DESIGN FABRICATION OF C3 ROLLING AND BENDING MACHINE

DESIGN FABRICATION

NAME CHERUYOT KIRUI GILBERT

COLLEGE N.Y.S ENGINEERING INSTITUTE

INDEX NO

COURSE MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (PRODUCTION OPTION)

ASSESSOR NAME MR NDUNGU

This project is submitted to KNEC in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of diploma in
mechanical engineering ( production option)

Nov 2021
DECLARATION
I here by declare that the work in this trade project is my own word except for quotation formulas and
literature review which have been duly acknowledged during the references.

STUDENT CHERUYOT KIRUI GILBERT

SIGN

DATE

SUPERVISOR WR NDUNGU

PLACE OF WORK /DEPARTMENT MECHANICAL ENGINEERING.

SIGN

DATE
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to my loving parents ,my brother KK Kirui and my classmates , for the great
support that they give me all though towards success in writing this project
ACKNOWLEGEMENT
I would like to express my gratitude thanks to my project supervisor Mr. Ndungu for his tireless guidance
, corrections and encouragement for the completion of this project . Also I would like to express
heartfelt appreciation to my fellow classmate for the support.

I can not forget to appreciate my family for their moral and financial support throughout my project
completion.
Table of Contents
DECLARATION..............................................................................................................................................2
DEDICATION................................................................................................................................................3
ACKNOWLEGEMENT....................................................................................................................................4
CHAPTER ONE..............................................................................................................................................6
1.0 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................6
BACKGROUND INFORMATION.................................................................................................................6
OBJECTIVES..........................................................................................................................................6
1.4 HUPOTHESIS(RESEARCH QUESTION).................................................................................................6
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY............................................................................................................7
1.6 conception and theoretical framework.............................................................................................7
Conception..........................................................................................................................................7
Theoretical framework........................................................................................................................8
1.7 SCOPE OF WORK................................................................................................................................9
CHAPTER 2.................................................................................................................................................10
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW........................................................................................................................10
2.1 EXISTING DESIGN.............................................................................................................................10
2.2 Critiques Of Existing Design.............................................................................................................15
2.3 Evaluation of Proposed Design........................................................................................................15
2.4 Summary Of Gaps Identified............................................................................................................16
CHAPTER THREE........................................................................................................................................17
3.0 Methodology of the trade project...................................................................................................17
3.1 Purpose of the design......................................................................................................................17
3.2 Design instruments..........................................................................................................................17
Questioners.......................................................................................................................................17
Interview...........................................................................................................................................18
Observation.......................................................................................................................................18
3.3 Trade design and activities..............................................................................................................18
3.4 Design Research and Drawing.........................................................................................................19
3.7Analysis of driving mechanism..........................................................................................................20
Chapter 4...................................................................................................................................................21
4.0 Finding, conclusion and Recommendation......................................................................................21
4.1 Discussion of Finding.......................................................................................................................21
4.2 Evidence of Data Analysis................................................................................................................22
4.3 Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................22
4.4 Limitations.......................................................................................................................................23
4.5 Recommendation............................................................................................................................23
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
In most industries bending of work is common and there is need for a machine to be use for being. The
reason for designing a manual rolling bending machine for sheet bending is because there is no proper
rolling bending to bend a metal sheet for small scale industries. The machine will be used to bend sheet
metal with desire degree of bending except 90 degree.

The roller bender which are in the market are big size, expensive and are not portable and therefore
they require large space ,skill personnel are reguire to afford them

The requirements of operation of roller bender is simple ,cheap and does not reguire a lot of space since
they are small in size and they are movable and therefore they are portable.

BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Manual rolling bending machine is under mechanical engineering .It is used for bending sheet metals.

The wheel stands will be incorporated in order to make it portable since it will be movable and it will be
easy to move it from one place to another.This will make work easier for workers because it will not
reguire much energy or labour to be moved.

