sam’s name.
The bank staff saw an old lady holding a worn-out handbag. They were wondering, “Who is this woman? Why is she
asking for our manager?”
Meanwhile, Sam pretended he did not know his mother. Feeling disgusted and ashamed, he asked the security guard to
ask her to leave. Mariam was shocked to hear that! She looked Sam in a disappointed feeling ever, and ran out of the bank.
Back in her house, Mariam cried the whole night. She cried and cried till she had no more tears. The next morning, she
was sitting by the window with Sam’s photo on her lap. She saw him walking towards their house. Soon she was shouting and
crying, “My Sam is back! My Sam is back!”
Sam ran towards her and hugged Mariam as he never let go. He was so sorry and regretted the way he behaved. His
colleagues were the one who made him realized his big mistakes neglected his mother.
The neighbours heard her. They too shouted and cheered, feeling happy for her.

574 words.
CONTINUOUS: NARRATIVE WRITING: With an ending

Write a story ending with “... En. Nizam was grateful he had such good neighbours.”

Not even in his wildest dream did En. Nizam think he would lose so much in such a short time. It had been a trying
period. When he got word that his father was on his death bed, En. Nizam’s family rushed to his hometown. Even before the
funeral rites were over, he received a call from his immediate neighbour that his house was partly destroyed by fire and that the
cause of the fire was believed to be arson.
Members of En. Nizam’s immediate family and his relatives were in state of disarray. First, it was the death of an elder
member of a family, then this misfortune. Although En. Nizam was worried, deep in his heart he knew that he had very good
neighbours, friends who would stand by him in good times and bad.
Sure enough, the minute he set foot in the compound of his house, he knew he was right. His neighbours, Mr. Subra and
En. Majid, were there taking a close watch on the house. He learnt from them that the neighbours had been taking turns to keep
an all-day vigil on the house. He thanked them from the bottom of his heart.
After inspecting the damage caused by the fire, En. Majid handed donations collected by the residents living in the area.
His neighbours had passed the hat around and the donations came up to a significant amount. Although, the donations was still
short of the amount required to repair the damages, en. Nazim was grateful.
The next day, En. Nazim was even more overwhelmed by the care and concern shown by his neighbours. They were
there to extend their condolences and to show their support. Donations came pouring in. The women folk were busy preparing all
the meals for the family.
With the help of his neighbours, En. Nizam got a building contractor to repair the damaged sections of the house. The
repair and renovations took almost a week to complete. When the house was ready, the neighbour turned up in full force to
congratulate him.
Tears welled up in E. Nizam’s eyes. He was at a loss for words. En. Nizam was grateful he had such good neighbours.

367 words

CONTINUOUS: ARGUMENTATIVE
Which do you prefer, living in the countryside or living in the city?
Countryside
I think living in the countryside is far better than living in the city. There are numerous of reasons why living in countryside
is the better than the city. The scenery, the streets, the people and the paced are totally different compare to the city.
The first outstanding characteristic about the countryside is that it is beautiful and peaceful. The air is fresh and the
surroundings green. This is because the countryside is free from pollution, be it air, land or noise pollution. There no such perfect
peaceful view that you can see other than in the countryside.
There are no crowded streets and heavy traffic in the countryside. Thus there are no fumes from cars and smoke from
factories buildings to pollute the air. The trees surrounded the countryside help the people from inhaling the polluted air. The
freshness smell of plant somehow helps the people of the countryside to have a healthy life.
Furthermore, people in the countryside are more conscious of keeping their surroundings clean and so there is little
throwing of rubbish everywhere, only at designated places. This is unlike the cities where if the garbage trucks do not collect the
rubbish disposed by household or restaurants, the city will be overflowing with rubbish! This will attract the mosquitoes, fly, rats
and wild dogs to pollute their surrounding that will cause them to have diseases like dengue and cholera.
Thirdly, heavy traffic and crowded streets increase the level of noise pollution. The honking of cars in the streets is
continuous and the crowds on the roads increase the hub of activity. There are also sound of the machine used in manufacturing
factories, loud radio in and out the mall. These add to the noise of the city. Even if one lives in residential areas, one is never far
from busy streets.
However, in the countryside, life is slow-paced. There is no need to rush around because there are not too many places
to go. Most places are close by and people can walk or cycle. Less vehicle used, so less fumes is released.
The most heart-warming thing about the countryside is the attitude of people. People are friendly and helpful. If there are
any happy or festive occasions, everyone pitches in to help. This feeling of cooperation and neighbourliness is what separates
the countryside from the city.
In the city, people are too busy to take note of the people around. Some hardly even know their neighbours. So they
would not even be bothered about what happens to people around. This is why the crime rate is increasing in the city because
bystanders do not rush in to help if a crime is committed on the streets.
The pace of life in the countryside is slow so people have more time to enjoy life as the day goes on. Thus, for me to
enjoy the quality of life, I prefer to live in the countryside.

