1

1 HISTORY

ANCIENT HISTORY

Prehistory ➢ Religions
➢ Seals and Images
❖ Prehistoric Time Periods
❖ Economic Aspects of Indus Valley
❖ Sources of Information of Pre
Civilisation
History
➢ Harappan Trade
❖ History of Palaeolithic Or Old Stone
➢ Agriculture
Age
❖ History of Mesolithic Or Middle ➢ Domestication of animals

Stone Age ➢ Weights and Measures

❖ History of Neolithic Age Or New
Stone Age
❖ History of Chalcolithic Age
➢ Major Chalcolithic Cultures
❖ History of Early Iron Age
❖ Decline of Harappan Civilisation
➢ Theories on Causes of Decline
➢ Interplay of Multiple Factors
History of Early Vedic/Rigvedic

❖ Geographical Distribution and Period

Characteristics of Pre-History ❖ Sources for Information about

Harappan/Indus Vedic Society and Culture

Valley Civilisation ❖ Extent and Geography of the Rig

Vedic Period
❖ Phases of Evolution of Harappan
❖ Evolution of Political Organisation
Civilisation
❖ Societal Setup
❖ Geography and Archaeological
Findings of Indus Valley Civilisation ❖ Economic Aspects

➢ Important Urban Towns ❖ Issues Concerning Religion and

➢ Town Planning Culture

❖ Socio-Cultural Aspects of Indus ➢ Deities

Valley Civilisation ➢ Customs
➢ Script and Language ➢ Literature
➢ Crafts

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 History of Later Vedic Period Jainism and Buddhism

❖ Extent and Geography of the Later ❖ Factors Responsible for their

Vedic Period Advent

❖ Development of Early Political

Jainism
Organisation

❖ Social Organisation and Hierarchy ❖ Birth and Life of Mahavira (540-

468 B.C.)
❖ Economic Activities
❖ Tirthankaras of Jainism
❖ Issues Concerning Religion and
❖ Teachings of Mahavira
Culture ❖ Important Tenets of Jainism
➢ Deities ❖ Five Doctrines of Jainism
➢ Customs ❖ Three Jewels of Jainism

➢ Literature ❖ Organizational Setup and Sects of

Jainism
➢ Philosophies
❖ Jain Councils

History of South India: The ❖ Literature of Jainism

Sangam Dynasties ❖ Jain Architecture

❖ Sangam Literature
❖ Important Kings, Capital, Emblem,
Most Important Developments of:
❖ Associated Terminology
❖ Overall Contribution
Buddhism

➢ Cholas ❖ Birth and Life of Buddha (563-483

➢ Cheras BC)
➢ Great Events
➢ Pandyas
❖ Teachings of Buddha
❖ Aspects of:
➢ 3 Jewels
➢ Administration ➢ 4 Noble Truths
➢ Society ➢ 5 Principles
➢ Economy ➢ 8-fold Path
❖ Concept of Bodhisattvas
➢ Religion
❖ Organisation (Sangha) and Sects of
➢ Culture
Buddhism
❖ Dynasties of Foreign Origin ❖ Buddhist Councils
❖ Trade and Commerce with the ❖ Spread of Buddhism and Royal
Outside World Patronage

❖ Art and Architecture ❖ Literary Sources of Buddhism

➢ 3 Pittakas

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❖ Causes for the Decline ❖ Aspects of Mauryan Polity
❖ Overall Contribution of Buddhism ➢ Administration (Important
(UNESCO World Heritage Sites) Offices)
➢ Society
Age of Mahajanapadas (Pre-
❖ Foreign Relations
Mauryan Period)
❖ Decline of the Mauryas

❖ Polity: Republics and Monarchies

History of Post Mauryan Period
❖ The 16 Mahajanapadas
❖ Sources of Information about this
❖ Rise of Magadha
Period
❖ Important Dynasties
❖ Shungas
➢ Haryanka dynasty
❖ Kanvas
➢ Shishunaga Dynasty
❖ Chedis
➢ Nanda Dynasty
❖ Satavahanas
❖ Persian Invasions
➢ Political Setup
❖ Alexander’s Invasion
➢ Administration
❖ Society and Rise of Cities/Towns
➢ Economy
❖ Economy during Mahajanapadas
➢ Society
Period
➢ Religion
❖ Administrative Setup
➢ Art and Architecture

Mauryan Empire ➢ Literature

❖ Sources of Information about the
Period
➢ Inscriptions
➢ Coins and Sites
➢ Literary Sources (Indian Texts
and Travellers Account)
❖ Political History of the Mauryas
➢ Chandragupta
➢ Bindusara
➢ Ashoka and His Successors
❖ Ashoka’s Inscriptions and Sites
❖ Ashokan Reign
❖ Ashoka and Buddhism
❖ Ashoka Policy of Dhamma
❖ Indo-Greeks
❖ Origin, Time Period, Important
Kings and their Titles and Most
Important Development under:
➢ Parthians
➢ Sakas
➢ Kushans (Kanishka’s Rule)
History of Gupta Age (Golden
Age )
❖ Sources of Information about Gupta
Period
❖ Important Gupta Kings
➢ Srigupta
➢ Chandragupta I

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 ➢ Samudragupta Harshvardhan and Southern
➢ Chandragupta II
Dynasties in 7th Century India

➢ Kumaragupta I ❖ Military Conquests of

➢ Skandagupta Harshvardhan

❖ Decline of Guptas ❖ Administration

❖ Aspects of Gupta Rule
➢ Administration
➢ Economy
➢ Society
➢ Religion and Culture
➢ Art and Architecture
➢ Divers Literature and Notable
❖ Economy
❖ Society and Culture
❖ Religion
➢ Harsha and Buddhism
❖ Art and Architecture
❖ Pallavas of Kanchi and Chalukyas

Authors of Badami

❖ Foreign Travellers Visit and their ➢ Administration

Account ➢ Economy
❖ Urban centers in Gupta period
➢ Society and Culture
❖ Development of Science and
➢ Religion
Technology
➢ Art and Architecture
❖ Later Guptas
❖ Other Important Dynasties

MEDIEVAL HISTORY

Early Medieval Period (750-1200)
and Dynasties
❖ The Pratiharas (Time Period,
Important Kings and Most Important
Development)
❖ The Palas (Time Period, Important
Kings and Most Important
Development)
❖ The Tripartite Conflict
❖ The Senas (Time Period, Important
Kings and Most Important
Development)
❖ The Rajputs
❖ Rashtrakutas (Time Period,
Important Kings and Most Important
Development)
❖ Indian Feudalism
❖ Administration
❖ Economy
❖ Society and Culture
❖ Art and Architecture
❖ Cholas Dynasty
❖ Chola Rulers (Time Period, Important
Kings and Most Important
Development)

