★KOŃCZYNA GÓRNA★

KOŚCI:
CLAVICLE
sternal end, sternal facet, impression of costaclavicular ligemant [costal tuberosity], shaft of clavicle,
subclavian groove, acromial end, acromial facet, conoid tubercle, trapezoid line, tuberosity for
coracoclavicular ligemant

SCAPULA
costal surface of scapula, muscular lines, posterior surface of scapula, medial border of scapula,
superior border of scapula, lateral border of scapula, superior angle of scapula, inferior angle of
scapula, lateral angle of scapula, spine of scapula, trigonum spinae (szpinda nie podaje angielskiej
nazwy), deltoid tubercle, acromion, acromial angle, clavicular facet, coracoid process, glenoid process
of scapula, glenoid fossa, supraglenoid tubercle, infraglenoid tubercle, subscapular fossa,
supraspinous fossa, infaspinous fossa, superior scapular notch, spinoglenoid notch [inferior scapular
notch], neck of scapula

HUMERUS
head of humerus, anatomical neck of humerus, lesser tubercle, greater tubercle, intertubercular
sulcus, crest of greater tubercle, crest of of lesser tubercle, surgical neck of humerus, anterior border
of humerus, medial border of humerus, lateral border of humerus, medial supracondrylar ridge
[może kończyć się supracondylar process], lateral supracondrylar ridge, anterolateral surface of
humerus, anteromedial surface of humerus, posterior surface of humerus, deltoid tuberosity, radial
groove, condycle of humerus, trochlea of humerus, capitulum of humerus, lateral epicondycle of
humerus, medial epicondycle of humerus, ulnar groove, radial fossa, coronoid fossa, olecranon fossa

RADIUS
head of radius, articular facet of head of radius, articular circumference of head of radius, neck of
radius, radial tuberosity, anterior border of radius [kończy się jako suprastyloid crest], posterior
border of radius, medial border of radius, anterior surface of radius, posterior surface of radius,
lateral surface of radius [na środku pronator tuberosity], carpal articular surface, ulnar notch, styloid
process of radius, grooves for extensor tendons, dorsal radial tubercle
ULNA
trochlear notch, olecranon, coronoid process of ulna, sublime tubercle, radial notch, supinator crest,
ulnar tuberosity, shaft of ulna, anterior border of ulna, posterior border of ulna, interosseous border
of ulna, anterior surface of ulna, posterior surface of ulna, medial surface of ulna, head of ulna,
articular circumference of head of ulna, styloid process of ulna

CARPAL BONES
scaphoid bone; tubercle of scaphoid bone, lunate bone, triquetrum bone, pisiform bone, TRAPEZIUM
bone; tubercle of trapezium bone, trapezoid bone, capitate bone, hamate bone; hook of hamate bone

METACARPALS
metarcapal bones, styloid process of the third metacarpal bone, head of the metacarpal bone

PHALANGES OF HAND
base of phalanx of hand, body of phalanx of hand, head of phalanx of hands, proximal and middle
phalanx of hand; trochlea of phalanx of hand, distal phalanx of hand; tuberosity of distal phalanx of
hand

WIĘZADŁA:
coraco-acromial ligament, superior and inferior transverse scapular ligament, anterior and posterior
sternoclavicular ligament, interclavicular ligament, costoclavicular ligament, acromioclavicular
ligament, trapezoid ligament, conoid ligament, coracohumeral ligament, glenohumeral ligament
[superior, middle, inferior], transverse humeral ligament, ulnar collateral ligament, radial collateral
ligament, anular ligament of radius, quadrate ligament, interosseous membrane of forearm; oblique
cord

[zakładam optymistycznie, że więzadeł dłoni nie widać]

MIĘŚNIE:
SCAPULOHUMERAL
deltoid [clavicular, acromial, scapular spinal parts], supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor,
subscapularis, teres major

BRACHIAL
biceps brachii; long head of the biceps brachii, short head of the biceps brachii, brachialis,
coracobrachialis, triceps brachii; long head of triceps brachii, lateral head of triceps brachii, medial
head of triceps brachii

ANTERBRACHIAL
pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum
superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus, brachioradialis,
extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, supinator (nie widać go), extensor
digitorum, extensor carpi ulnaris, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis
longus, flexor retinaculum, extensor retinaculum