489 words
City

In my opinion, one has not experienced life until one has lived in the city. There is so much to see and experience in the
bright lights of the city that you cannot get in the countryside. Here in the city, you can learn about how to get along with people
of different types, encounter varied situations and solve problems. All these help a person to grow in maturity. After all,
experience is the best teacher.
In the countryside, however, you only move around people you are used to. So, you seldom encounter strangers or new
and demanding situations. Life is more mundane and routine-like. Staying in a secure, safe place does not allow for one to gain
new experiences and grow in maturity.
Furthermore, young people need a life that is exciting and pleasurable. It is the city that offers you entertainment-
cinemas, parks and eating places. Here you can hang out with friends and family members. Life as fast-paced and this keeps
you active and alert all times. And when it comes to educational opportunities, the city abounds in this. There are good school
and libraries that are necessary for your mental development. Furthermore, there are places like museums and educational
centres where you can go, to increase your knowledge.
Such places that offer you entertainment or learning opportunities are of course not available in the countryside. For
entertainment, there is only the occasional festive celebration or marriage feast or fishing outing. Some may find this appealing
but not me. Moreover, opportunities to widen your knowledge are limited in the countryside.
Another point in support of living in the city is the available of jobs. In the city, you can find a job that suits your
qualification or interest. If you find a job unsuitable, you can always move to another. This, naturally, increases your earning
power and you have better chances of a more comfortable life. Of course, one may argue that one can live in the countryside
and work in the city but this will only incur extra expenses and unnecessary inconveniences.
Thus, for all the reasons mentioned above, I think that life in the city is better than living in the countryside. After all, you
are young only once.

374 words
CONTINUOUS: EXPOSITORY

Social Networking Website

A large number of internet users have joined social networking websites. A social network service is an online service,
platform, or site that focuses on building and reflecting of social networks or social relations among people. For example is for
those who wants to share interests and, or activities. A social network service essentially consists of a representation of each
user which known often as a profile, his or her social links, and a variety of additional services.
Most social network services are web based and provide means for users to interact over the internet, such as e-mail
and instant messaging. Online community services are sometimes considered as a social network service. In a broader sense,
social network service usually means an individual-centered service whereas online community services are group-centered.
Social networking sites allow users to share ideas, activities, events, and interests within their individual networks.
In the last five years, they have been growing up more and more popular. This increase in their popularity has led to a
large number of members.
One of the many reasons why Yahoo!, MySpace and Facebook social networking websites have increased in popularity
is due to the fact that they cover a wide variety of different topics, issues and interest. They do not just focus on one particular
group of individuals or one particular issue. Their policy is to invite as many types of internet users to join as possible. By this, it
gives members a wide selection of online friends to choose from.
If you are looking to join a social networking website that is more focused on creating friendships or partnerships
between internet users preferable with the same interests, then you will want to focus on social networking websites. They have
a particular focus. The prevalent websites focus on important issues, topics and hobbies, such as pet owners, religion travel and
others. So before you join, think of an issue you are interested in and sign up for the website that focuses on that issue.
What really sets them apart from other websites? What is so special about them? These are questions which have been
asked by many who show interest in joining. Primarily, it is the community. As mentioned, such social networking sites tend to
focus on a particular topic, issue or hobby. This means that if you are a keen traveller and you would like to speak to other keen
travellers, you will want to join a traveller’s networking sites.
The difference between these social networking sites and traditional ones is that you will automatically be paired with
hundreds, if not thousands, of other internet users who share the same interests, views or beliefs as you. This is a big bonus to
the members.
Another benefit to joining the social networking website is that you are, in a way, safer than those who are members of
other networks. Most of them require activation before joining the site. Before activation can occur, many users are required to
state their reasons for wanting to join the network or they may be required to fill out a small questionnaire pertaining to determine
whether or not they have a genuine interest in the topic focused on by the network in question. By pairing you with a group of
individuals who share the same beliefs, views and interests as you do is advantageous to members. It means that you do not
have to spend hours researching a person or speaking to them just to learn what they are or are not interested in. Therefore, this
enables you to jump right in and start making friends, almost as soon as you are granted access to the site that you have
chosen. This service gives the social networking websites a great edge over other websites.