OBJECTIVES
The main objective of the design and fabricate manual rolling bending machine and in order to meet
that objective the following specific objective will be made.

1.To incorporate a simple tool perforating machine that will enhance stamping of equal holes of a bout
2mm diameter in the metal sheet.

2.To incorporate wheel stands making the machine to be moved from one point to another.

3.To put quick fixing and looking device thus making it easy to change the cutting and processing
(bending metal).

4.To utilise readily available material in making standard by use of timber.

5.To utelise skills learnt in N.Y .S engineering institute in design and fabrication of manual operated
rolling bending machine.

1.4 HUPOTHESIS(RESEARCH QUESTION)

The design of bending and rolling c3 machine has consider some factors that will have advantage to it
operation.The machine is less costly since it does not need power or fuel to drive for it is manually
operated therefore it is cheap and it will be affordable for small industries and jua Kali and fabrication of
the machine are cheap and overall cost is reduced making it affordable to small scale units of machine
also the machine does not require large space to be install and make it portable.The machine produces
high quality and quantity products and therefore reduce the cost of production.The machine does not
require skilled personnel to operate it and is operated by one person and therefore it will be attractive
to small scale industry users.

1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The bending and rolling C3 machine will be incorporated with perforating cutting tool.It will enable to
generate hole on a bend sheet metal and it will produce hole of uniform size.This will reduce time
wastage in moving from one machine to another since by use of this machine you will be able to bend
and generate hole on the same machine.It will be easy to move from one point to another therefore it
will make work easier since it does not require more human efford to move it.The expected outcomes of
the machine will be able to bend different types desire degree of bending except 90’.The rollers are
fitted with bearings so as to achieve the desired smooth motion

1.6 conception and theoretical framework

Conception
The machine will have rubber wheel stand which will in moving machine, making it portable and it will
reduce wear of the machine . it will be environmental friendly since it is pollution free because it
consume no fuel while operating it. Economical to be used since it is manually operated as compered to
other bending machines which are power driven. It will be incorporated with perforating cutting tool for
generation of holes and therefor there will be no need to buy another machine for making holes.
Theoretical framework
Euler-Bernoulli bending theory

Element of a bend the fibers form arc, the top fibers get compressed at the same time bottom fibers
stretched. The plane sections remain plane it means no any deformation due to shear. Also this linear
distribution is only applicable if the maximum stress is less than the yield stress of the material

Bending stress=my/l

Where m- is the moment about the neutral axis

Y- the perpendicular distance to the neutral axis

The second moment of area about the neutral axis x

Timoshenko bending theory

Deformation of a Timoshenko beam , the Norma rotates by an amount which is not equal to amount of
moment

In Timoshenko beam theory plane sections still remains plane but are no longer normal to the
longitudinal axis.

Torsional law

State that for uniform shaft the angle of twist is directly proportional to the applied torque

Thus angle of twist=applied torque

Angle of twist= TL/GJ

From pure bending equation

GQ/L = T/J

Where

T= applied torque

QL= length of bar

G= modules of rigidity of the material

J= second polar moment of area .

Theory of simple bending

When a beam is subjected to a loading system or by a force couple on a plane passing through the axis
then the beam deform

1.7 SCOPE OF WORK

C3 rolling and bending machine will be one of the most useful machine for sheet bending operation in
small industries and jua Kali . It’s aim is to obtain the desired smooth shape and to make perforated
holes of uniform diameters on a sheet metal . It also assist in estimating of the bend force for selection
of press capacity, strength analysis and design of dies

