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,ĂLJǀĂŶůĂƌ͖ƂŬĂƌLJŽƚ͕ĕŽŬŚƺĐƌĞůŝ ve heterotrof beslenen ĐĂŶůŦůĂƌĚŦƌ͘ ,ĂLJǀĂŶůĂƌŦŶďŝƌŬŦƐŵŦŶĚĂLJĂƔĂŵƐĂů

ŚƺĐƌĞůĞƌŝŶĞŝůŬŬĞnjƐƂůĞŶƚĞƌůĞƌĚĞƌĂƐƚůĂŶŦƌ͘
ĨŽŶŬƐŝLJŽŶůĂƌŦLJĞƌŝŶĞŐĞƚŝƌŵĞŬƺnjĞƌĞƂnjĞůůĞƔŵŝƔĚŽŬƵǀĞŽƌŐĂŶůĂƌǀĂƌĚŦƌ͘ ,ƺĐƌĞnjĂƌůĂƌŦŶŦŶĚŦƔŬŦƐŵŦŶĚĂ
ŬŽƌƵLJƵĐƵďŝƌŚƺĐƌĞĚƵǀĂƌŦďƵůƵŶŵĂnj͘ ,ĂLJǀĂŶůĂƌŦŶĕŽŒƵĞƔĞLJůŝƺƌĞƌ͘ĂnjŦŚĂLJǀĂŶůĂƌĚĂĞƔĞLJůŝƺƌĞŵĞŶŝŶ ^ƂůĞŶƚĞƌůĞƌŝŶďĂnjŦůĂƌŦĂǀĐŦůĂƌĚĂŶŬŽƌƵŶŵĂŬ͕ĂǀůĂŶŵĂŬ͕ŬĞŶĚŝƚƺƌƺLJůĞǀĞLJĂĚŝŒĞƌƚƺƌůĞƌůĞŝůŝƔŬŝŬƵƌŵĂŬŝĕŝŶ
LJĂŶŦŶĚĂĞƔĞLJƐŝnjƺƌĞŵĞĚĞŐƂƌƺůƺƌ͘ ĕŽŒƵŶůƵŬůĂƐƵƚĂƌĂĨŦŶĚĂŶĚĂŚĂĂnjƐŽŒƵƌƵůĂŶŵĂǀŝƌĞŶŬůŝďŝƌŦƔŦŬĕŦŬĂƌŦƌ͘ ƵŶĂďŝLJŽůƺŵŝŶĞƐĂŶƐĚĞŶŝƌ͘

%û<2/2-û6¿Q¿I
OGM ^ƂůĞŶƚĞƌůĞƌĚĞĞƔĞLJůŝǀĞĞƔĞLJƐŝnjĕŽŒĂůŵĂŶŦŶďŝƌďŝƌŝŶŝƚĂŬŝƉĞƚƚŝŒŝƂnjĞůďŝƌƺƌĞŵĞƔĞŬůŝŐƂƌƺůƺƌ͘ĂnjŦůĂƌŦŝƐĞ

MATERYAL ƚŽŵƵƌĐƵŬůĂŶŵĂŝůĞƺƌĞƌ͘
SORULAR
ORTAP)Zd7D'E>DmmZ>m)m
ve heterotrof beslenen ĐĂŶůŦůĂƌĚŦƌ͘ ,ĂLJǀĂŶůĂƌŦŶďŝƌŬŦƐŵŦŶĚĂLJĂƔĂŵƐĂů

ƂnjĞůůĞƔŵŝƔĚŽŬƵǀĞŽƌŐĂŶůĂƌǀĂƌĚŦƌ͘ ,ƺĐƌĞnjĂƌůĂƌŦŶŦŶĚŦƔŬŦƐŵŦŶĚĂ
͘ ,ĂLJǀĂŶůĂƌŦŶĕŽŒƵĞƔĞLJůŝƺƌĞƌ͘ĂnjŦŚĂLJǀĂŶůĂƌĚĂĞƔĞLJůŝƺƌĞŵĞŶŝŶ 2PXUJDV¿]KD\YDQODU¿Q
KONU +$<9$1/$5/(0ý, Sölenterler
Sölenterler JHQHO²]HOOLNOHUL\OHLOJLOL
^ƂůĞŶƚĞƌůĞƌ͕ƐƺŶŐĞƌůĞƌĚĞŶĚĂŚĂŐĞůŝƔŵŝƔŽƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƐLJŽŶĂƐĂŚŝƉƐƵĐƵůŚĂLJǀĂŶůĂƌĚŦƌ͘,ŝĚƌĂ͕ĚĞŶŝnjĂŶĂƐŦ͕