629 words
CONTINUOUS: ONE-WORD ESSAY

Pollution

Pollution is an issue of concern in the modern world that we live in today. There are many types of pollution, namely air,
water and noise. Pollution in our environment will undoubtedly affect our quality of life. Our naturally beautiful world becoming
ugly because it is suffering from the effects of environmental pollution. Pollution can also cause various health problems and
other negative effects.
Air pollution is caused by the emission of toxic gases from vehicles, factories and open burning. Nowadays, there are
more and more vehicles on the road as society gets more affluent. More and more people strive to have a better quality of life by
having the convenience of driving to their destinations instead of taking public transportation. Automobiles provides transport to
millions people around the world to enable them to travel to their workplace, school and other places, therefore, the air around us
is getting more polluted by the carbon dioxide that is emitted. Carbon monoxide is another type of gas which harmful to the
environment as it can cause the reduction of oxygen in the bloodstream.
Another example of contributor to the air pollution is the manufacturing factories. The manufacturing of products in
factories to meet the growing demand of society is also causing air pollution. Factories release toxic gases to the environment.
Some factories also use coal to generate heat and energy. As a result from the burning of coal, carbon dioxide is released into
the environment.
Besides factories, many people are still practising open burning as a way of disposing their household wastes. Although
burning our household wastes is a convenient way of getting rid of our rubbish, it is harmful to the environment as it contributes
to the worsening of the air quality. As a result, air pollution causes people to suffer from health problems such as chest pain and
asthma. In extreme cases, people can contract lung cancer.
Water pollution is also a problem that we are currently facing. The marine life is the first to suffer from water pollution as
they depend on the nutrients in the water to survive. As a result, we are robbed of beautiful sea corals and unique species of
fishes. Besides ruining our marine heritage, the disappearance of marine life will affect the livelihood of fishermen, not to mention
our source of food. Water pollution is caused by harmful waster from industries, farms and sewerage systems which are dumped
into our sources of water such as rivers and lakes. This irresponsible act contaminates our drinking water and can cause serious
health problems and can even culminate in death.
Noise pollution is another form of pollution. Noise from heavy machinery and vehicles can cause hearing problems and in
extreme cases, deafness. As there is growing number of vehicles on the road, we are exposed to noise pollution every day. The
government in advanced countries encourage their citizens to take the public buses and trains by providing an affordable and
efficient transportation system. This effort discourages people from driving their private vehicles and consequently reduces the
number of vehicles on the road.
We must work together to reduce pollution so that the future generations can live in a healthy, unpolluted environment. As
the saying goes, precaution is better than cure. Lets hands on hands together by recycle and conserve the world for the better
future.

558 words
SPM SAMPLE OF ESSAYS - DIRECTED WRITING
DIRECTED WRITING: 35 MARKS

DIRECTED: ARTICLE: Factual

You are concerned over the implications and long-term health effects of the haze. Write an article to the local newspaper
expressing your concern based on all the notes below.

 the reasons behind the haze

 role of government and society
 steps that can be taken
 give relevant examples of:
- health complications
- measures
- roles of government and individuals

When writing the article you should remember:

- to lay out the letter carefully
- to use paragraphs
- that you letter is to the press

