UNIDAD 4

EVENTOS EN FÁBRICAS Y EMPRESAS

EN ESTA UNIDAD TÚ ESTRATEGIAS PARA ENFOQUE DE IDIOMA

Vas a IDIOMA
APRENDIZAJE

• Mostrar a los visitantes alrededor • Haciendo predicciones • Pretérito Simple: Verbos

de una empresa
• Advertir a los visitantes
de peligros mientras están
en fábricas
• Describir eventos recientes
en una empresa
• Transferencia de
información
• Asociaciones de palabras
• Adivinar significados a
partir del contexto
• Emparejamiento
• Vistazo y
Exploración
Regulares e Irregulares
• Presente Perfecto:
Enunciados, Preguntas
y Respuestas:
ha/han + V (p.p)

HABILIDADES A DESARROLLAR PODER DE PALABRA COMUNICATIVO

TAREAS

Escuchar: Mensajes por telé- • Advertencias • Juego de roles: mostrar

fono, advertencias en una fá- • Departamentos de la a un visitante alrededor
brica, hablar sobre eventos empresa de la empresa
y desarrollos en una empresa. • Personal de la empresa • Brecha de información: ave-
riguar sobre cosas hechas
• Informes de la empresa en el trabajo
Hablar: Dar advertencias,
mostrar a los visitantes alrededor
de la empresa, averiguar sobre
eventos de la empresa del año
pasado, informar sobre eventos
de la empresa.

Escribir: ¿Qué has hecho esta

semana?
completar notas de una
reunión.

Lectura: Informes de la em-

presa, extractos técnicos.

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 DECIR LO QUE HAS HECHO

A. Trabajas para PackEx. Lee y completa este memo que tu jefe te

ha enviado. Usa los verbos en el cuadro.

Presentar / mostrar / explicar / organizar

PACKEX
Memo internacional
Para:Paul Gething
De:Diana Skinner
Fecha:viernes, 26 de noviembre de 2010

Tengo que ir a Perth el lunes y el martes, pero estaré de regreso el miércoles.

Henry Lee llega de la oficina de Hong Kong el lunes por la noche. ¿Podrías:

_______________________la agenda del programa de capacitación…

___________ ______________mostrarle la empresa………………..
_________presentarlo al Gerente de Capacitación……………
_________________una reunión con el Gerente de Producción.

Por favor, discúlpame y dile que lo veré en la fábrica el miércoles por la ma-
ñana. Muchas gracias por tu ayuda.
Diana

B. Escucha a Diana llamando a Paul y marca en el cuadro (√ ) las cosas

que ha hecho. (Pista 06)

C. Aquí está el E-mail de Paul para Diana. Escucha de nuevo y completa el mensaje.

POR CORREO
Diana,
Esto es lo que yo ____________________ _________ con Henry Lee. Sr . Lee
___________________________anoche. Yo____________________el programa a
él esta mañana. Después del almuerzo , yo ____________ él alrededor de la
empresa. Yo ___________________él al Gerente de Capacitación porque él
ha estado en una reunión. El Gerente de Producción está ausente, así que yo
___________para que ella conozca al Sr. Lee. Yo ____________________un
mensaje para ella.

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D. Practica estas conversaciones con un compañero y verifica el uso del
Presente Perfecto y el Pasado Simple. Luego traduce los diálogos al es-
pañol.

1. A: ¿Has visto el nuevo video de la empresa?

B: Sí, loviyesterday.

2. A: ¿Ya has conocido al nuevo gerente de personal?

B: No, acabo de regresar de vacaciones.

3. A: ¿Desk print nos ha enviado su nuevo folleto ?

B: Sí, llegó el pasado jueves.

4. A: ¿Has leído el informe financiero?

B: No, aún no he tenido tiempo.

5. A: ¿Ya has almorzado?

B: No, he estado demasiado ocupado.

E. Ahora practica una breve conversación entre el gerente y el asistente. El es-

tudiante A mira el Archivo 01 y el estudiante B mira el Archivo 02.
Ejemplos:
Gerente: ¿Has inspeccionado la nueva fábrica?
Asistente: Sí, lo he hecho.

Gerente: ¿Has enviado algunos folletos a la Sra. Ball?

Assistant: No, I haven’t.
Manager: Why?
Assistant: Because I’ve been too busy.

File 01
You are a department manager.

You are away on business. It is Thursday evening. You have asked your
assistant to do these things while you’re away:
• Make an appointment with Ms. Jackson for next week.
• Inspect the new factory.
• Send some brochures to Ms. Ball.
• Write a report on the me eting.
• Visit Mr. Franklin.
• Talk to the Export department about new delivery conditions.
• Go to a presentation of the new product.
• Have a meeting with the sales team.
Phone your assistant and find out if he or she has done these things yet. If
not, ask why e.g. Why haven’t you…?

