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Transportation Engineering, Institute of Engineering (IOE)

National college of Engineering (NCE)

TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT MODELING

Chapter 1
Lecture 1

Instructor: Neeva Dahal Msc. In Transportation Engineering, IOE Pulchowk

Campus
11/24/2022 er.neeva.dahal@gmail.com
• 100 = Theory
• 80 = IOE Final Exam
• 20 = NCE Internal
• 4 = Attendance
• 4 =Tutorials, Old questions, Assignments, Presentations)
• 6 = Assessment 1
• 6 = Assessment 2

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Traffic and Transport Modeling

1. Introduction
2. Mathematical Prerequisites
3. Data and space
4. Traffic Forecasting
5. Transportation Survey
6. Trip generation Modeling
7. Trip Distribution Modeling
8. Modal split Model
9. Trip Assignment

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1. Introduction

1.1. Background: Traffic and transportation

engineering
1.2. Introduction to transportation planning
1.3. Models and model developing process
1.4. Characteristics of Transport Problems
1.5. Issues in Transport planning and Modeling

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Transportation

• Movement of people and Goods

• Covering some geographical space
• Enhance access to service and facilities
• Indicator of mobility(factor productivity(reduction in travel
time))
• Deals with Nodes (junctions) and Links(distance between
the nodes)
• Basis of equity.
• Considered as “Infrastructure of Infrastructure”.
• Considered with Economic Growth

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Transportation influences

• Accessibility and Mobility (Basic and improved)

• Economic ( Production, distribution & consumption of
Goods &Services)
• Environment ( Several adverse affect i.e. Air pollution,
Noise, etc.)
• Tourism (Tourism is all about travel so it plays vital role in
its operation)
• Politics (Communicating with people, foreign agencies)

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Engineering:
Application of science and mathematics for the optimum
conversion of resources of nature to the use of mankind.

Transportation Engineering:
Application of technology and scientific principles to the planning,
functional design, operation and management of facilities for any
mode of transportation in order to provide the safe, rapid,
comfortable, convenient, economical and environmentally
compatible movement of people and goods.

Scopes:
Planning, Design, Management of Highway Engineering, Airways
Engineering, Railway Engineering, Ropeway Engineering, Tunnel
Engineering, Freight Transportation.

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Transport System Component:

• Fixed Facilities (Infrastructure and network)

o Infrastructure and terminals
o Links, nodes
o Terminals
• Flow Entities (Vehicles)
• Control System(and flow control)
o Vehicular control
o Flow control
• Stakeholder
o Investors, suppliers, owners
o Regulators ND 11/24/2022
Road Network

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Air Transportation

• One International Airport(3 on pipeline)

• 28 domestic Airports(operation)

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Railway Network(Proposed)

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Freight Transportation

Kathmandu Sukkha
Bandargaha

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Other modes of Transportation

• Waterways on Koshi, Gandaki and Karnali rivers (proposed)

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Mobility Enhancement(Tunnel Engineering)

Kalanki Underpass Naghdhunga Tunnel

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Traffic
• Consist of road user and vehicles either singly or together, while using the
public way for purposes of travel.
• Traffic Engineering
Comparatively new branch that uses engineering techniques to achieve
the safe and efficient movement of people and goods on roadways.
Traffic engineering deals with functional part of transportation system,
except the infrastructures provided.
As per Institute of traffic Engineers(ITE)” Phase of Engineering that
deals with planning, geometry design and traffic operations of roads and
streets and highways, their networks, terminals, relationships with other
modes of transportation for the achievement of safe, efficient and
convenient movement of people and goods”
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Scope of Traffic Engineering:

1. Traffic Characteristics(Road user and Vehicular

Characteristics)
2. Traffic study speed, Volume, Origin- destination, capacity,
Accident/Crash, Parking)
3. Traffic Operation (Control through Sign, Signal and
Marking and Regulation)
4. Traffic Design(Design of intersection, terminals, lighting,
parking facilities, Design of expressway, bus stop.
5. Traffic Planning
6. Traffic Administration and Management( 3E’s – Engineering,
Enforcement and Education)
7. Continual Research ND 11/24/2022
Planning

• Planning may be defined as the activity or process that

examines the potential of future actions to guide a situation
or a system towards a desired direction, for example,
towards the attainment of positive goals, the avoidance of
problems or both.
• In a simple words a process of looking ahead and setting a
course of action satisfy future needs is called Planning.
• Plan the work and Work the plan
• Planning deals with Forecasting of developments and thus
predicts what the future looks like.

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Planning answers:

1. Where are we now?

• Trends and conditions relating to population,
transportation system, etc.
2. Where do we want to go?
• Major Issues, obstacles, & opportunities
3. What will guide us?
• Mission, goals, objectives etc.
4. How will we get there?
• Project, Program, etc.
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Transport Planning

• Ongoing process of developing and maintaining a

transportation system for the safe and efficient movement of
goods and people.
• Cyclical process which deals with safe and efficient operation
of transportation modes, planning for future requirement or
improvement & also about technical & economic aspect of
transportation system.
• It involves the use of mathematical models to predict the
impact of various alternatives policies for long term
development of transportation system.
• Must be an integral part of a much wider process of
decision making.
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Transportation Planning

• Transportation problem is unique than other

common development issues as it gets worse with
economic growth.
• Purpose is to provide systematic and neutral
information to support decision-making; which
involve the evaluation of alternative and the
selection of the most highly values feasible
alternative.
Transportation planning can be
Short Term Planning (Less of 5 years)
Long Term Planning(20 years) ND 11/24/2022
Transportation planning Approach:
• There are various approaches of
transportation planning, among
them the most basic and common
type is Rational System Approach
of Transportation Planning.
• The procedure adopted in rational
system approach planning is
summarized in from of chart as

System approach of Transportation

Planning Process
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Scope of Transportation Planning

❖ System Characteristics: System component &

hierarchy
❖ System purpose: Mobility & Accessibility
❖ System Performance
❖ System Capacity
❖ System Impact
❖ Demand Analysis
❖ Supply Analysis
❖ System evaluation
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❖ Decision Making
Land Use and Transportation Planning

• Land Use means the spatial distribution or geological pattern of a

city: residential areas, industry, commercial areas, retail business,
and he space set aside for governmental, institutional and
recreational purposes.
• Land use potential is a measure of the scale of socioeconomic
activity.
• Actions by transportation agencies shape land use by providing
infrastructure to improve accessibility and mobility. This increase the
utility of land and leads to more intensive land use.
• Integration of land-use & transportation system is to ensure that
there is an efficient balance between land-use activity and
transportation capacity.

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Land Use transport Cycle

A coordinated approach to transportation and land planning

yields many benefits to communities: land planners can better
anticipate which areas, previously inaccessible or less
accessible, are likely to become attractive for development due
to transportation project.

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Proper Planning

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People Centric Planning

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Lack of coordination

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Institutional organization

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Different planning Available in Nepal

District Transport Master Plan(DTMP)

Municipal Transport Master Plan(MTMP)
Provincial Transport Master Plan(PTMP)
Integrated Urban Development Plan(IUDP)
Regional Urban Integrated Master Plan(RUDP)
Land Use Planning
National Transport Master Plan

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