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❖ Chola Administration
❖ Socio-Economic Life during Chola
Rule
❖ Education and Literature
❖ Art and Architecture
❖ The Cheras (Time Period, Important
Kings and Most Important
Development)
❖ The Yadavas (Time Period,
Important Kings and Most Important
Development)
❖ Contact with South-East Asia
Islamic Invasions
❖ Mohd Bin Qasim’s Invasion: The
Arab Conquest of Sindh
❖ Invasion of Mahmud of Ghazni
❖ Invasion of Muhammad Ghuri
The Delhi Sultanate
❖ Slave Dynasty (1206 - 1290 AD)
➢ Qutubuddin Aibak
➢ Iltutmish
➢ Rajia Sultan
➢ Ghiyasuddin Balban
➢ Various Aspects of Rule under
Slaves
❖ Khilji Dynasty (1290-1320 AD)
➢ Jalaluddin Khilji
➢ Alauddin Khilji
➢ Various Aspects of Rule under
Khiljis
❖ Tughlaq Dynasty (1320-1414 AD)
➢ Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
➢ Mohd. Bin Tughlaq
➢ Firuz Shah Tughlaq
➢ Various Aspects of Rule under
Tughlaqs
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➢ Provincial Kingdoms and
Resistance
by Indian Chiefs
❖ Sayyid Dynasty (1414-1451 AD)
❖ Lodhi Dynasty (1451-1526 AD)
➢ Behlul Lodhi
➢ Sikander Lodhi
➢ Ibrahim Lodhi
❖ Administration
➢ Important Administrative
Departments under Delhi
Sultanate
❖ Economy: Various Initiative by
Different Kings
❖ Military and Attacks by Mongols
and other Turks
❖ Society and Culture
❖ Developments that led to - Decline
of the Sultanate
Mughal Rule
Babur
❖ First Battle of Panipat
❖ Challenges of Babur after the Battle
of Panipat
❖ Struggle with Rana Sanga
Humayun
❖ Problems of the Eastern Areas and
the Afghans
❖ Babur’s Contribution and
Significance of his Advent into India
❖ Humayun and the Afghans
❖ Early Activities of Humayun, and
the Tussle with Bahadur Shah
❖ The Gujarat Campaign
❖ The Bengal Campaign, and
Struggle with Sher Khan
❖ Social and Political Background of
Bihar and the Rise of Sher Shah to
Power
❖ The Sur Empire (1540-56)
❖ Contributions of Sher Shah
➢ Coinage
➢ Architecture
Jalaluddin Akbar
❖ Conflict with the Afghans - Hemu
❖ 2nd Battle of Panipat
❖ Battle of Haldighati
Expansion of Empire
❖ Early Expansion of the Empire
(1560-76) - Malwa, Garh-Katanga,
Eastern India (Bihar and Bengal),
Kabul, Kashmir, Khandesh, Parts of
Ahmednagar
❖ Relations with the Rajputs - Growth
of a Composite Ruling Class
❖ Rebellions, and Further Expansion
of the Empire in the North West
❖ Akbar’s Concept of Suzerainty
Administration
❖ Central and Provincial - the Vikalat,
the Central Ministries, Provincial
Government, District and Local
Government
❖ The Working of Government - the
Ruler, Land-Revenue System, the
Dahsala System, the Mansabdari
System and the Army
❖ Concept of Navaratnas
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Socio-religious Initiatives
❖ Relations with the Ulama and Social
Reforms
➢ The First Phase (1556-73)
➢ The Second Phase (1573-80) -
the Ibadat Khana
➢ Third or Final Phase - Din-i-
Ilahi
❖ Jahangir’s Rule and Challenges
❖ Territorial Consolidation and
Expansion of the Empire - Mewar,
East India and Kangra
❖ Arrival of British Envoys in
Jahangir’s Court
❖ State and Religion in the First Half of
the Seventeenth Century
Shah Jahan - Consolidation and
Expansion of the Empire
❖ Development of Art and
Architecture
❖ Evolution of the Mughal Ruling
Class and the Mansabdari System
Aurangzeb
❖ Expansion of Empire
❖ Aurangzeb and the Deccani States
(1658-87)
➢ Treaty of Purandar (1665)
❖ Marathas and the Decean (1687-
1707)
❖ Assessment of Aurangzeb and the
Jagirdari Crisis
Foreign Relations
❖ Akbar and the Uzbeks
❖ The Question of Qandahar and ❖ Trend of India’s Economy and
Relations with Iran Prospects during the First Half of
❖ Shah Jahan’s Balkh Campaign the Eighteenth Century

❖ Mughal - Persian Relations - the

Society under Mughals
Last Phase
❖ Rural Society
Later Mughals
❖ Towns and Town Life
❖ Bahadur Shah (Shah-i-Bekhabar) ❖ Artisans and Master-Craftsmen
(1709- 1712) ❖ Women
❖ Jahandar Shah (1712- 1713)
❖ Servants and Slaves
❖ Farrukhsiyar (1713-1719)
❖ Standard of Living
❖ Rafi-ud-Darajat (1719)
❖ The Ruling Classes - Nobility, Rural
❖ Rafi-ud-Daula (Shah Jahan II)
Gentry
(1719)
❖ The Middle Strata
❖ Muhammad Shah (Rangeela)
(1719-48) ❖ The Commercial Classes

❖ Ahmad Shah (1748-54)

Rise of the Marathas
❖ Alamgir II (1754-58)
❖ Shah Jahan II (1758-1759) ❖ The Marathas and their Policy of

❖ Shah Alam II (1759-1806) Expansion

❖ Akbar II (1806-37) ➢ Maratha Confederacy

❖ Bahadur Shah II/ Zafar ❖ The Marathas and Nizam-ul-Mulk

❖ Rise of Regional States, Beginning ❖ The Maratha Advance into Gujarat

of Foreign Invasions of India (1725- and Malwa

48) ❖ The Maratha Advance into Doab
and Punjab:
Economy during Mughals
➢ First Phase (1741-52);
❖ Inland Trade ➢ Second Phase (1752-61);
❖ Overseas Trade - Role of Foreign ❖ Third Battle of Panipat
Trading
❖ Chhatrapati Shivaji (1627-1680)
❖ Companies - Position of Indian
➢ Administration
Merchants Over-land Trade
➢ Ashtapradhan
❖ The Mughal State and Commerce
➢ Successors

❖ The Peshwas (1713-1818)

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 ➢ The Bhonsles ❖ Military

➢ The Gaekwads ❖ Conflicts of the Bahmani Successor

States with Vijayanagar
➢ The Holkars
❖ Social and Cultural Aspects
➢ The Sindhias
❖ Art and Architecture
❖ Economy in 18th Century