^ƂůĞŶƚĞƌůĞƌ͕ƐƺŶŐĞƌůĞƌĚĞŶĚĂŚĂŐĞůŝƔŵŝƔŽƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƐLJŽŶĂƐĂŚŝƉƐƵĐƵůŚĂLJǀĂŶůĂƌĚŦƌ͘,ŝĚƌĂ͕ĚĞŶŝnjĂŶĂƐŦ͕ ,%D]¿W¸UOHULWHN
ĚĞŶŝnjƔĂŬĂLJŦŒŦǀĞŵĞƌĐĂŶůĂƌƐƂůĞŶƚĞƌůĞƌĞƂƌŶĞŬƚŝƌ͘
ĚĞŶŝnjƔĂŬĂLJŦŒŦǀĞŵĞƌĐĂŶůĂƌƐƂůĞŶƚĞƌůĞƌĞƂƌŶĞŬƚŝƌ͘SölenterlerdĞƐĂďŝƚǀĞƐĞƌďĞƐƚLJƺnjƺĐƺŽůŵĂŬƺnjĞƌĞŝŬŝ
SölenterlerdĞƐĂďŝƚǀĞƐĞƌďĞƐƚLJƺnjƺĐƺŽůŵĂŬƺnjĞƌĞŝŬŝ
+D\YDQODU²NDU\RW£RN ŐĞŶĞůǀƺĐƵƚĨŽƌŵƵǀĂƌĚŦƌ͘DĞƌĐĂŶůĂƌ͕ŚŝĚƌĂůĂƌǀĞĚĞŶŝnjƔĂŬĂLJŦŒŦƐĂďŝƚ͕ĚĞŶŝnjĂŶĂůĂƌŦŝƐĞLJƺnjƺĐƺƐƂůĞŶƚĞƌ
ŐĞŶĞůǀƺĐƵƚĨŽƌŵƵǀĂƌĚŦƌ͘DĞƌĐĂŶůĂƌ͕ŚŝĚƌĂůĂƌǀĞĚĞŶŝnjƔĂŬĂLJŦŒŦƐĂďŝƚ͕ĚĞŶŝnjĂŶĂůĂƌŦŝƐĞLJƺnjƺĐƺƐƂůĞŶƚĞƌ
K¸FUHOLGLU
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ŽŬƵĚƺnjĞLJŝŶĚĞďŝƌŽƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƐLJŽŶŐƂƐƚĞƌĞŶƐƂůĞŶƚĞƌůĞƌĚĞŬĂƐǀĞƐŝŶŝƌĚŽŬƵůĂƌŦŝůĞƺƌĞŵĞŽƌŐĂŶůĂƌŦ LOH£R½DO¿U
N¿VP¿QGD\DÅDPVDOIRQNVL\RQODU¿ 2PXUJDV¿] 2PXUJDO¿ 6²OHQWHUOHUV¸QJHUOHUGHQGDKD
bulunur.
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ŶĐĂŬƐŽůƵŶƵŵǀĞďŽƔĂůƚŦŵƐŝƐƚĞŵůĞƌŝLJŽŬƚƵƌ͘^ƂůĞŶƚĞƌůĞƌŝŶŚƺĐƌĞůĞƌŝŶŝŶĕŽŒƵĕĞǀƌĞƐŝŶĚĞŬŝ
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ƐƵLJůĂĚŽŒƌƵĚĂŶƚĞŵĂƐŚąůŝŶĚĞŽůĚƵŒƵŶĚĂŶŚĞƌƚƺƌůƺŵĂĚĚĞĂůŦƔǀĞƌŝƔŝǀƺĐƵƚLJƺnjĞLJŝĂƌĂĐŦůŦŒŦLJůĂLJĂƉŦůŦƌ͘
ƐƵLJůĂĚŽŒƌƵĚĂŶƚĞŵĂƐŚąůŝŶĚĞŽůĚƵŒƵŶĚĂŶŚĞƌƚƺƌůƺŵĂĚĚĞĂůŦƔǀĞƌŝƔŝǀƺĐƵƚLJƺnjĞLJŝĂƌĂĐŦůŦŒŦLJůĂLJĂƉŦůŦƌ͘
\HULQHJHWLUPHN¸]HUH²]HOOHÅPLÅ Hayvanlar Hayvanlar JHOLÅPLÅRUJDQL]DV\RQDVDKLSVXFXO YHN¿N¿UGDNWDQROXÅPXÅWXU
