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; < =< K.@ 0 3 C DL M DF8: =L .>/ D9/ > H I 6 3 J
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; < =< 0 VL 6 R 95 6 ; < =< 0 J 0W 4 4 6 X 6 B T 0 Y>C
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3C D DQ=6 2 6 3 J , 5 Q 0 ]! .#$ N B T 45 6 D 89 A =< 23
3 O6 O .> 9$ N J = 3 ^ , =E TOLD 0 >/ ;= 0 0 P ^9 ; < =<
= / ; <# F C> 0 ; < *=N 3 9^N ; 0 D< $ 0
(6/4_ =9 ) 7 7/8 6 5/6 D UL = ; < =< .>/ 0 TOLD ;= 0 _ =6 #$ N
6 ^6 3= , O T O6 O D C 3 9^N ; 0 , O D<>C ; @ P> # > e 9 . =
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sobhanid@mums.ac.ir .>O@ ./ ! B= P h@ , C =g 1
.>O@ $ P h@ , C =g 2
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.>O@ ./ ! B= P h@ 6 M P N 4
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10
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1 Pervasive development disorder

2 Deviant
3 Lindgren, Folstein, Tomblin, Tager-Flusberg, 2009
4 Noens, van Berckelaer-Onnes, 2005
5 Whitehouse, Watt, Line, Bishop, 2009
6 Tager-Flusberg, 1999
7 Oram Cary, Flagg E.J. Roberts, Roberts, 2005
8 Zwaigenbaum, 2001
9 Tager-Flusberg H. et al. 2009
10 Tath et al. 2007
11 Kjelgaard, 2001
12 Sadock, Saduk, 2003
 121.... 0 3 C N[ D5 1392 ; 95 6 O 1P / 37

.(2003 A A S2001 h 8$ N 6 h <) > < ^ $ E f@6

3 3 O@U 9N 0 0 2 6 =6 $ 7 ./ 3 C DL M 0
s R 95 6 ; < =< 0 49M =L .(2001 h 8$ N 6 h <) N q=5 45 6
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]6 ]6 p$ 3 < ; ) # K.@ 3 C DL M D Q 0 0Y . =/
,8 Q ;> 4C <D Jw ; Nx P :u 9/ , =F 9M ; < =< .(2005
9Q # ^< >J $ ; ; 0 ; G C > 0= ] V F 4 .6 $ DG .> 95
S 2009 h 8$ N 6 6 95U=$ ; N> U) >/ H D$ 2 ,8 6 0 =:
1
.(1998 K C <=
< 3 C P0=M :K / D< > / e =N =N 0 ,-89: 0 # . R 95 6 ; < =<
(2001 h 8$ N 6 h < 2009 n @ - , k=C # S1999 o 8$ N 6) /
2
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3
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4
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; # .(2003 A A S 2007 ; . C , 6) # 1 45 6 789: ON Z !
; < =< ; < < 0 ,-89: .# ; < =< 3 9$ ,-89: D I=
P>/ B T ; =@< R 95 6 ; < =< = <> , U L : 3 OU 2 .# P < K.@
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1 Newcomer , Hammill, 1998

2 Kleinhans, Muller, Cohen, Courchesne, 2008
3 Condouris, Meyer, 2003
4 Articulation
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CELF ) > 9 3 O = 0 D5 D (2003) ; . C ] > =< h D U L
D9: ! R 95 6 ; < =< 3 O= 0 (Peabody, Expressive vocabulary Test
C R 95 6 ; < =< D< > ; @ =: D U L (2003 h 8$ N 6 ] > =<)>
(2005) ; . C ] m= P 8 .> < H5< !, 0 ;= 0 \=
; 0 3>/ / VL D R 95 6 ; < =< K.@ = 3 - ^ U 6 3 DU
D< # UM .(2005 ] =m . ; k=l ) > / < VL $ F ; D.
S>/ B T (ADI-R) > 9 ;= 0 R < R 95 6 A =< 89 3 D< (2001) h < X 6
O6 O g D. =L # ; =f C 4C R 95 6 ; < =< 0 3 O6 O D< ;@ e 9
3 0; D / > : 2 ;= 0 0 $P |^ 6 , < > U=6 ;= 0 >
7 M .# 2 >M 0 3 O6 O ; < =< 0 g h = 0 .# _ =9 >M 0 6 !
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. N4 6; 0 $ R 95 6 ; < =< 0 J