Haze: A Danger to Health

The haze is a constant phenomenon faced by Malaysia and her neighbouring countries. The haze is basically pollution of
atmosphere, which is clogged with pollutants and other substances from forest fires.
The haze is a direct effect of forest fire in Kalimantan and other parts of Indonesia due to slash and burn method of
farming. The Indonesian authorities appear to have no power to control farmers from practising such methods. The haze is
further worsened by open burning practised by most Malaysians. Open-field burning of rice straw by the rice planters and open
burning of dried leaves and garbage done by the public are a few examples that done by Malaysian. Many are ignorant of the
health effects of open burning.
During the haze, hospitals and clinic often report a dramatic increase in respiratory problems, lung infections and asthma
attack. The Air Pollution Index (API) usually indicates the hazardous and dangerous levels of pollution during this period. The
haze has long-term side effects. Prolonged inhalation of polluted air will result in serious lung infection which particularly affects
the elderly.
The government must play its role to reduce the haze treat. It has to cooperate with the Indonesian authorities to stamp
out forest fires. The culprits must be brought to justice, either through healthy fine or prison sentence. Constant vigilance would
ensure the perpetrators do not repeat their offence.
The government should also raise the public awareness of the dangers of forest fire. Continuous campaign of the cause,
solutions and steps-need-to-be-taken to reduce the haze need to be promoted through all types of social media like television,
radio, newspaper and even via internet. The authorities should also provide assistance to farmers and introduce more
sophisticated forest clearing methods.
In Malaysia, strict laws must be imposed to penalise those who practise open burning. On-going campaigns on the
dangers of open burning should be intensified. Individuals too have a role to play. They must participate in every campaign and
stop burning. Students can advise their parents not to practice open burning.
Every individual has to remember that we do not own the world, but instead we lent it from our future generations. We
must protect our world so that our grandchildren woulh have a healthy earth to live.

Ahmad Harun bin Hashim

Seremban, Negeri Sembilan

375 words
From: Penilaian Topik Vista SPM/Sasbadi/2009
ARTICLE: Article for School Magazine / Newsletter

In spite of government’s clear call to students to study English well, many students still show very little interest in studying the
language. As Chairperson of the English Language Society, you are going to try to persuade the students to study the language
by writing an article in the school newsletter. In the article you have to tell the students the importance of studying the language.
Your article is given in the point form below:
 will help you to further your studies
 will help you to get a job
 will help you in your job
 will help you in your travels
 will help you to enjoy many interesting programmes in television
 will help you to appreciate many of the world’s most beautiful literary works

The Importance of Studying English

It is a big concerned for teenagers nowadays as they are unaware of the importance of English language as they tend to
ignore to learn the language. Students’ attitude towards the language is also crucial to make sure that these teenagers can face
the future world better by learning English language as it is an international language.
Although the government has repeatedly told us of the importance of English, many students are still not bothered about
studying it seriously. There is also a campaign that still on to make all the Malaysian becomes a better English learner, which is
‘Enhance Proficiency in Bahasa Malaysia, Strengthen the English’. English is the most important and the most useful language in
the world today. There are many reasons why you should study the language properly.
First and foremost, English will definitely help you a lot when you want to further studies. Almost all books at university
are written in English in all subjects. Plus, it is a compulsory for any candidate to pass English with credit before entering any
universities. So, if you are poor in English, you will blow you chance for better education or worse, you are going to have a big
problem studying at university.
The second reason why you have to study English well is that it will help you to get a job. When you go for a job
interview, the interviewer will surely talk to you in English. The first impression you should give in order to success and have the
job is, to respond in English fluently. Your chances of getting the job are very slim if you stutter while interviewing.
A good command in of English will also help you greatly in your job. If the company you work is actively involved in
international trade, you have to speak to prospective customers in English. Miscommunication might occur if your English is bad.
And this will put your company at risk and you will likely be dismissed if this happen.
Good English will also help you a lot when you travel. Every country in the world studies English. Even the roadside stall-
holders in China speak fairly good English! At least some of the people you meet on your travels in other countries can
understand English. The language is certainly practical when you are lost in your trip. Communication problem will not happen if
you can converse well in English. Inevitably, English is one of the languages used in any airport in the world in making
announcement. Knowing English well, therefore, make travelling overseas easier.
Besides all these, entertainment is one of the major advantages you will experience if you good in English. You will enjoy
television’s best programmes. We must admit that many of the best programmes are produced by the Americans and British
companies. High self confidence influenced by the programmes will indirect inculcate in yourself when you are fluent in the
language. Quality time is worthily spent if you understand and enjoy the programmes.
Based from all the above elaboration, I hope that students will see the importance and realise how importance the
language is for their own future. Although it is a second language in our country, it is now a main language all over the world.
544 words
DIRECTED: ARTICLE / REPORT: Newspaper Article / Report
There has been an attempted robbery in your area. As a newspaper reporter, you have been assigned to write a report of the
incident for publication in a local newspaper. Using the notes below, write out your report.

 couple – taking a walk

 two men approached them
 ordered couple to give jewellery
 a struggle – husband injured
 one neighbour – taking a dog for a walk
 heard shouts – went to investigate
 robbers saw dog – fled
 couple made police report