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 File 02.

Your boss is on a business trip.

It is now Thursday evening and your boss telephones you to find out what you
have done. These are the things you’ve done.
Monday
• Inspect the new factory.
• Visit Mr. Franklin.
Tuesday
• Have a meeting with the sales team.
• Write a report on the meeting.
Wednesday
• Talk to the Export department about new delivery conditions.
Thursday
• Make an appointment with Ms. Jackson for next week.

Your boss is sure to ask you about the things you haven’t done. Think of
excuses, e.g. I haven’t had time yet. I’ve been too busy.

IDIOMA
Study these differences between the two tenses:

Present Perfect Past Simple

The Present Perfect is used when the The Past Simple is used when the
time period has NOT finished : time period HAS finished :
I have seen three movies this week . I saw three movies last week. (last
(this week has not finished yet) . week is finished).

It is often used when giving recent It is used when giving older

news :
Martin has crashed his car again .
It is used when the time is not
specific :
I have already seen that movie
(we don’t know when).
It is used with ‘for’ and ‘since’, when
the actions have not finished yet :
I have lived in London for 5 years
(I still live there).
information:
Martin crashed his car last year.
It is used when the time is clear:
I saw that movie on Thursday (we
know exactly when).
It is used with ‘for’ when the actions
have already finished :
I lived in London for 5 years
(I don’t live there now).

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 Present Perfect Past Simple
Experiences, Changes over time A series of completed actions,
duration in the past, habits in the past
The Present Perfect started in the It is used for an action that happened
past, but IT IS STILL TRUE TODAY in the past and is
or MIGHT HAPPEN AGAIN. It OVER/DONE/FINISHED .
connects the past and the present
We use unspecific expressions It is used with time words such as
such as: sinc e, so far, just, already, yesterday, one year ago, when I was
yet, ever, never, once, many times, a child, last Saturday, last week, three
several times, before, etc. months ago , with specific dates – in
Examples: 1990, etc.
✓ I have never traveled by train. Examples:
✓ Joan hasn’t studied two foreign ✓ We saw a movie last night.
languages. ✓ He didn’ t drink coffee yesterday.
✓ A: Have you ever met him? ✓ Did you have dinner last night?
B: No, I have not met him. Yes, I had dinner last night.
No, I didn’ t have dinner last night.

Complete this table of irregular verbs.

Infinitive Past Tense Past Participle

Be Was/were Been
Buy
Come
Done
Get
Go
Have
Left
Make
Meet
Put
Said
See
Sell
Spoken
Read
Take
Write
Tell
Break

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F. Put these words in the correct order to make sentences giving news for
a company report. Use present perfect or simple past tense.

1. open / office / Seattle

We’ve opened an office in Seattle__________________________ _______
2. close / factory / Atlanta
____________________________________ _______________________ _
3. start / exporting / Japan
_______________________________________________ _____________
4. start / exporting / New Zealand / last year
____________________________ ________________________________
5. sell / food processing business / in February
_______________________________________________________ ____ _
6. fire / 10,000 employees / in 20 19
____________________________________________________________
7. buy / new travel business
__________________________________________________________ _______________
Look at the above exercise and follow the instruction.
A friend phones you with news of their company. Unfortunately , the line is
bad and you can’t understand everything. Practice questions like these with
your partner:
e.g. A: We’ve opened an office in…
B: Sorry, Where have you opened an office?

EXTRA EXERCISES ABOUT PRESENT PERFECT AND PAST

SIMPLE
A. Choose the correct sentence or phrase for the situation:
e.g. Susie: …well what about yesterday?
a) Alex: Well, I haven’t done anything special.
b) Alex: Well, I didn’t do anything special.
Susie: That’s a pity.
1. Teresa: Can you come to the pub?
a) Mary: No, I’ve just washed my hair.
b) Mary: No, I washed my hair.
Teresa: What a shame, maybe you can join us later.
2. Juan: Why couldn’t you come to the pub last week?
a) Alice: I’ve washed my hair.
b) Alice: I washed my hair.
Juan: What a shame, maybe you can join us this week.
3. Mathew: I love traveling.
a) Francesca: Really? Have you ever been to Paris?
b) Francesca: Really? Did you ever go to Paris?
Mathew: Oh yes, several times.
4. Satoshi: I lived in the south of France for a yea r.
a) Bob: Really? Have you ever been to Paris?

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 b) Bob: Really? Did you ever go to Paris?
Satoshi: Oh yes, several times.
5. Ivan: That’s my fiancée.
a) Michael: Really? How long have you been engaged?
b) Michael: Really? How long were you engaged?
Ivan: Oh, quite a long time.
1. Carrie: That’s my ex -fiancée.
a) Roger: Really? How long have you been engaged?
b) Roger: Really? How long were you engaged?
Carrie: Oh, quite a long time.
Practice the above conversations in pairs.