$
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P > .> 9$ N JD UL = 45 6 D 89 5! A =< 23 M ZC [! :3 D Q
 123.... 0 3 C N[ D5 1392 ; 95 6 O 1P / 37

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.> = ; 0 $ 45 6 ; < =< s9f {9 k >
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=Q B> . =N 3 O > R =6 ,-89: =Q B> . C - .$ ,-89: D 89 B>
=Q B> .7 < 3 } q E ,-89: =/ ,8.@ =Q B> . C 5< !
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3 . C #OQ <> R/ t _ =6 E f@6 3 O = 0 B T ( ./ ! 3 C P> ! X 2
.>/ P y / CP = : 3
v = $ / 0 ]! > K.@ I 6 3 J R 95 6 ; < =< D< T 0
h C C ;= 0 B T 0 ]! .> >/ D9$ N v V FI 6 3 J =v D >9 , 5 Q
3 N <D X 6> ~ f9 =Q= 3 C P> ! 0 J8: 7=F # , 82 <
;0 9^N ; h 9: ; < =< r= ; D R < =v D X 6 e 9 ; 7 > .>/
.#$ N J
1
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O = 0 P : .# ;= 0 P : 9 K / ;= 0 .>/ TC j L ( }F P 0 5M
K .6 D Q > 6 3 =9 A C ^/ ; Nx L ; Nx 3 =E6 ; Nx :K / H 6 6 D
H ;= 0 3 C D 9$ k .# D < > U=6 Q K 6 D < 3 +N 6 3 =9
.> Z K > 6 * 0 P ^9 1 9f y=L 3 ^U H h X 20 $ K< 3 ^U
;@ H ; = - .#/ J =L 5 >M O < 6 O= 0 P : 3 ^U H
. < P ^9 ; 2 ; e 9 ; =6 # 3 9 5 ;= 0 v = ;= 0 D< >C

1 Newcomer & Hammill

 1392 ; 95 6 O 1P / 37 >O@ $ P h@ P @ U /; 3 CZC [! 124

A C ^/ ; Nx L ; Nx 3 =E6 ; Nx 3 O = 0 P : ^U H h
89 76 :H 6 6 D D < > U=6 Q K 6 D <3 N 6 3 =9 K .6 D Q > 6 3 =9
.>/ 82 94 90 81 90 74 89

%
BT 7 D .> 9$ N J D5 = TOLD ;= 0 0 ;= 0 P : D ZC [!
K > 6 O= 0 P : >9 , DD D< > # D > *0 :, ;= 0
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O= 0 P : >9 , D I= ^ F=6 7 >Q .1 P / 7 >Q
) 0 1 ./ - , *+ , % ) & ' (
1,37 3,81 9,90 3 23 3 =E6 ; Nx
1,13 3,60 7,30 3 23 L ; Nx
1,25 3,70 7,90 3 23 C ^/ ; Nx
0,82 3,36 6,30 3 23 3 =9 A
1,81 4,58 9,90 3 23 D Q> 6
1,41 3,96 7,90 3 23 3 =9 K .6
1,27 3,42 8,90 3 23 D < 3 +N 6
1,22 3,52 7,60 3 23 Q K 6
1,97 6,44 8,60 3 23 D < > U=6