It will be design to suit the demand of the product, improve the efficiency and to reduce time wastage
by producing quality output. It will be design in such a way that it is operated manually and therefore
reduce the cost of bending over those existing in the market which are using electricity and are more
expensive . C3 rolling and bending machine will be friendly to environment since it does not produce a
lot of noise and smoke as compere to existing designs. It will be portable since it is small in size and the
material used in manufacturer it is light in weight therefore suitable for small scale industries.
CHAPTER 2
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
The aim of this project is to design a portable , movable rolling bending machine. This machine is used to
bend sheet metal into curve and other curvature shapes. The size of C3 Rolling and Bending machine is
small compared to existing designs and it’s portable. The machine will be developed the use of support
(frame) , bearings, chain sprockets, spindle wheel, screw , and moving rollers . This machine will work
on simple kinematic system instead of complicated design . Due to it light weight and portability it will
be suitable for small scale industries. It will be common machine use in workshops for being sheet
metal. During the rolling and bending process the sheet or plate is passes through consecutive rollers
that gradually apply pressure on the sheet.Because of this pressure the change in the radius of plate or
sheet occur .The rolling process is generally performed by three rolling bending machine.

2.1 EXISTING DESIGN

a.RBM30HV Bending Machine

Electric bending machine tubes,profiles,rods and flat bars,dependent on the rollers equiped.This
bending machine is also equiped with a vernier scale perfect for bending arches,ring spirals etc.its
bulkiness provides optimal stability during operation.A foot petal for left/tonight rotation control
included in the set used in iron working shops and on construction sites.Maximum tubes bending range
up to 30mm,capable of operating in the horizontal and vertical planes.Equiped with mechanically
adjustable upper roll clamp perfect or bending arches, rings spirals.

-Capable of application for bending various profiles due to its universal roller

-Its bulkiness provides optimum stability.

-Controlled with a foot petal.

-Area of application of bending profiles and tubes.

Bending radius adjusted with the installed on the top of the machine clamping device equipped with a
vernier scale.

Technical data

Round tube 30*1 mm

Rectangular tubes 30*30*1 mm

Round bar 30*10 mm

Shaft diameter 30mm

Speed 9 rpm

Motor power 0.75kw

Weight 252kg

Design 2010-03-17 in China

b. GY40

It applies full mechanical drive, with compact structure and high reliability. Driven by seven wheels ,it
will not slip easily and the thin-wall can bend . The wheels at both sides are distributed asymmetrically
which shorten the linear segment.
The double foot switches are provided with emergency stop function facilitating to operation , it has
balanced drive. Adjusting the pressing can obtain circular arc or spiral shape with different curvature.
Changing the groove shape of mould can process different metal profiles such as angle steel, flat steel ,
round steel and other shapes cross section steel.

It can bend profile with large radius, which presents the disadvantage of especially big bending mould ,
it is a necessary supplement to single -end and double-end series tube bender .It product can have
medlum and large volume production and can operate fast with high efficiency

Specifications

Max-pipe diameter 40*2.5

Min-bending radius 5D

Bending speed 80mm/s

Motor power 4kw

Power supply 380v50H2

Machine weight 500kg

HDR 3-roll plate bend Machine

The HDR convinces by the individually adjustable bending geometry of the bottom rollers which enable
rolling of very thick plates as well as small diameters. Best bending results can be achieved by the use of
the patented top roll adjustment by using pressure loaded cylinders and thus resulting machine
symmetry

It is characterized by its variable of adjustment rolls . It allows linear adjustment of the two bottom rolls
independently from each other , while the top roll can be adjusted vertically

A 3 rolls can be driven inclined roll setting enable cone bending . It provide best bending quality and
workpiece handling . In addition the HDR system is the only concept where the bending geometry can
be set variable. This means that the bottom rolls within the performance range of machine.
The smaller the symmetry of the bottom to the top roll , the greater The maximum deformable wall
thickness is obtain with symmetrical position of the bottom rolls. Due to this functional principle even
the thickest plates can be bend with relatively low forces and thus extremely economically

The optionally available plate stop simplifies the alignment of the plate in the machine is time saving and
help to achieve best bending results. Faster rotation for increased productivity especially when bending
large diameters, the speed of rotation of the machine is decisive for productivity.