❖ Social and Cultural Life Bhakti and Sufi Movements

Bhakti Movement
Vijaynagar Empire
❖ What was the movement about?
❖ Sources Information about
➢ Causes for its Formation
Vijayanagar Empire
➢ Features of the Movement
❖ Dynasties that Ruled Vijayanagar
➢ Associated Literature
Empire
❖ Groups of Saints
➢ Sangama
➢ Sagun
➢ Suluva
➢ Nirgun
➢ Tuluva ➢ Nayanars (Tiru Neelakanta,
➢ Aravidu Meiporul, Viralminda,
❖ Administration maraneedi, Karaikkal

➢ Ashtadiggajas Ammaiyar (woman))

➢ Alvars (Andal, Thirumazhisai
❖ Economy
Alvar, Thiruppaan Alvar,
❖ Social Aspects
Nammalwar, Kulasekara)
❖ Art and Architecture
❖ Saints (Acharyas) and Their
❖ Literature Contribution
➢ Foreign Travelers and their ➢ Shankaracharya
Account ➢ Ramanujacharya
➢ Nimbark
Bahmani Kingdom
➢ Madhvacharya
❖ Successor States of Bahmani ➢ Nathpanthis (Siddhas and
Kingdom Yogis)

➢ Ahmednagar ❖ Vaishnavism (Saran Movement)

and associated Saints
➢ Bijapur
➢ Ramananda
➢ Golconda
➢ Kabir Das
➢ Berar
➢ Gurunanak Dev
➢ Bidar
➢ Purandar Das
❖ Economy
➢ Dadu Dayal

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 ➢ Chaitanya Mahaprabhu Sufi Movement
➢ Shankardeva
❖ Causes of Creation
➢ Vallabhacharya
❖ Features (Characteristics and
➢ Guru Ghasidas
Stages)
➢ Surdas
❖ Pir-Murid Tradition
➢ Meerabai
❖ Use of Music in Sufism
➢ Haridas
❖ Important Orders (Silsila) of Sufism
➢ Namdev
➢ Chisti
➢ Dhaneswar
➢ Suhrawardi
➢ Eknath
➢ Naqshbandi
➢ Tukaram
❖ Impact of Sufi Movement
➢ Ramdas

❖ Impact of Bhakti Movement

MODERN INDIAN HISTORY

Arrival of Europeans in India ❖ The Danes in India (Important

Settlements, Personalities, Causes of

❖ Responsible Factors for Arrival of
Decline)
Europeans
❖ The English
❖ The Portuguese in India
➢ Farrukhsiyar 's Farman
➢ Vasco Da Gama
➢ Causes of English Success
➢ Pedro Alvarez Cabral
❖ The French (Important Settlements,
➢ De Almeida
Personalities, Causes of Decline)
➢ Albuquerque
❖ Anglo-French Rivalry
➢ Nino Da Cunha
❖ First Carnatic War
❖ Causes of Failure of Portuguese
❖ Rise of the Hyderabad State
empire in India
❖ The Second Carnatic War
❖ The Dutch in India (Important
❖ The Third Carnatic War
Settlements, Personalities, Causes of
❖ The Columbian Exchange
Decline)

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 Expansion of East India ➢ Nepal
➢ Bhutan
Company
➢ Tibet
❖ Settlements at Various Places ➢ Burma
❖ British Conquest of Bengal ➢ Afghanistan
➢ Battle of Plassey ❖ Other Important Approaches at
➢ Battle of Buxar Expansion
➢ Treaty of Allahabad ➢ Doctrine of Ring Fence
➢ Dual Polity in Bengal (Diwani ➢ Doctrine of Masterly Inactivity
and Nizamat)
➢ Policy of Proud Reserve
❖ 4 Anglo - Mysore Wars
➢ Fall of Tipu Sultan Form of Administration before

❖ 3 Anglo - Maratha Wars 1857

➢ Prominent Maratha Families
❖ The Dual System
Ruling from Different Places
❖ Regulating Act
➢ Important Treaties of Surat,
❖ Pitt’s India Act
Purandar,Salbai, Bassein,
❖ The Charter Acts
Poona, Gwalior and Mandsor
➢ Marathas Defeat and its ❖ Evolution of Modern Judicial

Reasons System

➢ Dissolution of Maratha ➢ Law Commission

Confederacy ❖ Developments of Civil Services
❖ The Subsidiary Alliance System and ➢ Cornwallis Code
its Impact ❖ British Indian Army
➢ States under Subsidiary ❖ Impact of British Administration
Alliance
❖ Economic Policies of The British

Second Phase of British ❖ Various Stages of Colonialism

Expansion In India ➢ Phase of Mercantilism (1757-

1813)
❖ 2 Anglo-Sikh Wars
➢ Phase of Free Trade (1813-
➢ The Conquest of Sindh and
1858)
Punjab
➢ Phase of Finance Imperialism
❖ Doctrine of Lapse and its Victim
(1858 onwards)
States
❖ Land Revenue Systems of the
❖ Annexation of Oudh
Colonial Masters
❖ EIC’s Relations with Neighboring
➢ Ryotwari
Countries
➢ Mahalwari

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 ➢ Permanent Settlement ➢ Discontent Among Sepoy’s
❖ Associated Terms of British ❖ Major Events
Revenue System ➢ Meerut Mutiny
❖ Impact of British Policy on Indian ➢ Siege of Delhi
Economy
➢ Fall of Delhi
❖ Drain of Wealth Theory
❖ Important Places and Associated
➢ Nationalist Economists
Leaders of the Revolt
Broader Impact British ❖ Important British Officers during
Administration Suppression of Revolt

❖ Causes of Failure of the Revolt

❖ Industrialization—Ruin of Artisans
and Handicrafts men ❖ Nature and Impact of the Revolt

❖ Impoverishment of Peasantry ❖ Various Outcomes of the Revolt

❖ Emergence of New Land Relations, ➢ GoI Act 1858

Ruin of Old Zamindars ➢ Administration
❖ Stagnation and Deterioration of ➢ Military
Agriculture
❖ Scholars Take
❖ Commercialization of Indian
❖ Books and Authors on the Revolt
Agriculture
❖ Development of Modern Industry Changed Government Post 1857
❖ Rise of Indian Bourgeoisie
❖ Acts between 1858-1947
❖ Critique of The Colonial Economy
❖ Administration - Central,
➢ Economic Drain
Provincial, Local
❖ Famine and Poverty
❖ Changes in the Army
❖ Nationalist Critique of Colonial
➢ Peel Commission
Economy
❖ Abolition of the Dual System ❖ Public Services