D > < > U=6 O = 0 P : 3 < 9@ Y h >9 , D< T 0

. < D5 h >. ; =6 O= 0 P : >9 , ; =6 KU C
3 =E6 ; Nx D Q > 6 D < > U=6 3 O6 O P> # > >9 ,
9 < (3,81 4,58 6,44 H 6 6 D >9 , )> s Ef6 =: D , 9@
3,52 H 6 6 D >9 , ) > N KF M 3 =9 A Q K 6 , O ,
.(3,36
.>/ P ^9 (13 Df5 ) SPSS $ B 0 O= 0 P : >9 , K 6 D T6 #OQ
 125.... 0 3 C N[ D5 1392 ; 95 6 O 1P / 37

K- * (Non- Parametric) R 9 ! 3 C ;= 0 0 CP 2 w 0=6 6 #OQ >9

Z-independent ;= 0 _ =6 OC N Y89: ; = .>/ P ^9 Independent sample
.(>/ D9$ N v P≤.05 3 VL ) #$ N J = Mann-Whitney
.# P>/ P O= 0 P : >9 , D I= ^ F=6 3CP 1P / 7 >Q
3 +N 6 3 =9 K .6 3 =9 A C ^/ ; Nx 3 =E6 ; Nx 3 O = 0 P :
0,06 0,01 0,06 H 6 6 D C P-Value) = Y89: D < > U=6 Q K 6 D <
.(> # > 0,016 0,001 0,001
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> 6 C ^/ ; Nx (0,000 0,014 C P-Value) D < > U=6 D Q > 6 L ; Nx
P-) D < > U=6 D Q > 6 3 =9 A (0,00 0,01 C P-Value) D < > U=6 D Q
> U=6 Q K 6 D < 3 +N 6 3 =9 K .6 D Q > 6 (0,00 0,00 C Value
K 6 D < 3 +N 6 (0,00 P-Value) D < > U=6 3 =9 K .6 (05.≥P-Value) D <
D< P 8 O= 0 .(P-Value= 0.00) > 9/ 3 , ^6 D < > U=6 Q
7 >Q) > > ; @ 3 , ^6 h >. O= 0 0 0 R € C >/ H5< !,
.(1

2
9@ 3 =E6 ; Nx D Q > 6 D < > U=6 3 O6 O :D< ; @ ZC [! 0 KF M e 9
P>/ H5< , D< V =6 .> z E9: =: D R 95 6 ; < =< ,
789: # C 1 .6 \= ; =6 # - 9M •# - D Q > 6 D < > U=6 1 U .6
> U=6 # F D $ D 3 > / =L , < D < > U=6 P>/ M 2 1 .6 .#5 _ 6
= # - 5 R 95 6 ; < =< > 6 =6 D< T 0 .#$ N J 0 = 1D <
O/ N D @ (3 : 6 > 6 , =E 4C #@! 3 C> 6) 2 =N A [! 789: 3 > 9
3
U 9M # ; =6 3 =E6 ; Nx 1 .6 , ; = - V =6 .(2010 l ) >/ P>

1
Accuracy in articulation
2
Echolalia
3
Beaud, 2010
 1392 ; 95 6 O 1P / 37 >O@ $ P h@ P @ U /; 3 CZC [! 126

1
# N # 95 ! ] = 3 N) #5 5 ; < =< 3- 2 , O
(2013
e 9 U 9M # D< > # > 3 =9 A Q K 6 3 O6 O , 9 <
.#5 ; . C ] > < X 6 =5 C ; < =< < ,- ./ D ; =6
> 6 3 =E6 ; Nx K /) 3 9^N ; 0 3 O6 O D< >/ sf@ P> # > e 9 D DQ=6
;> .#/ =Q 3 , ^6 R 95 6 $ 0 3 O6 O {< (D < > U=6 D Q
O6 O D5 D < > U=6 D Q > 6 3 =E6 ; Nx , O R 95 6 $ D< #
L ; Nx v O6 O D. U M .= 2 $D R 3>M 6 9O . 3
3 $D #5 Q K 6 D < 3 +N 6 3 =9 K .6 3 =9 A C ^/ ; Nx
.(1 P / = ) = =: 3 6 ! . VL 0