THENAR
abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis muscle, adductor pollicis,

HYPOTHENAR
palmaris brevis, abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi, opponens digiti minimi

+ lumbrical muscles of hand, palmar interossei muscles of hand, dorsal interossei muscles of hand,
palmar aponeurosis, superficial dorsal fascia of hand
NERWY:
TRUNKS OF BRACHIAL PLEXUS: superior middle, inferior

POSTERIOR CORD OF BRACHIAL PLEXUS: superior and inferior subscapular nerve, thoracodorsal
nerve, axillary nerve, radial nerve

LATERAL CORD OF BRACHIAL PLEXUS: lateral pectoral nerve, musculocutaneous nerve, lateral root
of median nerve

MEDIAL CORD OF BRACHIAL PLEXUS: medial pectoral nerve, medial brachial cutaneous nerve,
medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve, ulnar nerve, medial root of median nerve

INNE: dorsal scapular nerve, long thoracic nerve, suprascapular nerve, subclavian nerve, MEDIAN
NERVE, anterior interosseous nerve of forearm, common lateral palmar digital nerves, proper lateral
palmar digital nerves,

NACZYNIA:
TĘTNICE
AXILLARY ARTERY
superior thoracic artery, thoracoacromial artery, lateral thoracic artery

subscapular artery -> thoracodorsal artery, circumflex scapular artery,

anterior and posterior circumflex humeral artery

> BRACHIAL ARTERY

odgałęzienia: deep brachial artery, radial collateral artery [anterior and posterior branches], middle
collateral artery, superior ulnar collateral artery, inferior ulnar collateral artery [anterior and
posterior branches,

> RADIAL ARTERY

razem z deep palmar branch of ulnar artery tworzy deep palmar arch,

radial recurrent artery; anterior and posterior branch of radial recurrent artery

> ULNAR ARTERY

ulnar recurrent artery [anterior and posterior], common interosseous artery, anterior and posterior
interosseous artery
+ dorsal carpal anastomosis: dorsal supraretinacular arch, dorsal radiocarpal arch, dorsal intercarpal
arch
+ palmar carpal anastomosis: palmar metaphysial arch, palmar radiocarpal arch, proximal palmar
intercarpal arch, distal palmar intercarpal arch
[???? mma nadzieje ze to nie będzie potrzebne]
superficial palmar arch: common palmar digital arteries > proper palmar digital arteries
deep palmar arch: palmar metacarpal arteries

ŻYŁY
palmar digital venous arches, cephalic vein, basilic vein, deep and superficial venous palmar
arch,radial veins, ulnar veins, anterior and posterior interosseous veins, brachial veins, axillary vein

tipy na rozpoznawanie ig???

musculocutaneous nerve przebija coracobrachialis muscle

V tworzona przez lateral and medial root of median nerve > po środku nerw pośrodkowy [median
nerve]

median nerve biegnie razem z brachial artery

posterior cord (pęczek tylny) oddaje nerwy PP > pachowy i promieniowy (po ang to nie działa)

axillary nerve biegnie z posterior circumflex humeral artery [tak można rozróżnić anterior od
posterior (posterior jest jeszcze szersza)]

radial nerve biegnie razem z deep brachial artery

cephalic vein leci przez bruzdę boczną m. dwugłowego ramienia

deltoid muscle > brachialis muscle > brachioradialis muscle

[na jednym preparacie było widać suprascapular nerve więc just in case: przechodzi on przez superior
scapular notch]

brachioradialis leży nad extensor carpi radialis longus, który leży na extensor carpi radialis brevis

flexor carpi ulnaris przyczepia się do pisiform bone > pod nim są ulnar nerve i ulnar artery [dr lepich
nazwał to triadą łokciową] > a po drugiej stronie kości łokciowej jest extensor carpi ulnaris

pod flexor digitorum superficialis głebiej po stronie kciuka leży flexor pollicis longus, a z drugiej strony
flexor digitorum superficialis (jakby scalone kilka ścięgien) > pod nimi jest interosseous membrane of
forearm i na niej mogą zaznaczyć te naczynia/ nerwy międzykostne

palmaris longus jako jedyny nie przechodzi przez flexor retinaculum

[spis naczyń i więzadeł nie jest pełny, bo mnie aż głowa rozbolała od nich. plus większości z nich na
oczy nie widziałam]