4HEL 4-roll plate bending machine

4HEL is the most precise and easiest to use series of 4-roll plate bending machine with total prebending .
Highly technological and innovative, 4HEL bending rolls assure high productivity with a speed of ¾ times
higher than the traditional pyramid bending roll. The 4HEL bending rolls can be effectively controlled
through numerical control system. It is equipped with rear side roll opposite the feeding side . The plate
moreover always remains pinched between the two contral rolls thus avoiding accidental slips . This not
only operation but it also assures safe and more precise machining with the option of bending handle
entirely by single operator.

2.2 Critiques Of Existing Design

The existing RBM30H rolling bending machine design is an electric bending machine unlike the owners
design which will be manually operated , and therefore RBM30HV design is not reliable in rural areas
where there is no electricity. Also not everyone can afford the RBM30HV machine since it is very
expensive and it’s not economical to be used in small industries and jua Kali

The 4HEL 3-roll bending machine design is a bulcky and heavy machine and it require large space to be
installed, therefore it is not suitable for small workshops and jua Kali since most small industries does
not have large space room . Also due to it bulkiness and heavy weight it is not easy to be moved from
one place to another , thus it require high human effort to be moved of which it require lifting Machine
in order to be moved

The HDR 3-roll rolling bending machine is only use in thick sheet therefore it is not suitable to be used in
small or thin sheet metal unlike C3 Rolling and bending machine which will be use in thin sheet metal.
Also HDR bending machine does not produce excellent product, machine prices are higher than that of
ordinary rolling bending machine and are very expensive to afford by small industries.

2.3 Evaluation of Proposed Design

The proposed of C3 manual rolling and bending machine will be incorporated with rubber wheel stands .
This will facilitate the movement thus making it mobile therefore making it easy to be moved from one
place to another, reducing human effort in moving it. Also reduce friction between the machine and
floor while moving machine, therefore eliminating wear.
The design will be incorporated with quick fixing and locking device this will distribute clamping force.
The device exerts radial pressure to lock components in place that is assuming a proper fit and
tolerance, allow for precise adjustment to axial position and angular timing in the system and also it
work as guider .

The machine will be made with the supporting frame that support the roller mechanism between it.

The rollers are fitted with bearings so as to achieve the smooth motion and the work to bent will be
rolled across it to achieve desired bending.

In the design , one of the rollers will be interested with a hand drive spindle wheel to drive manually.
This wheel will be connected to the other rollers using a chain sprockets mechanism to drive it a long
with spindle at the same rate

The design will be incorporated with perforating tool for generation of uniform holes on the plate or
sheet metal , this will enhance reliability of the machine for it will be used for generation of holes and
bendin ,thus it will reduce time wastage and labour.

2.4 Summary Of Gaps Identified

The existing designs are created for huge capacity for bending of metal plates making it uneconomical
for small scale industries. Unlike C3 manual rolling and bending machine which will be used for small
capacity making it economical to small scale industries which are not producing products in large
volume. The existing designs require large space since they are large in size , heavy and are not
incorporated with wheels , hence they are not portable unlike C3 manual rolling and bending machine
which will be small in size, portable and flexible to be used therefore it will be used in workshops and jua
Kali.

GY40 rolling bending machine is a power operated, therefore it is not suitable to be used in rural areas
where there is not electricity hence C3 manual rolling and bending machine will be useful in those areas
Since it will be manually operated.

The existing designs are more expensive and are not flexible, most of them are not used for Bending
small components like RBM30HV machine which is used for Bending thick metals only and it’s not
suitable to be used in small scale industries and are more expensive to be afford and therefore C3
manual bending machine will be suitable since it is portable and flexible.