GRNXYHRUJDQODUYDUG¿U
Süngerler
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ĂnjŦƐƂůĞŶƚĞƌƚƺƌůĞƌŝ͕ĚŝŒĞƌĐĂŶůŦůĂƌůĂďŝƌůŝŬƚĞŬĂƌƔŦůŦŬůŦĨĂLJĚĂLJĂĚĂLJĂůŦŽƌƚĂŬLJĂƔĂŵƔĞŬŝůůĞƌŝŽůƵƔƚƵƌĂďŝůŝƌ͘ ,97DPDP¿KHWHURWURI
❋6¸QJHUOHU ❋%DO¿NODU ĞŶŝnjĂŶĞŵŽŶƵŝůĞƉĂůLJĂĕŽďĂůŦŒŦĂƌĂƐŦŶĚĂďƵƔĞŬŝůĚĞďŝƌďŝƌůŝŬƚĞůŝŬǀĂƌĚŦƌ͘
ĞŶŝnjĂŶĞŵŽŶƵŝůĞƉĂůLJĂĕŽďĂůŦŒŦĂƌĂƐŦŶĚĂďƵƔĞŬŝůĚĞďŝƌďŝƌůŝŬƚĞůŝŬǀĂƌĚŦƌ͘
DQHPRQXLOHSDO\D£REDO¿½¿DUDV¿QGD ,ĂLJǀĂŶůĂƌąůĞŵŝŶĚĞƐŝŶŝƌ
,ĂLJǀĂŶůĂƌąůĞŵŝŶĚĞƐŝŶŝƌ
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ŚƺĐƌĞůĞƌŝŶĞŝůŬŬĞnjƐƂůĞŶƚĞƌůĞƌĚĞƌĂƐƚůĂŶŦƌ͘
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ŚĂLJǀĂŶůĂƌĚŦƌ͘ sƺĐƵƚůĂƌŦƚŽƌďĂ͕ŬĂĚĞŚǀĞLJĂǀĂnjŽƔĞŬůŝŶĚĞĚŝƌ͘ ^ƺŶŐĞƌůĞƌŝŶǀƺĐƵĚƵĕŽŬƐĂLJŦĚĂĂĕŦŬůŦŒĂƐĂŚŝƉƚŝƌ͘❋ýNL<DÅDPO¿ODU \DUJ¿ODU¿QGDQKDQJLOHUL
EXOXQPD]+D\YDQODU¿Q£R½X ❋6ROXFDQODU
ƵĂĕŦŬůŦŬůĂƌĚĂŶŐŝƌĞŶƐƵŝůĞƐƺŶŐĞƌůĞƌŝŶǀƺĐƵƚŚƺĐƌĞůĞƌŝĂƌĂƐŦŶĚĂŐĂnjĂůŦƔǀĞƌŝƔŝ͕ďĞƐŝŶĂůŦŵŦǀĞĂƚŦŬůĂƌŦŶ
^ƂůĞŶƚĞƌůĞƌŝŶďĂnjŦůĂƌŦĂǀĐŦůĂƌĚĂŶŬŽƌƵŶŵĂŬ͕ĂǀůĂŶŵĂŬ͕ŬĞŶĚŝƚƺƌƺLJůĞǀĞLJĂĚŝŒĞƌƚƺƌůĞƌůĞŝůŝƔŬŝŬƵƌŵĂŬŝĕŝŶ
^ƂůĞŶƚĞƌůĞƌŝŶďĂnjŦůĂƌŦĂǀĐŦůĂƌĚĂŶŬŽƌƵŶŵĂŬ͕ĂǀůĂŶŵĂŬ͕ŬĞŶĚŝƚƺƌƺLJůĞǀĞLJĂĚŝŒĞƌƚƺƌůĞƌůĞŝůŝƔŬŝŬƵƌŵĂŬŝĕŝŶ
VDELWYHVHUEHVW\¸]¸F¸ROPDN +D\YDQODUžOHPLQGHVLQLUK¸FUHOHULQH
❋6¸U¸QJHQOHU ĕŽŒƵŶůƵŬůĂƐƵƚĂƌĂĨŦŶĚĂŶĚĂŚĂĂnjƐŽŒƵƌƵůĂŶŵĂǀŝƌĞŶŬůŝďŝƌŦƔŦŬĕŦŬĂƌŦƌ͘
ĕŽŒƵŶůƵŬůĂƐƵƚĂƌĂĨŦŶĚĂŶĚĂŚĂĂnjƐŽŒƵƌƵůĂŶŵĂǀŝƌĞŶŬůŝďŝƌŦƔŦŬĕŦŬĂƌŦƌ͘ƵŶĂďŝLJŽůƺŵŝŶĞƐĂŶƐĚĞŶŝƌ͘