❖ Changes in Social Setup ➢ Ilbert Bill Controversy

❖ Policy of Equal Federation

The Revolt of 1857
❖ Princely States
❖ Causes of the Revolt ❖ Foreign Policy
➢ Economic Causes ❖ Evolution of Local Government
➢ Political Causes
➢ Mayo’s Resolution
➢ Administrative Causes
➢ Ripon’s Resolution (1882)
➢ Socio -Religious Causes
➢ Royal Commission on
➢ Influence of Outside Events
Decentralization (1908)

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 ➢ Resolution of May (1918) and
Dyarchy (1919)
➢ GoI Act, 1935 and After
❖ Labour Law Related Changes
❖ Changes in Socio-Cultural Stance
Evolution of Administrative and
Police Services
❖ Proclamation of 1858
❖ Indian Civil Services Act, 1861
❖ Aitchison Committee on Public
Services (1886)
❖ Islington Commission (1912)
❖ Montford Reforms (1919)
❖ Lee Commission (1924)
❖ Government of India Act, 1935
❖ Evolution of Police 1791
➢ Police Commission of 1860
➢ William Bentick’s Contribution
Education during British Rule
❖ Charter Act of 1813
❖ General Committee of Public
Instruction
➢ Orientalist-Anglicist
Controversy
❖ Efforts of Thomson
❖ Wood’s Dispatch (1854) Hunter
Education Commission (1882-83)
❖ Indian Universities Act, 1904
❖ Government Resolution on
Education Policy—1913
❖ Saddler University Commission
(1917-19)
13
❖ Education Under Dyarchy
❖ Hartog Committee (1929)
❖ Wardha Scheme of Basic Education
(1937)
❖ Sergeant Plan of Education
❖ Kothari Education Commission
(1964-66)
❖ Development of Vernacular
Education
❖ Development of Technical
Education
❖ Evaluation of British Policy on
Education
Press during British Rule
❖ James Augustus Hickey’s Bengal
Gazette
❖ Different Publications and Journals
❖ Legislative Attempts at Curbing
Growth of Press
➢ Censorship of Act, 1799
➢ Licensing Regulations, 1823
➢ Press Act/Metcalfe Act, 1835
➢ Licensing Act, 1857
➢ Registration Act, 1867
➢ Vernacular Press Act, 1878
➢ Newspaper (Incitement to
Offences) Act, 1908
➢ Indian Press Act, 1910
➢ Indian Press (Emergency
Powers) Act, 1931
➢ Press regulating Act, 1942
❖ Struggle by Early Nationalists to
Secure Press Freedom
➢ Various Newspapers/Journals
and Their Authors
❖ During and After the First World ❖ Mahadev Govind Ranade
War ❖ Annie Besant–Theosophical Society
❖ During the Second World War ❖ Syed Ahmad Khan
❖ Post Independence ❖ Baba Dayal Das
➢ Press Inquiry Committee,1947 ❖ Pandita Ramabai

❖ Sarojini Naidu
Socio-Religious Reform
Movements ❖ Jyotiba Phule

❖ Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar

❖ Aspects of Women Emancipation

➢ Legislation and Women Struggles of the Working Class

Organisation
❖ Initial Efforts for Working Class’s
➢ Education Conditions
➢ Widow Remarriage ❖ All India Trade Union Congress
❖ Factors leading to Reform (AITUC)
Movements ❖ Trade Union Act, 1926
❖ Directions of Reforms ❖ Trade Disputes Act, 1929
❖ Hindu Reform Movements ❖ Meerut Conspiracy Case (1929)
❖ Reform Movements Among
Peasant and Tribal Uprisings
Muslims

❖ Sikh Reform Movement ❖ Responsible Factors for Tribal

❖ Parsi Reform Movement Revolts

➢ Parsi Religious Reform ❖ Tribal Movements

Association ➢ Bhil Uprising

❖ Significance of Reform Movements ➢ Kol Uprising

❖ Impact of Reform Movements ➢ Santhal Rebellion

➢ Singphos Rebellion
Important Personalities
➢ Jaintia and Garo Rebellion
❖ Raja Ram Mohan Roy
➢ Rampa Rebellion
❖ Swami Vivekananda
➢ Chuar Uprising
❖ Swami Dayananda Saraswati
➢ Munda Rebellion
❖ Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
➢ Khonda Dora Uprisings
❖ Keshab Chandra Sen
➢ Tana Bhagat Movement
❖ Sri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa
❖ Peasant Movements

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 ➢ Reasons of Resistance among ❖ Debate over INC being a Safety
Peasants Valve

➢ Champaran Satyagraha ❖ The Moderate Congress (1885-

➢ Kheda Peasant Struggle 1905)

➢ Bardoli Movement ❖ Success and Limitations with

➢ Tebhaga Movement Moderate Approach

➢ Telangana Movement ❖ Opinion Against Economic

Exploitation Administrative
❖ Revolts Rooted in Religion, Culture
Reforms Constitutional Reforms
and Economy
❖ Economic Critique of Imperialism
❖ Sanyasi Revolt
❖ Constitutional Reforms and
❖ Wahabi Movement
Propaganda in Legislature
❖ Pagal Panthis
❖ Campaign for General
❖ Faraizi Revolt
Administrative Reforms
❖ Kuka Movement
❖ Government’s Response towards
❖ Moplah Uprisings
INC
❖ Rebellions Rooted in Military
❖ Militant Nationalism (1905 to 1918)
Discontent
➢ Responsible Factors for
❖ Paika Rebellion
Growth of Militant Nationalism
❖ Ramosi Uprising
❖ Revolutionary Activities
❖ Sawantwadi Revolt
➢ Revolutionary Activities In
❖ Reasons for Limited Success of the
Delhi & Punjab
Uprisings
➢ Revolutionary Movements
❖ Indian National Congress’ Initial
influenced by Socialism
Phase and Revolutionary
➢ Yugantar
Nationalism
➢ Anushilan Samitis
❖ Pre-INC Organisations
❖ Hindustan Republican Association
❖ Pre-INC Campaigns and their
❖ Chittagong Revolt Group
Objectives
❖ Revolutionary Activities Abroad
❖ Early Phase Indian National
❖ Differences between the Moderates
Congress
and the Extremists
❖ Key Sessions of the Indian National
Congress (INC)