B. Match the beginning of a sentence, with its correct ending, a or b.

1. We got married a. since 1986 .

2. We’ve been married b. in 1986 .

3. Dinosaurs a. lived in many parts of the world .

4. Many of today’s diplomats b. have lived in many parts of the world .

5. The arrival of Don Cortés a. has had a dramatic effect in the modern world .
6. The invention of computers b. had a dramatic effect on the old Aztec world .

7. This is the first time a. we met .

8. That was the first time b. we’ve met .

C. Match each statement with the person who you think said it.

Example:
The government has introduced a new tax. a. historian
The government introduced a new tax. b. news reporter

1. I’ve been married for six years. a. divorcee

2. I was married for six years. b. husband

3. I flew planes every day for thirty years. a. retired airline pilot
4. I’ve flown planes every day for thirty years. b. airline pilot

5. How long did you know Josh? a. guest at wedding

6. How long have you known Josh? b. guest at funeral

7. My mother told me not to see him again. a. eighty -year -old

8. My mother has told me not to see him again. b. eighteen -year -old

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 WARNING SIGNS

Put the correct nam e of these si gns using the expressions in the box.

Hard hats area / Electrical hazard / First aid Kit / Fire hose
Fire extinguisher / Eye protection / Adjustable guard / Watch your step

____________ ______________ _____________ _____________

____________ _______________ _____________ _____________

____________ _______________ ____________ ______________

______ ______ _____________ _ ___________ _ _____________ _

VISITING A FACTORY

A. You are taking a visitor on a tour of a factory. What would you say?

Match the situations 1 -6 to a suitable expression.

1. The visitor has to wear a badge. a. Please come this way.

2. The visitor should sign the b. It’s a safety requirement to

visitors’ book. wear them.

3. The visitor must wear overalls. c. Could you sign the visitors’
book?

4. Ask your visitor to follow you. d. I think that’s everything. Is

there anything else you’d like
to see?
5. Ask your visitor to be careful. e. You need this for security.

6. End the tour. Ask if the visitor f. Please be careful!

wants to see/know more.

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 B. Listen to Henry Lee, a visitor from China, visiting the
PackEx factory. Look at the situations and expressions in
A and check your answers. (Track 0 9)

Scrap Metal Separation May Become Less Costly

Recycling , or re -using, metals is
much less costly than making them from
raw materials in the Earth , called “ore .”
But when old cars, household
appliances , and industrial equipment are
thrown away , metals are mixed and often
difficult to separate. So they are usually
placed into landfills without being
separated .

The United States Environmental Protection Agency says almost 15

million tons of this “scrap ” metal is placed into landfills every year . Although iron
and steel are easily separated with strong magnets , other metals , such as copper,
aluminum , and titanium , are not. So products with a mix of these metals are either
sent to landfills or to other countries, where workers separate the different metals
by hand . But university scientists working with a private company say they have
created a very accurate method to separate these light metals , using a machine .

Don Eggert is the founder of O2M Technologies . His company worked with
the University of Utah to develop metal separation technology . Mr. Eggert says
the system is based on the knowledge that all meta ls react to a strong magnetic
field .

“When the metal falls through the field , even (if/though) it’s non -ferrous ,
it’s not attracted to the magnet , but the magnet causes there to be an electric
current inside the metal , and that causes the metal to have a magnetic field itself,
which interacts with the magnetic field that it’s falling through and pushes it to the
side .”

Mr. Eggert says changing the frequency of the magnetic field causes metal
pieces to fall into different containers .

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 “So , for example , if we want to
separate aluminum and copper we hit the
right frequency for it and the aluminum
would push more (further) away from the
magnet than the copper will. So the copper
falls straight down, (and) the aluminum falls
into a different bucket .”

Mr. Eggert says the separator is not costly to build . “ What we have
calculated so far is that the expense -to -value ratio -- that is, how quickly you can
pay back the cost of the technology over time -- we’re currently estimating it to be
less than one year .”

The separator works only with metal pieces up to one centimeter wide . But
the researchers are building a bigger magnet to separate larger metal parts. They
hope to begin operating it at a metal shredding center by the end of this year .
There , they will be able to test it in a real -life environment .

A. According to the text above answer in SPANISH the following questions

1. What does raw mat erial mean? Can you mention some raw material s?
_____________________________ ________________________________
___________________________________________________ __________

2. How can you separate iron from others materials?

_____________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________ __________

3. Do you think recycling is important? Why?

_____________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________ __________

Here you will find some interesting exercises for improving your skills :

http://www.ejerciciosinglesonline.com/new -
exercises/ex1 -pasado -simple/

http://www.efl.net/irrpasttense.htm

http://www.english -at -home.com/grammar -past -

simple -tense/

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