ƵŶĂďŝLJŽůƺŵŝŶĞƐĂŶƐĚĞŶŝƌ͘ GR½UXGXU"
ƵnjĂŬůĂƔƚŦƌŦůŵĂƐŦƐĂŒůĂŶŦƌ͘ ❋<XPXÅDN£DODU
^ƺŶŐĞƌůĞƌ͕LJĂŬĂůĂĚŦŒŦŵŝŬƌŽƐŬŽďŝŬŽƌŐĂŶŝnjŵĂůĂƌŦǀĞŽƌŐĂŶŝŬƉĂƌĕĂĐŦŬůĂƌŦŚƺĐƌĞŝĕŝ
HÅH\OL¸UHU%D]¿KD\YDQODUGD ¸]HUHLNLJHQHOY¸FXWIRUPXYDUG¿U LONNH]V²OHQWHUOHUGHUDVWODQ¿U
❋.XÅODU ^ƂůĞŶƚĞƌůĞƌĚĞĞƔĞLJůŝǀĞĞƔĞLJƐŝnjĕŽŒĂůŵĂŶŦŶďŝƌďŝƌŝŶŝƚĂŬŝƉĞƚƚŝŒŝƂnjĞůďŝƌƺƌĞŵĞƔĞŬůŝŐƂƌƺůƺƌ͘ĂnjŦůĂƌŦŝƐĞ
^ƂůĞŶƚĞƌůĞƌĚĞĞƔĞLJůŝǀĞĞƔĞLJƐŝnjĕŽŒĂůŵĂŶŦŶďŝƌďŝƌŝŶŝƚĂŬŝƉĞƚƚŝŒŝƂnjĞůďŝƌƺƌĞŵĞƔĞŬůŝŐƂƌƺůƺƌ͘ĂnjŦůĂƌŦŝƐĞ $ <DOQ¿],,
ƐŝŶĚŝƌŝŵLJŽůƵLJůĂƉĂƌĕĂůĂƌ͘ ❋(NOHPEDFDNO¿ODU
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ƚŽŵƵƌĐƵŬůĂŶŵĂŝůĞƺƌĞƌ͘
ƚŽŵƵƌĐƵŬůĂŶŵĂŝůĞƺƌĞƌ͘ 6²OHQWHUOHULQED]¿ODU¿DYF¿ODUGDQ
❋'HULVLGLNHQOLOHU
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ƐƉĞƌŵƺƌĞƚŝƌ͘ 'ĞĕŵŝƔƚĞďĂnjŦƐƺŶŐĞƌůĞƌĞǀǀĞǀƺĐƵƚƚĞŵŝnjůŝŒŝŶĚĞLJĂLJŐŦŶŽůĂƌĂŬŬƵůůĂŶŦůŵŦƔƚŦƌ͘
V²OHQWHU²UQHNOHULGLU YH\DGL½HUW¸UOHUOHLOLÅNLNXUPDN & ,YH,,,
'RNXG¸]H\LQGHELURUJDQL]DV\RQ L£LQ£R½XQOXNODVXWDUDI¿QGDQGDKD ' ,,,YH,9 
ĚĞnjĞŵŝŶĞďĂŒůŦŽůĂƌĂŬLJĂƔĂLJĂŶĞn basit organizasyona sahip ( ,,,,,YH,9 &(9$3%
SÜNGERLER
ǀĞLJĂǀĂnjŽƔĞŬůŝŶĚĞĚŝƌ͘ ^ƺŶŐĞƌůĞƌŝŶǀƺĐƵĚƵĕŽŬƐĂLJŦĚĂĂĕŦŬůŦŒĂƐĂŚŝƉƚŝƌ͘
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ĞƌŝŶǀƺĐƵƚŚƺĐƌĞůĞƌŝĂƌĂƐŦŶĚĂŐĂnjĂůŦƔǀĞƌŝƔŝ͕ďĞƐŝŶĂůŦŵŦǀĞĂƚŦŬůĂƌŦŶ
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