Couple Foils Robbery Attempt

PULAU PINANG, Thu – An elderly businessman and his wife foiled a robbery attempt by two men armed with a screwdriver and
a knife. The victims were reported safe from any bad injury.
Tan Ah Wok, 60 and his wife were taking a morning walk near their home in Helen Heights yesterday when two men on a
motorcycle stopped them under the pretext of asking for directions. As Mr. Tan was giving directions, one of the robbers pointed
a knife at him and ordered them to keep quiet. He then relieved Mrs. Tan of her jewellery and instructed Mr. Tan to hand over his
ring and watch. When he refused, a struggle ensued. Meanwhile, his accomplice grabbed a helmet and hit Mr. Tan on the head
with it. On seeing this, his wife started screaming.
One of their neighbours, R. Subramaniam, who was taking his dog for a walk, heard the screams and when to
investigate. On seeing Subramaniam and his dog, the robbers fled. “I was taking my dog for a walk when I heard someone
shouting for help. Knowing that something was wrong, I ran there as fast as I could. Before I reached the scene, the robbers fled
on a motorbike. They were probably afraid of my Rottweiler.”
Mr. Tan, who suffered a small cut on his head, was given outpatient treatment at a private clinic. He said that it was a
horrified experience as he never expected the two men would attack his wife and him. He thought that they were lost and needed
help. He also mentioned that the guard who in charge nowadays easily allowed the strangers to enter their residents. State CID
Chief Supt Harun Din advised him and the people to be more careful in giving help to strangers. The guard also must be stricter
in letting people from entering any residents without proper permission.
He added that the suspects, aged between 25 and 30, were believed to be illegal immigrants. He said there had been
similar incident last week when two men approached a factory worker who was on her way home after work. The duo then
relieved her gold chain and cash. He advised the residents to be alert and reports to police any suspicious-looking characters
lurking in their area.

380 words
From: Spot on Model Compositions and Summary/Oxford Fajar/2007

DIRECTED: REPORT – Police Report

You witnessed an accident. The police officer has asked you to make a report. Use the points given below:

- when the event happened

- where the event took place
- how it happened
- description of the vehicles
- step taken

To: Sergeant Razali Kamrin

From: Julia Selamat
Date: 7th September 2011

Report of the accident on Jalan 2/14

On 7th September 2011 at 10.30 a.m., I was walking alone Jalan 2/14 which is next to the children’s playground. As I was
about to cross the road to enter the park, I saw a car driving swiftly down Jalan 4/14. It was a Honda Civic with the number plate
BEH 9110. Another car, a Toyota Vios 1.5 with plate number WHM 4657 came out of Jalan 4/14 as well. The Honda Civic was
driving too fast that make it did not have time to avoid collision.
The accident caused a loud crash. The Honda Civic hit the Toyota Vios on the driver’s door. The door could not be
opened and the driver had to get out from the passenger’s door. The driver of the Toyota Vios was lucky as he survived with no
physical injuries. Both air bags popped up when they collided to each other. They both were fortunate as their car was not badly
damaged and dented.
The Toyota Vios’s windscreen was shattered to pieces. The Honda Civic’s headlight and signal light were smashed.
There was plenty of glass on the road. The two drivers startled to argue. The driver of the Honda City was a woman. They
blamed each other and the argument stopped when her mobile phone rang. Most of the passerby slowed down their vehicle to
watch the accident. Some pedestrian came by and offered help.
As it happened, I ran into my house which is close by. I called the nearest police station and in ten minutes, a police car
drove up. I told the police officer I had witnessed the accident and offered to come out to the station to give a statement. The cars
were towed to the side of the road first, and then were brought to the police station before to workshop. Pictures were taken for
insurance claim.
In my opinion, the driver of the Honda City is to blame for the accident. She was driving too fast and did not pay any
attention to vehicles coming out from the side road. The driver of the Toyota Vios should have stopped at the junction.

Julia Selamat
Julia Selamat

355 words
Write Better Compositions and Summaries for SPM 1119 English/Oxford Fajar/2006

DIRECTED: REPORT – Book Report

As a class project, you have been asked to write a book report. You decide to write a report of a book you have just read.