C3 manual rolling and bending machine will be incorporated with perforating cutting tool for generation
of uniform holes in sheet metal saving as multi-purpose machine since it will be used for Bending as well
generation of uniform holes, making work easier , unlike in existing designs which area only use for
Bending only.
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Methodology of the trade project
In this chapter it explains the research methods adopted by the designer in the process of the trade
project. It also explain the instrument used in the design and fabrication of C3 manual rolling and
bending machine. It entails methods of data collection and details of drawing for the design

The chapter also indicate how the data was collected, such as industrial visit , reference from school
library, questioners, research and internet and observation.

This data collection will assist to identify the challenges encounter while fabricating the machine. It will
also give details on what will designer improve on the existing designs in order to eliminate gap which
are face on the existing designs. The driving mechanism and analysis of each components of the
machine

3.1 Purpose of the design

The purpose of the design and fabrication of C3 manual rolling and bending machine is to address the
gaps identified in the existing designs

The machine will be incorporated with wheels stands making the machine portable, reducing human
effort required for moving the machine while moving from one point to another, this wheel stands also
will assist to reduce wear since it will eliminate friction in between the surface and the machine. It will
be incorporated with cutting tool which will help in generation of uniform holes and therefore it will
reduce time wastage while moving to another machine for cutting holes, also reduce the cost of
purchasing another machine, Since it multiply tasks for it will be used for Bending and cutting. The
rollers are fitted with bearings in order to meet the desired smooth motion, the frame is made with
mechanism to fit a moving roller in the center through screw mechanism. The design is small I’m size as
compared to existing designs and therefore it will not need large space.

In completion of the project, the expectation is high since the efficiency of C3 manual rolling and
bending machine will be high for the machine is multiply task, also the machine will not require skilled
personnel to operate it, and the machine is manually operated therefore it suitable to be used rural
area, and expenses for electricity is eliminated.

3.2 Design instruments

Prior to and during the design and fabrication of C3 manual rolling and bending machine, the designer
used the following design instrument to come up with the idea

Questioners
A questionnaire is a data collection instrument of a series of questions and other prompt for the
purpose of gathering information from respondent. The designer was able to collect the information
about the existing designs by preparing questioners and gave to workshop attendant and supervisor
during his attachment period and this assisted the designer limitations of existing designs, their working
principle and cost of materials for fabricating the Machine.
Interview
It is a face to face conversation between the interview and interviewee where interviewer require
respond from the interviewee . The designer was able to interact with works in workshop and in the
hardware face to face where he was able to asked someone question about the existing designs and he
was able to get the information about the existing designs from interviewee. This enable him to come
up with the design and fabrication of C3 manual rolling and bending machine.

Internet

The designer uses internet in doing research about the design of existing rolling bending machines in the
market, and this assisted him to know the theories used, mechanism and prices of existing designs and
this enable the designer to come up with his project.

Observation
Observation is a systematic data collection technique that involves watching individual in there natural
environment or in naturally occurring situation and it provide highly detailed information about the
natural processes . The designer of C3 manual rolling and bending machine were able to observe how
the existing designs works, how it is operated and the sizes of the existing designs.

And he was able to come up with his design which is small in size and it is portable.

3.3 Trade design and activities

Under this section the designer explain the design steps of his project. The designer of C3 manual rolling
and bending machine came up with the idea of design while he was in his attachment at nyaka
ngineering industry . During that period the designer was able to observe the existing designs, steps of
fabrication of those designs in the workshop and also he had good time to interact with workers whom
they were working with him while in attachment and had chance to asked them questions about the
design they were fabricating and also he was able to do research through internet where he get to
know mechanism/working principle of the existing designs , theories used and short come of those
designs. Also while in attachment he noticed that there was no proper rolling bending machine for
Bending small components and they were using electricity and he decided to come up with manually
operated machine.