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 First Phase of National
Movement (1905-1917)
❖ Important INC Sessions
❖ Movement Under Extremist
Leadership
❖ Mass Participation
❖ Government Repression
❖ Movements of All India Muslim
League (1906)
❖ Swadeshi Movement and
Associated Leaders
❖ Morley Minto Reforms (1909)
❖ Comparative Account of Moderates
and Extremists
❖ Annulment of Partition of Bengal
❖ Home Rule League Movement (1916)
❖ Developments that led to Home
Rule League
❖ Limitations with Home Rule Leagues
❖ Lucknow Session of INC (1916):
Lucknow Pact
❖ Reasons of Readmission of
Extremists
❖ Reasons of Muslim League pact
with Congress
❖ Montague Statement of August
(1917)
Second Phase of National
Movement (1918- 1929)
❖ National Movement in Light of First
World War
16
❖ Gandhi Ji in South Africa (1894-
1914)
❖ Gandhi Ji in India (1915 Onwards)
❖ Champaran Satyagraha (1917)-
First Civil Disobedience
❖ Ahmedabad Mill Strike (1918) - First
Hunger Strike
❖ Kheda Satyagraha (1918)- First
Non-Cooperation
❖ Montague-Chelmsford Reforms
(1909)
❖ Rowlatt Satyagraha and
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (April
13, 1919)
❖ Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-
22)
❖ Developments that led to NCM
❖ Major Events of this Time
❖ Khilafat Movement (1919-20)
❖ Development of the Khilafat-Non-
Cooperation Programme
❖ Chauri Chaura Incident (5th Feb
1922)
❖ Congress-Khilafat Swaraj Party
❖ Swarajists and ‘No Changers'
❖ Formation of Swarajist Party
➢ Achievements
➢ Challenges
❖ The Constructive Programme
❖ Indian Statutory Commission/
Simon Commission (1927)
➢ Recommendations
➢ Response of Various Groups
❖ Nehru Report (1928)
❖ Two Decisive Sessions of INC
➢ Lahore Session, 1929
➢ Allahabad Address (1930)
❖ Jinnah’s Fourteen Points Demand
(1929)
❖ Leaders in this phase and their
Contribution
Third Phase of National
Movement
❖ Civil Disobedience Movement
❖ Extent of Participation and
Possibility of Settlement
❖ Leaders in this Phase and their Role
❖ Gandhi-Irwin Pact
❖ Comparing NCM and CDM
❖ The Three Round Table Conferences
(RTCs)
❖ Karachi Session of INC (1931)
❖ Communal Awards (1932)
❖ Poona Pact (1932)
❖ Government of India Act, 1935
❖ Congress Ministries after Provincial
Elections of 1937
❖ Resignation of Congress Ministries
(1939)
❖ Congress Working Committee at
Wardha
❖ Decision on Mass Struggle
❖ Pakistan Resolution (23 Mar 1940)
❖ August Offer (1940)
❖ Individual Satyagraha (1941)
❖ Cripps Mission (1942)
17
➢ Reasons for failure of Cripps
Mission
➢ Comparing August Offer and
Cripps Mission
❖ Quit India Movement (August
Revolution) (1942)
➢ Reasons for the Struggle
❖ AICC Meeting (Gowalia Tank,
Bombay)
❖ Parallel Governments
❖ Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose and
INA
❖ Tokyo Conference: March 1942
❖ Bangkok Conference- June 1942
❖ Neta Ji in Japan (1943)
❖ Provisional Government of Free
India, Singapore (October 1943)
❖ C. Rajagopalachari Formula (1944)
❖ Desai Liaquat Pact (1945)
❖ Muslim League’s Response
❖ Congress’ Response
❖ General Elections, 1945
❖ Rin Mutiny (1946)
❖ Cabinet Mission Plan (1946)
❖ Direct Action Day (August 16th, 1946)
❖ Interim Government
❖ Constituent Assembly
➢ First Meeting and Election to
the Constituent Assembly
❖ Objective Resolution
❖ Atlee’s Declaration and Transfer of
Power
❖ Mountbatten Plan (June 3, 1947)
❖ India Independence Act (1947)
❖ Integration of States
 Governors, Governor-Generals ❖ Lord Northbrook (1872-1876)

and Viceroys ❖ Lord Lytton (1876-1880)

❖ Lord Rippon (1880-1884)

❖ Governor of Bengal (Before 1773)
❖ Lord Dufferin (1884-1888)
❖ Governor Generals of Bengal (1773-
❖ Lord Lansdowne (1888-1894)
1833)
❖ Lord Elgin-II (1894-1999)
❖ Governor Generals of India (1832-
❖ Lord Curzon (1899-1905)
1858)
❖ Lord Minto-II (1905-1910)
❖ Viceroy and Governor Generals of
India (1858-1947) ❖ Lord Hardinge-II (1910-1916)

❖ Lord Chelmsford (1916-1921)

List
❖ Lord Reading (1921-1926)
❖ Robert Clive (1754-1767)
❖ Lord Irwin (1926-1931)
❖ Lord Warren Hastings (1773-1785)
❖ Lord Willingdon (1931-1936)
❖ Lord Cornwallis (1786-1793)
❖ Lord Linlithgow (1936-1944)
❖ Sir John Shore (1793-1798)
❖ Lord Wavell (1944-1947)
❖ Lord Arthur Wellesley (1798-1805)
❖ Lord Mountbatten (1947-1948)
❖ Lord George Barlow (1805-1807)

❖ Lord Minto-I (1807-1813) Important Congress Sessions

❖ Francis Rawdon Hastings (1813- ❖ Bombay (1885)

1823): (Marques of Hastings) ❖ Benaras (1905)
❖ Lord Amherst (1823-28) ❖ Calcutta (1906)
❖ Lord William Bentinck (1828-1835) ❖ Lucknow(1916)
❖ Sir Charles Metcalfe (1835-1836) ❖ Amritsar (1919)
❖ Lord Auckland (1836-1842) ❖ Calcutta (1920)
❖ Lord Ellenborough (1842-1844)
Important Committees and
❖ Lord Hardinge-I (1844-1848)
Commissions
❖ Lord Dalhousie (1848-1856 great
imperialist and colonialist) ❖ Commissions on Famine

❖ Lord Canning (1856-1857 and 1858- ➢ Campbell Commission

1862) ➢ Stratchy Commission

❖ Lord Elgin-I (1862-1863) ➢ Lyall Commission

❖ Lord Lawrence (1864-1869) ➢ MacDonnell Commission

❖ Lord Mayo (1869-1872) ❖ Law Commissions

18
 ➢ First Law Commission, 1834, TB Constitutional Development In
Macaulay. India
➢ Second Pre-Independence
❖ Regulating Act 1773
Law Commission, 1853 – Sir
❖ Pitt's India Act of 1784
John Romilly.