Use the following notes in your report:

- author
- title
- setting
- synopsis
- main characters
- themes
- response

“The Story of My Life” is an autobiography written by Helen Keller. It tells us how Helen Keller, who was deaf, blind and
mute, defied the odds to become one of the most celebrated personalities in the world. The story was set in Alabama in 1997.
In the first half of the book, Helen Keller writes about how she was afflicted with scarlet fever while she was still a baby
and how illness left her deaf, blind and mute. The story outlines the frustration Helen Keller experienced as a child – alone in a
dark and silent world – unable to communicate with anybody. The author then goes on to say how her life changed with the
arrival of her new-employed teacher and nanny, Anne Mansfield Sullivan.
The second part of the book relates how Helen Keller studied the deaf and dumb language and learnt how to write using
Braille and then went to college and graduated. The story goes on to say how she spent the rest of her life helping the deaf and
dumb all over the world.
I enjoyed reading every page of the book. I found some sections of the book, especially those that deal with the early part
of her life, poignant and touching. It made me realize how difficult life must be for the handicapped. It also made me realize how
fortunate I was. It has made me more sympathetic towards the plight of those who are less fortunate than I am, especially the
handicapped who has given up hope in the face of misfortune, and the severely handicapped who have lost the will to live.
The story is very touching and informative. It arouses the feelings of the readers. I admire Helen Keller for her
determination and diligence. I appreciate the painstaking efforts taken by the teacher. The book has a good moral lesson for all.
It shows the triumph of the human spirit in the face of indomitable obstacles. It makes us wonder whether Helen Keller was just
another victim of fate or whether her birth has a special significance. Was Helen Keller fortunate or unfortunate? Helen Keller
was unfortunate to have suffered the cruel twist of fate but the world is fortunate to have had a person like her. Her life shining
example to prove the adage, “where there is a will, there is a way”.

393 words

DIRECTED: REPORT – Report to Principal

You are very disappointed by the conditions and services provided by your school canteen. You decide to write a report to inform
your school principal about the poor conditions and services of the canteen. These would include:
 insufficient table and benches
 food and drinks not covered
 too little food counters
 dirty and clogged drains – smelly
 food – expensive and lacks variety
 inadequate food – late comers have nothing to buy, to eat
 cold food – not fresh
 rude canteen workers

To : Mr. Hasnan bin Jalal,

The Principal,
Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Permata

From : Malik bin Abdul

Date : 24 March 2011

Report about the School Canteen

I am writing this report is to draw your attention regarding the school canteen. Many of the students of Sekolah
Menengah Kebangsaan Permata are unhappy about the conditions at the school canteen. There were lots of complaints
regarding this issue.
In the first place, there are insufficient tables and benches. Our school has a student population of over 1 000.
There is only one period of recess time for all forms. More than 80 per cent of the students go to the canteen during recess to
buy food and drinks. Unfortunately, there are only about twenty-five tables and fifty benches which can accommodate less than
half the number of students. As a result, many students have to stand while eating.
The food sold at the canteen not only expensive but lacks of variety. The menu is the same every day. For the past five
years, ever since the present canteen management took over, students go back to the same food.
The hygiene and preparation of food leave a lot to be desired. The food and drinks are not covered. They way canteen
attendants dress speak volume about hygiene. With their lackadaisical attitude, the food they sell would one way or the other
become contaminated.
My fourth complaint about the canteen pertains to the etiquette of the canteen workers. They are rude and arrogant. They
often shout at students. The students are always on the receiving end of their bad moods.
We hope that conditions at the canteen will improve. The canteen should provide better amenities. There should also be
a different menu everyday so that students will not have to taste the same food day in and day out. Cleanliness should be given
top priority.
We hope that you will look into our complaints and take steps to remedy the situation. The students are prepared to
boycott the canteen if their complaints go unheeded.

Reported by:
Malik
Malik bin. Mohd Jalil
314 words

DIRECTED: FORMAL LETTER: Letter of Complaint

Raju a/l Lingam,
123 A, Lorong Bahagia,
Taman Sentosa,
07231 Bandar Baru Sentol,
Kelantan
_________________________________________________________________________

The President,
Bandar Baru Sentol Council,
Kompleks Utama,
07200 Bandar Baru Sentol 16 JUNE 2011

Dear Sir,
Uncollected Rubbish and Clogged Drains

I am writing this letter is to attract your attention to the above title. As the representative of the community, I am calling to tell you
that the 300 odd residents living in Taman Sentosa are extremely unhappy about the lackadaisical attitude of the local town
council towards the uncollected rubbish and clogged drains in our area.