; Nx ;= 0 P : D I= “pic” =E6 K u .>/ O = 0 P : D I= >9 , .1 =

C ^/ ; Nx ;= 0 P : D I= “verbal” L ; Nx ;= 0 P : D I= “associate” 3 =E6
D Q > 6 ;= 0 P : D I= “imitate” 3 =9 A ;= 0 P : D I= “grammer”
D < 3 +N 6 ;= 0 P : D I= “word” 3 =9 K .6 ;= 0 P : D I= “complete”

1 Greenaway, Davis, Plaisted-Grant, 2013

 127.... 0 3 C N[ D5 1392 ; 95 6 O 1P / 37

.>/ D < > U=6 ;= 0 P : D I= “article.” Q K 6 ;= 0 P : D I= “phonology”

‚; 0 < ;0 D5 D< ; @ R 95 6 ; < =< 3 (2007) ; . C , 6 D U L
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.> 9/ 3 9O . (... Q K 6 3 =9 A S v ) < 3 O6 O D # 5 (D < > U=6
\= C R 95 6 ; < =< D< > ; @ =: D U L (2003) ; . C ] ><
h 8$ N 6 ] > =<)> < H5< ! , 0 ;= 0
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.= 2 >M 0 6 ! O <
D. ; 0 3>/ / VL D R 95 6 ; < =< K.@ (2005 ) ; . C ] m=
, ^6 M ZC [! =Q .(2005 ] =m . ; k=l ) > / < VL
.>/ P ; @ 3 =9 3 O6 O 3
> > <* N R 95 6 ; < =< 0 3 O6 O =f C (2001) h 8$ h<
D. U M = 2 $P (|^ 6 , < > U=6 ;= 0 > ) O6 O 0 g D< , =F
X 6 .(2001 N 6 h <) > < #$ ,>/ D , ( / D Q 0 ) O9 U $
3 O6 O , ^6 =Q 7 P < 0 ;=h C R 95 6 $ 3 O6 O M
. = O6 O D < > U=6 D Q > 6 3 =E6 ; Nx
z: < R 95 6 ; < =< 6 r= ; s f@6 ; . M ZC [! 3 C D9$
3 O= 0 3 Q ; = =/ D = 4TM !; =Q .#/ >C =: 7 D
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. N P ^9 > 9 3C ; 9@ > 60 6 , UL D< =/ O@!

+ 3
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.# P> H =E6 D >O@ $ P h@ 2/16592 P / @C [!
 1392 ; 95 6 O 1P / 37 >O@ $ P h@ P @ U /; 3 CZC [! 128

4 5
Beaud L. (2010). Echolalia in children with autism: A pragmatic impairment of
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176.
Condouris K., Meyer E., Tager-Flusberg H. (2003). The relationship between standardized
measures of language and measures of spontaneous speech in children with autism.
Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 12(3): 349–58.
Greenaway R., Davis G., Plaisted-Grant K. (2013). Marked selective impairment in autism
on an index of magnocellular function. Neuropsychologia. 51(4):592-600.
Kjelgaard M., Tager-Flusberg H. (2001). An Investigation of Language Impairment in
Autism: Implications for Genetic Subgroups. Lang Cogn Process. 16(2-3): 287–308.
Kleinhans NM, Muller RA, Cohen DN, Courchesne E. (2008). Atypical functional
lateralization of language in autism spectrum disorders. Brain Res. 1221: 115-25.
Lindgren KA, Folstein SE, Tomblin JB, Tager-Flusberg H. (2009). Language and reading
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impairment and their first-degree relatives. Autism Res. 2(1):22-38.
Noens I, van Berckelaer-Onnes IA. (2005). Captured by details: sense-making, language
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Hassanzadeh S., Minaei A. (Persian translators) (1381). .3 Edition. Tehran.
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Neuropsychol.16 (5): 521-5.
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Defining spoken language benchmarks and selecting measures of expressive
language development for young children with autism spectrum disorders. J Speech
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