➢ Third Pre-Independence Law ❖ Charter Act of 1793

Commission, 1862 - Sir John ❖ Charter Act of 1813

Romilly. ❖ Charter Act of 1833

➢ Fourth Pre-Independence Law ❖ Charter Act of 1853

Commission, 1879 – Dr Whitley ❖ Government of India Act 1858

Stokes. ❖ The Indian Councils Act 1861
❖ Currency Commissions ❖ Indian Councils Act 1892
➢ Mansfield Commission ❖ Indian Councils Act 1909 or Morley -
➢ Fowler Commission Minto Reforms Government of India

➢ Babington Smith Commission Act 1919 or Montague - Chelmsford

➢ Hilton Young Commission Reforms

❖ Other Important Commissions ❖ Government of India Act 1935

❖ Indian Independence Act, 1947

ART AND CULTURE

➢ Comparison with
Visual Arts
Achamenian Pillars
❖ Harappan Period ➢ Stupa- 9 Early Stupas of
➢ Sculpture Buddhism
➢ Seals ➢ Symbolism of Stupas in
➢ Pottery Buddhism

➢ Architecture-Town Planning ❖ Post-Mauryan Period

❖ Mauryan Architecture ➢ Caves and Their Types in this

➢ Sculpture (Stone) Period

➢ Pottery (NBPW) ➢ Stupa

➢ Architecture-Cave ➢ Sculpture (Gandhara,

Architecture, Pillars Mathura, Amravati School)

❖ Gupta Period

19
 ➢ Sculpture
➢ Cave architecture (Ajanta,
Ellora, Elephanta, Nasik,
Udayagiri, Junagadh Caves)
➢ Sarnath Style of Sculpture
➢ Fresco Mural Painting
Temple Architecture
❖ Evolution of Temple Architecture-
Separately in North and South India
❖ Types of Temple Architecture
(Nagara, Dravida, Vesara Hoysala)
and their subtypes
➢ Temples of Khajuraho
➢ Temples of Odisha
➢ Temples of Gwalior
➢ Temples of Gujarat
➢ Temples of Rajasthan
➢ Temples of Bengal
➢ Temples of Assam
➢ Temples of Himachal Pradesh
➢ Temples of Jammu and
Kashmir
➢ Pallava Period Temples
➢ Chola Period Temples
➢ Pandya Temples
➢ Vijayanagar Period Temples
➢ NayakaTemples
➢ Temples of Kerala
➢ Rashtrakuta Period Temples
❖ Indo-Islamic Architecture
➢ Imperial Style (Delhi
Sultanate)
20
➢ Provincial Style (Malwa or
Pathan Style)
➢ Mughal Style
➢ Sikh Style of Architecture
➢ Avadh (Oudh) Style
➢ Rajput Architecture
❖ Modern Architecture
❖ European Influence
➢ Portuguese
➢ Danish
➢ British
❖ Indo-Gothic Architecture
❖ Neo-Roman Style
❖ Post-Independence Period
❖ Notable Architects
❖ Buddhist and Jaina Influence
➢ Sculpture
➢ Architecture
❖ Medieval School of Sculpture
❖ Modern Indian Sculpture
Paintings
❖ Cave Paintings
❖ Tradition of Mural Paintings in India
❖ Tradition of Miniature Paintings in
India
❖ Paintings in the Deccan
❖ Mughal Painting
❖ Regional Paintings
➢ Rajput School of Painting
(Phad)
➢ Pahari School of Painting
➢ Tanjore Paintings
➢ Mysore Paintings
➢ Kalamkari Paintings
❖ Miniature Painting in South India ➢ Genesis of Martial Arts
❖ Modern Paintings ➢ Forms of Traditional Martial
❖ Contemporary Paintings Arts
➢ Animal Sports
Pottery Tradition
❖ Indian Theatre
❖ Ochre Coloured Pottery(OCP) ➢ History of Theatre in India
❖ Black and Red Ware (BRW) ➢ Classical Sanskrit Theatre
❖ Painted Grey Ware (PGW) ➢ Traditional Theatre
❖ Northern Black Polished Ware ➢ Regional Theatre
(NBPW) ➢ Modern Theatre in India
❖ Glazed and Unglazed Pottery ➢ Renaissance of Indian Theatre
❖ Numismatics
➢ Cinema in India
❖ Coinage
➢ History of Indian Cinema
Performing Arts ➢ Classification of Indian
Cinema Film
❖ Music in India
➢ Classical Indian Music Indian Puppetry
➢ Hindustani Music
❖ String Puppets
➢ Different Gharanas or Schools
➢ Carnatic Music ❖ Shadow Puppets

➢ Main Pillars of Indian Music ➢ Rod Puppets

➢ Forms of Indian Music ➢ Glove puppets

➢ Musical Instruments ➢ Modern Puppetry
➢ Institutions Related to Music in ➢ Tribal Puppetry
India
➢ Folk Music Religion, Language and

❖ Dances in India Literature

➢ Concept of Dance in India ❖ Religions in India

➢ Concept of Ashta Nayika ➢ Pre-Vedic Religion
➢ Rasa and Bhava ➢ Hinduism
➢ Eight Classical Dance Forms ➢ Buddhism
in India
➢ Jainism
➢ Folk Dances ➢ Sikhism
➢ Modern Dances ➢ Islam
❖ Sports in India ➢ Christianity
➢ Various Type of Sports ➢ Zoroastrianism

21
 ➢ Judaism ❖ Places of Cultural Interest
➢ Philosophy in India ❖ The Calendar & the Eras
➢ Bhakti Movement ❖ Science and Technology in Ancient
➢ Saints of Bhakti Movement India

❖ Languages and Literature in India ❖ Recent developments

➢ Classical Language ➢ Important Festivals

➢ Sanskrit Literature ➢ Kheer Bhawani festival
➢ Pali Literature ➢ Mahapushkaram
➢ Prakrit Literature ➢ Bathu kamma
➢ Tamil Literature ➢ Manipur Sangai Festival
➢ Telugu Literature ➢ Losar festival
➢ Malayalam Literature ➢ Intangible Cultural Heritage
➢ Kannada Literature under UNESCO has inscribed
➢ Odia Literature ´Kumbh Mela’

➢ Assamese Literature ➢ Sankalp Parva-Sankalp se

➢ Bengali Literature Siddhi’

➢ Paryatan Parv
➢ Gujarati Literature
➢ Bharat Parv
➢ Rajasthani Literature
➢ Orange Festival Nagpur
➢ Punjabi Literature
➢ Marathi Literature ➢ Protest against Sunburn fest
➢ 2017 Teesta Rangit Tourism
➢ Hindi Literature
Festival
➢ Persian Literature
➢ Ganga sagar mela
➢ Urdu Literature
➢ Nabakalebar Rath Yatra
➢ Influence/Contribution of
foreign languages & Literature ➢ Chapchar Kut Festival

to India language ➢ Hornbill Festival

➢ Wangala Festival
Miscellaneous
➢ Schemes for Cleanliness of
❖ Government Cultural Institutions in Tourist Places
India ➢ Swachh Bharat Swachh
❖ UNESCO’s List of Cultural Heritage in Smarak
India ➢ ‘Swachh Bharat Swachh
❖ Protection and Promotion of Indian Paryatan’
Culture and Heritage :Legal ➢ Incredible India 2.0 Campaign
Provisions
➢ Schemes for Development of
❖ Schemes and Awards Cultural Heritage
❖ Personalities Related to Culture ➢ Sanskriti App