2. The rubbish in our area has not been collected for more than a week. The rubbish is supposed to be collected on
alternate days but this has not been the case. The town council workers collect the rubbish according to their own whims and
fancies. The uncollected garbage has attracted not only flies and mosquitoes but also wild dogs which had attacked the residents
on several occasions. These stray animals also scatter the rubbish and make the roads dirty and smelly. As a result, residents
have to bear the discomfort of stench from the garbage and risk their health.

3. We are also disappointed with the town council workers for not clearing the clogged drains which are filled with rubbish.
The drains would usually overflow when there is heavy rain and the rubbish would then flow into the compounds of our houses.
Besides, putting up with the unbearable stench emitted from them, the residents have to spend hours cleaning their compounds
of rotten vegetables, food leftovers and other rubbish.

4. Due to dengue outbreak recently, we are really concerned about the residents’ health especially the children. Fogging
service also was not done accordingly to the schedule. The fogging authority only did their job whenever a case of dengue
aroused. They even fogging the neighbourhood late at night that caused us to leave the residents. They need to consider the
residents who have babies and also to those who need to wake up early in the morning for work. The fogging also caused the
people to have breathing problem when we were not told the exact time of fogging.

5. We have made numerous appeals to the Municipal Council to look into our complaints but to no avail. We have been
putting up with this predicament for more than a week. We hope the health authorities would do something to check these health
hazards.

Thank you.

Yours faithfully,
Raju
(RAJU a/l MANIAM)

380 words

DIRECTED: FORMAL LETTER: Letter of Application

You came across the following advertisement for the post Accounts Assistant Clerk.
Write a letter of application together with curriculum vitae to the manager.

In your letter, include the following:

- your curriculum vitae
- the reasons for your interest in the job
- your ability to work independently
- pursuing a degree in Accountancy

Do remember to:
- use the formal letter
- use all the points given
- elaborate each points given

Chong Mei Lin,

40, Jalan Templer,
Taman Hati Bersih,
76 000 Seremban,
Negeri Sembilan
_________________________________________________________________________

The Manager,
Lim and Sons Manufacturing Sdn. Bhd.,
Lot 123, Interstate Industrial Area,
76 001 Nilai,
Negeri Sembilan 18 JULY 2010

Dear Sir / Madam,

Application for the Post of Accounts Assistant

I wish to apply for the post of Accounts Assistant as advertised in The New Strait Times dated 15th July 2011.

2. I have the necessary qualifications as stated in my curriculum vitae which is attached to this letter. I have experience
working in both food manufacturing and also auto manufacturing fields. I am currently working in Lazat Ice Cream Sdn. Bhd. in
capacity of an Accounts Assistant and have been here since January 2008. Before this, I was working in TFR Auto Enterprise as
an Accounts clerk. Since my present position offers little prospect for career advancement, I would like to be attached to a fairly
large organisation such as yours.

3. I would like to work in Nilai as I intend to further my studies and get professional qualification. I have registered with a
college in Nilai to do ACCA on part-time basis. With this high additional education level and knowledge, I can perform better in
applying the accounts knowledge in the future job.

4. I can assure you that I am capable person who can work independently. I am able to handle full sets of accounts, up to
three sets at a time. I am interested in working with a company like yours as I feel I can grow well with the company. I am a team
player, adapt easily to any working environments and can work with people from all works of life.

5. I was active in extra-curricular activities and was considered as responsible and dedicated worker. I led and organised
many activities for the school clubs so I am confident that I can be an asset to your company in this capacity. Furthermore, i have
a good command of English.

6. In view of my qualification and experience, I would expect a salary more than RM 2 000. And since I have my own car, I
would have no problems travelling outstation should the job require.

7. I look forward to hearing from you and I am fully prepared to attend an interview at any time convenient to you.

Thank you.

Yours faithfully,
Raju
(RAJU a/l MANIAM)

358 words
DIRECTED: INFORMAL LETTER
Your friend in Singapore has written to you to inform you that his cousin in Penang was down with dengue fever. He would like to
know the situation in Malaysia as he plans to bring his family over for the holidays in June. Write a letter to brief him about the
current situation.