The designer was able to carry out research in order to design his design. He uses internet as method of
data collection to know the operation of the existing designs and there problems. He was able to come
up with objective of solving those limitations in the existing designs. During this time the designer draw
different parts of the machine and make those parts in the workshop and test for accuracy while he was
in attachment
3.4 Design Research and Drawing

The designer of the intended machine design is interested in improving on existing designs, after doing
the research through different types of methods of collecting data such as observation, questioners and
interviewing as well as through internet. Moreover the objectives of the designer is to eliminate the
gaps that are in the existing designs. Therefore his machine will be more advantages than the existing
one due to it improvement that suits the desire for the users.

There are various objectives that the designer of the machine , that he sum up in order to come up with
his design and this includes

To incorporate wheel stands which will facilitate the movement and therefore making the machine
portable and it will reduce human effort required for moving the Machine. To incorporate perforating
roller which assist in producing uniform holes without the need of moving to another machine for
punching of materials and it will eliminate the cost of buying another machine. The machine's rollers are
fitted with bearings so as to achieve the desired smooth motion, to put quick fixing and locking device
thus making it easy to change the cutting device.

The machine will be green in colour and it’s size is relatively small and it will not require much space. It is
made of strong in and materials thus it will last longer. The machine consist of three rollers one of the
rollers is integrated with a hand driven spindle wheel to drive machine manually . This wheel is also
connected to the other rollers using a chain sprocket mechanism to drive it along with spindle at the
same rate.
3.5 DESIGN ASPECTS AND PRODUCTION OF COMPONENTS

Name of Design No of Cost Total Machine drawing remarks

component description components per cost tools to
of unit be used
componen
t
Bearing Stainless T0 be
steel bought
ceramic
recess
Supporting Mild steel Grinder To be
frame machine fabricated
‘cutting
disc
’welding
rod’ arc
welding
Spindle Stainless T0 be
wheel steel fabricated
Supporting mild steel Welding To be
table rod’ arc fabricated
welding,
grinder
Chain drive To be
bought
Rubber To be
wheel bought
Roller Lathe To be
machine, fabricated
grinding
machine
sprocket To be
bought
Perforating To be
roller bought
3.7Analysis of driving mechanism
In designing and fabrication of C3 manual rolling and bending machine, the designer identified driving
mechanism which will be put in place in order to make the machine to run efficiently. These driving
mechanism include

Spindle wheel

The machine will be incorporated with hand spindle wheel, this wheel will integrated into one of the
roller of the machine and this roller will be also connected to other rollers using chain sprockets and it
will help the Machine to be driven manually.

Bearing

The rollers of the machine are fitted with rolling bearing which will proved smooth motion, constrain
relative motion and it will help to reduce friction.

Chain sprocket

The rollers of the machine will be connected by chain sprocket. This chain will assist in transmission of
power from one roller to another since this chain mechanism drive one of the roller which is integrated
with spindle wheel and other rollers at the same rate.
Screw

The frame is made with mechanism to fit a movable roller in center, trough a screw mechanism. This is
to adjust the bending angle
Chapter 4
4.0 Finding, conclusion and Recommendation
This chapter discusses the finding of the trade project. It discuss how each specific objective of the
design and fabrication of C3 manual rolling and bending machine was achieved. The chapter Break each
objective giving and proveding evidence of data analysis . The chapter also highlights the design in
relation to objectives.

The chapter will also explain the recommendation based on the research finding and it will highlights
the limitations of the design and suggest areas of further research for the design and fabrication of the
C3 manual rolling and bending machine.

4.1 Discussion of Finding

After designing and fabrication of C3 manual rolling and bending machine, the following finding were
realised.

Cost of maintenance is relatively low

The cost of maintenance of C3 manual rolling and bending machine will be lower since the machine has
few parts, types of materials are strong , and the use of bearings in the machine will also assist in
reducing wear and therefore the cost of replacing worn out parts are reduced. Also most parts are
fabricated by the design and therefore the cost of purchasing of those parts is reduced.

Low cost of production

The machine size is relatively small as compared to the existing designs and therefore it does not require
more materials to be used in fabrication and the materials used are cheap and this will make the
production cost to be lower.