22
 ➢ Cultural Mapping of India ➢ Project Mausam
❖ Schemes for Monument ➢ International Buddhist
Development Conclave
➢ HRIDAY Scheme ➢ World’s Heritage
➢ Swadesh Darshan Scheme ➢ UNESCO inscribes Yoga in the
➢ PRASAD Scheme representative list of

➢ AdarshSmarak Yojana Intangible Cultural Heritage of

Humanity
➢ Cultural Scheme Monitoring
System ➢ UNESCO Creative Cities
Network
➢ Schemes for promotion of
Culture ➢ UNESCO Global Geopark

➢ Schemes for Serious Literature ➢ National Virtual Library of

and Litterateurs India

➢ National Mission on ➢ Jallikattu

Monuments and Antiquities ➢ Kambala

➢ National Mission on ❖ GI Tags
Manuscripts ➢ Definition
➢ Gandhi Heritage Sites Mission ➢ GI vs. Trademark
➢ Muziris Heritage Site ➢ Rights under GI
➢ International Initiatives for ➢ Latest addition
Cultural Development and
Recognition

❖❖❖

23
 2 GEOGRAPHY

GEOGRAPHY

❖ Universe ➢ Time Zones, Local and

➢ Theories of development of Standard Time and the

Universe International Date Line,

➢ Galaxy Calendar

➢ Star formation ➢ Eclipses - Solar, Lunar

➢ Earth’s magnetic field
➢ Planet formation
➢ Earth’s Geological time scale
➢ Solar system
❖ Origin of Life on Earth
➢ Moon

➢ Asteroid Geomorphology
➢ Meteor
❖ Earth’s Interior
➢ Kupier belt
➢ Crust
➢ Comets
➢ Mantle
➢ Dwarf planets ➢ Core
❖ Evolution of Earth ➢ Direct and Indirect Sources of
➢ Geological History of Earth Information
➢ Evolution of the Layered ➢ Theories – Suess Theory
Structure of Earth ❖ Geology and Rock system
(Lithosphere,Atmosphere and ➢ Physical Characteristics–
Hydrosphere) Crystal Form, Cleavage
➢ Latitude and Longitude Fracture, Lusture, Color, Streak

including important Parallels ➢ Transparency, Structure,

and Meridians Hardness, Specific Gravity

➢ Motions of the Earth - ➢ Major Elements of the Earth’s

Rotation, Revolution and their Crust

effects ➢ Minerals

➢ Inclination of the Earth’s Axis

and its effects

24
 ✓ Minerals – Feldspar, Quartz,
Pyroxene Amphibole, Mica ,
Olivine
✓ Metallic minerals – precious
Ferrous, Non Ferrous
✓ Non-metallic Minerals –
Sulphur, Phosphates,
Cement
➢ Waves: P,S, Body, Surface,
Shadow Zone
➢ Types of Earthquakes
➢ Effects
➢ Frequency and Intensity
➢ Locating an Epicenter
➢ Ring of Fire

➢ Rocks (Aggregate of Minerals) ❖ Volcanism (Types and Associated

✓ Petrology Concepts)
✓ Rocks & landforms ➢ Shield
✓ Rocks & Soils ➢ Composite
✓ 3 Family of Rocks ➢ Caldera
✓ Igneous
➢ Flood Basalt
✓ Sedimentary
➢ Mid Ocean Ridge
✓ Metamorphic
➢ Landforms (intrusive)
❖ Geomorphic Processes
➢ Batholiths
➢ Earth’s Surface
✓ Gradation, Degradation & ➢ Lacoliths

Aggradation ➢ Lopoliths
➢ Endogenic Forces ➢ Phacoliths
✓ Diastrophism ➢ Sills
✓ Orogenic
➢ Dykes
✓ Epeirogenic
❖ Distribution of Continents & Oceans
✓ Earthquakes
➢ Theories
✓ Plate movements
➢ Continental Drift Theory
✓ Volcanism
✓ Alfred Wegner
➢ Exogenic Forces
✓ Denudation Processes ✓ Pangea, Panthalasa

✓ Weathering ✓ Laurasia, Gondwanaland

✓ Mass movements ➢ Evidence in support of

✓ Erosion Transportation & Continental Drift Theory
Deposition ✓ Jigsaw Fit
❖ Earthquakes and Volcanism
✓ Rocks of Same age across
➢ Earthquakes oceans

✓ Tillite

25
 ✓ Placer Deposits ➢ Mushroom , Table & Pedestal

✓ Distribution of Fossils Rocks

➢ Isostasy ❖ Depositional Landforms - wind

➢ Sea Floor Spreading ➢ Barchans

➢ Forces of Drifting ➢ Seif

✓ Pole Fleeing Force ❖ Erosional Landforms - water

✓ Tidal Force ➢ Valleys

➢ Post Drift Studies ➢ Rills

➢ Convectional Current Theory ➢ Gullies

➢ Mapping of the Ocean Floor ➢ Valleys – V Shape , Gorge

(Hard Rocks), Canyon
➢ Plate Tectonics
(Sedimentary)
✓ Lithospheric Plates - Major
➢ Potholes & Plunge pools
Plate - Minor Plates
➢ Incised or entrenched
➢ Plate Boundaries – Divergent
meanders
– Convergent – Transform
➢ River Terraces – paired &
➢ Rates of Plate Movements
unpaired
➢ Force of plate movement
❖ Depositional Landforms - water
➢ Indian Plate
➢ Alluvial Fans
❖ Landforms and their evolution
➢ Delta
➢ Causes (Geomorphic
➢ Flood plains, Natural Levees,
Processes)
Point Bars
➢ Geomorphic Agents
➢ Meansders, Slip off bank,
✓ Erosional or Destructional
Undercut bank
✓ Depositional or
➢ Oxbow lake
Constructional
➢ Braided Channels
➢ Agents and their Impacts -
❖ Ground Water (Karst Topography)
Wind, Running Water, Ground
➢ Permeable Rocks
Water, Glaciers, Waves &
➢ Percolation
Currents
➢ Bedding Plains
❖ Erosional landforms - wind
➢ Limestone and Dolomite
➢ Pediments and Pediplains
Regions
➢ Playas
❖ Balkans, Adjacent to Adriatic
➢ Deflation Hollows and Caves
regions