In your letter, include the following:

 express concern over the health of your friend’s cousin
 news about the situation
 steps taken authorities
 present situation

Do remember to:
 use the informal letter format
 use all the points given
 expand each of the points given
 write in paragraph

No. 34, Street of Fame,

Taman Bukit Bintang,
Bukit Bintang,
67500 Ipoh,
Perak

14 January 2011

Dear John,

How are you? I’m sorry to hear that your cousin had dengue fever. This problem seems to have become very serious all
of sudden. We always feel that the problem is not our concern until someone close to us is affected.
My neighbour’s daughter who was in Standard 6 last year could not sit for UPSR examination because she was down
with dengue fever on the eve of the exam. Fortunately, the authorities gave her an exemption so she is now in Form One. There
were also a few students taking the examination in the hospital.
According to the news, students made up nearly 30 per cent of the 1 500 suspected cases over the first three weeks of
the year. About 53 per cent of 621 confirmed cases last year comprised children and youth under the age of 24. These statistics
are quite worrying. This has prompted the health ministry to increase checks on aedes breeding grounds in school and public
areas. The construction sites are largely to blamed. The problem is made worse by the rainy season. The stagnating water
attract the mosquitoes to lay egg and breeding on the areas.
The authorities have taken various steps to control the situation. Fogging has been carried out in many public areas and
most of the housing estates. Contractors at the construction sites have been instructed to take appropriate actions and warned to
clean up. They could be fined up to RM 3 000 for breeding aedes mosquitoes. Lot of campaigns through the television, radio and
newspapers were taken to make people aware of the issue and take precaution rather than cure them.
Before the long holidays for the Chinese New Year, schools all over Malaysia carried out a clean-up campaign of the
school compound. The residents’ association in my housing are also organised a family day clean-up of the housing estate.
There were huge piles of rubbish especially old tyres and containers littered by the hawkers near the might market site.
The situation in Malaysia has improved since the end of January. There have been no reports of new cases of dengue.
So, don’t worry. You can bring your family for a holiday here in June. I’m looking forward to seeing them again.
Send my regard to your mom and dad. Do take care.

Yours sincerely,
Harun Din

387 words

DIRECTED: SPEECH
Your school is having a month-long ‘A Healthy Body Campaign’. As President of the Health Club of your school, you decide to
give a speech on the ‘Tak nak Campaign’ recently launched by the government.

Tak Nak Campaign

A very good morning to our dear Principal, Mr. Hasnan bin Jaafar, teachers and students.
Recently, our former Prime Minister, Tun Abdullah Ahmad Badawi launched an anti-smoking campaign called “Tak Nak”.
You can now see this short and rhyming catch phrase “Tak Nak” everywhere – on billboards, posters, TV ads, and sometimes I
even hear it on the radio. Though some people have criticised our government for setting aside a staggering sum of RM100
million over 6 years for the campaign, it is nothing compared to the huge amounts that tobacco companies spend to promote
smoking.
But in this war against smoking, money definitely talks; it is necessary for the Tak Nak Campaign to constanly remind us
of the hazard of smoking because about 50 Malaysian teenagers light up for the first time every day. In fact, some of these youth
progress steadily from this to regular use, with addiction raking hold within a few years. And this is despite the warning on every
pack of cigarettes that states unequivocally “Smoking is dangerous to your health”.
What can the Tak Nak Campaign do to combat this? Their aggressive advertising creates media awareness among the
public, especially among the fashionable young crowd, that smokers have yellowed teeth and suffer from shortness of breath
and tells them that it is not cool to smoke. It is also not responsible of them to affect non-smokers with second-hand smoke.
Also, there is a succession of infomercials on TV and in the papers showing the debilitating effects of tobacco addiction
on the body and gruesome statistics of smoke-related deaths. We are now familiar with the graphic pictures of damaged lungs
on billboards which should scare people into not smoking. This works, as I know some of my friends are quitting now, or trying to
reduce the number of cigarettes they smoke per week.
However, I feel any anti-smoking campaign is more effective if other people and organisations are actively involved too.
Yes, the first step has been taken by the top, but sad to say, many of our politicians smoke themselves. Nearer to home, so do
some of our parents and teachers.
These adults have to be good role models by not smoking themselves. If they do smoke, they should tell their children
and students that they regret that they ever started, and then take steps to quit smoking as soon as possible. They must practise
what they preach.
On a more positive note, I commend the Malaysia Amateur Athletic Union for its zero-tolerance of smoking because they
know that smoking and health just do not mix. How can our sportsmen excel if they cannot stop smoking.
Dear teachers and students, thank you for your attention. Let me end my speech by reiterating that smoking is a bad
habit, so make Tak Nak your mantra. If you have started smoking, say Tak Nak and quit! And if you haven’t started smoking, say
know that smoking not only damages your health but you are also literally burning your money.

502 words