Time

In this design the time wastage is reduced since setting the work is simple and it will not require more
time, also due to it multi-purpose working principle this will reduce time wastage in moving from one
machine to another since the machine is used for bending as well as punching of uniform holes,
therefore no time wastage.

Durability

The materials used for fabricating the machine are hard, strong, resistance to rusting and it is painted so
that the materials used does not react with gases in the surrounding making the machine to last longer.

High quality product

The machine provide high accuracy thus high quality produce.

Reduce wastage of materials

Wastage of materials is reduced since the machine is accurate and therefore there will be wastage of
materials during operation.
4.2 Evidence of Data Analysis
Under this sub-heading the designer of C3 manual rolling and bending machine has expressed what he
has included in his design in order to achieve the results analysed which includes

The machine will be incorporated with perforating roller for generation of holes making machine multi-
purpose hence there will be no need to purchase many machines and this will enhance time saving as
well as expenses are reduced

The machine is integrated with spindle wheel drive mechanism to drive machine manually and therefore
it will not require motor for the supply of power to run the machine hence the cost of purchasing the
motor is eliminated

Putting quick fixing and locking device thus making it easy to change the cutting and pressing.

Incorporating the machine with wheels making easier to be moved and hence increasing efficiency since
it reduces human effort required to move it. Also machine rollers are fitted with bearings so as to
achieve the desired smooth motion hence good quality produce.

4.3 Conclusion
The designer focused on the design and fabrication of C3 manual rolling and bending machine. After
collecting and analysing through the literature review, the previous review the design analysed the gaps.
The methodology was review and the design fabrication achieved, after analysing the major components
and driving mechanism. The designer explain the finding and how each objective was achieved. The
following conclusion was made.

The machine will be manually operated and it will not require motor to drive it and it will be reliable in
rural areas where there is no electricity and also production cost will be lower.

C3 manual rolling and bending machine is economical for small scale industries, it is more precise and
accuracy, the cost of maintenance is relatively low since is simple to construct, and materials used for
construction are strong. The rollers of the machine are fitted with bearings so as to achieve smooth
motion.

This machine also is simple and flexible to be operated and it doesn’t require skilled personnel to
operate ,it saves time.

4.4 Limitations
During the research in design and fabrication of C3 manual rolling and bending machine, the designer
encounter various limitations as follows

Time consuming

The time which was given for the completion of the project was very short in consideration of much
work to be done, such as time for doing research and analysing them and fabricating it, and more time
was required.

Covid-19 pandemic
During the time of emergent of covid-19 pandemic the designer progress on project was affected so
much since there was restrictions of movement and designer was not able to continue with the
research and this lead to daley of project.

Financial constraints

Financial was a great problem for the designer since he is still a student and he had no good souse of
capital and support in doing research.

Materials testing

The designer of the design had rough time during time of materials testing and selection since the
laboratory was busy and he encounter much of time wastage.

Delay in processing the required tools and materials

The school administration in procuring the tools and materials took a lot of time and this made the
designer project to delay .

4.5 Recommendation
Even though during the process of project the designer was faced with a lot of challenges.but he try her
best and he was able to complete his project on time.

The designer desire to fabricate the project and ensure the machine is working effectively and the
designer wish the project to be fabricated in future to made his objective

The designer wished to come up with C3 manual rolling and bending machine although due to capital
and limited time, it was unable to proceed further

4.6 suggested areas for future research

Under this sub-heading the researcher gives tips and clue on the improvement he would wish to include
in his design . Even though the design of the machine has been a success. There are several things that
need to be improve

The machine is used for bending low tensile materials therefore more research has to be done in order
to make the Machine suitable for Bending materials for high tensile

The machine is used in small scale industries and there is need for research has to be carried out in
order to improve the working capacity of the machine for it to be used in large scale industries.

Unavailability of materials to be used during fabrication of the machine and therefore there is need of
improvement it in order to speed up the process of the project.