26
 ➢ Erosional Landforms ➢ Stacks
➢ Pools - Swallow Hole, Valley ❖ Depositional Landforms - Waves
Sinks (Uvalas), Sinkholes, and Currents
Collapse sinks (Dolines), ➢ Beaches and Dunes
Lapies, Ridges, Limestone ➢ Bars, Barriers, Spits
Pavements
❖ Weathering
➢ Caves – Altering bed of Rocks
➢ Factors
(Shale sandstone quartzite,
➢ Geological
Caves and Tunnels
➢ Climatic
❖ Depositional landforms - Ground
➢ Topographic
Water
➢ Vegetative
➢ Stalactites
➢ Major Processes
➢ Stalagmites
➢ Chemical
➢ Pillar Columns
➢ Physical or Mechanical
❖ Erosional Landforms - Glaciers
➢ Biological
➢ Cirque of Tarn Lakes
❖ Chemical – Forces and Chemical
➢ Hors and Serrated Regions – Action
Arete
➢ Solution
➢ Glacial Valleys / Troughs –
➢ Carbonation
Fiords
➢ Hydration
➢ Depositional Landforms
➢ Oxidation & Reduction
➢ Glacial Tills
❖ Physical Forces Gravitational,
➢ Moraines
Expansion, Water Pressure
➢ Eskers ➢ Unloading & Expansion
➢ Outwash Plains ➢ Temperature changes and
➢ Drumlins Expansion
❖ Waves and Currents ➢ Freezing, Thawing, & Frost
➢ High Rocky Coasts and Low Wedging
Sedimentary Coasts ➢ Salt Weathering
❖ Erosional Landforms - Waves and ❖ Biological Weathering
Currents ➢ Burrowing
➢ Cliffs ➢ Wedging
➢ Terraces ➢ Plant Roots
➢ Caves ➢ Effects of Weathering

27
 ✓ Exfoliation (Flakin) –
Exfoliation Domes
➢ Significance of Weathering
➢ Soil Formation
➢ Biomes and Biodiversity
➢ Leaching / Enrichment
➢ Mass Movements
➢ Activating causes
➢ Forms of movement – Heave
Flow Slide
❖ Important Data of Landforms
across the world
➢ Rivers and lakes
➢ Mountain and Peaks
➢ Plateaus
Oceanography
❖ Hydrosphere
➢ Water on the Surface of the
Earth
➢ Hydrological Cycle
➢ Component
➢ Processes
❖ Submarine Relief Features
➢ Oceans
➢ Relief of the Ocean floor
❖ Divisions of the ocean floor
➢ Continental Shelf
➢ Continental Slope
➢ Deep sea plain
➢ Oceanic deep and Trenches
❖ Minor relief features
➢ Mid oceanic ridges
➢ Seamount
➢ Submarine canyons
➢ Guyots
28
➢ Volcanic Islands
➢ Fracture Zones
➢ Hotspots
➢ Coral Islands
➢ Atoll
❖ Temperature and Salinity
➢ Temperature Distribution of
the Ocean Water (Vertical
and Spatial)
❖ Factors affecting Temperature
distribution
➢ Latitude
➢ Unequal distribution of land &
Water
➢ Prevailing wind
➢ Ocean Currents
➢ Horizontal & Vertical
Distribution
Salinity of the Ocean Water
❖ Factors affecting salinity
❖ Evaporation and precipitation
❖ Fresh water flow from rivers
❖ Ocean currents
❖ Horizontals distribution of salinity
❖ Vertical Distribution of salinity
❖ Density of Ocean Waters
❖ Waves, Ocean Currents, Tides
❖ Movements of ocean Water
❖ Factors influencing Movement
➢ Temperature
➢ Salinity
➢ Density
➢ Motion – Horizontal and
Vertical Currents
❖ Waves
 ➢ Motion of waves and water ❖ Major Ocean currents of the World
molecules ❖ Effects of Ocean Currents
➢ Characteristics of wave
➢ Crest and Trough Marine Resources

➢ Height ❖ Underground water resource

➢ Amplitude
❖ Surface water resources
➢ Period
❖ Inland water resources: Utilization
➢ Length
of inland water resources
➢ Speed
❖ Oceanic Water Resources (Marine
➢ Frequency
Resource)
❖ Tides
➢ Relation between ❖ Utilization of oceans by man

Gravitational Forces and Tides ❖ Water consumption patterns

➢ Tidal currents
➢ Types of Tides
➢ Based on Frequency – Semi
Diurnal, Diurnal, mixed
➢ Based on SME position –
spring and Neap Tides
❖ Conservation of Water Resources
❖ Techniques of Water Conservation
❖ Ocean Deposits and Corals
➢ Terrigenous Deposits
➢ Volcanic Deposits

❖ Importance of Tides ➢ Biotic deposits [Neritic and

❖ Ocean Currents Pelagic (Calcareous, Siliceous

)]
➢ Primary Force that initiates
the movement ➢ Abiotic Deposits

➢ Heating of solar energy ➢ Coral Reefs

➢ Wind ➢ Great Barrier Reef

➢ Gravity Climatology
➢ Coriolis force
❖ Atmosphere
➢ Secondary force that
➢ Composition
influence the currents to flow
➢ Gases
❖ Types of ocean currents
➢ Water Vapour
➢ Based on Depth i.e. Surface
➢ Dust Particles
currents & Deep water
➢ Structure
currents
➢ Exosphere
➢ Based on Temperature i.e.
Cold and Warm Currents ➢ Thermosphere

29
 ➢ Mesosphere ➢ Heat Budget of the Planet

➢ Stratosphere Earth

➢ Troposphere ➢ Macro Budget

➢ Albedo
➢ Altitude vs. Temperature
➢ Shortwave Radiation
❖ Concept of Inversion of
➢ Long wave Earth Radiation
Temperature
➢ Variation in the net Heat
➢ Temperature
Budget at the Earth’s Surface
➢ Factors controlling Temp
❖ Winds and Pressure belts
distribution
➢ Atmospheric Circulation and
➢ Distribution of Temp Month of Weather Systems
January-July
➢ Atmospheric Pressure
➢ Range of Temp Month of
➢ Vertical variation of pressure
January-July
➢ Horizontal distribution of
➢ Inversion of Temperature
pressure
❖ Insolation and Heat Budget
➢ World Distribution of Sea Level
➢ Solar Radiation Heat Balance
Pressure
Temperature Insolation
➢ Factors affecting the velocity
➢ Aphelion and Perihelion
and direction of the Wind
➢ Variability of Insolation at the
surface of the Earth ➢ Pressure Gradient Force

➢ Day Season Year ➢ Frictional Force

➢ Rotation on Axis, Angle of ➢ Coriolis Force

Inclination of sun rays, Length ➢ Pressure and Wind (Cyclonic
of the day & Anticyclone Circulation)
➢ Transparency of Atmosphere, ➢ General Circulation of the
configuration of land in terms
Atmosphere – Pattern of
of its aspect.
Planetary Winds
➢ Heat Balance
➢ Latitudinal Variation of
➢ Heating and cooling of
Atmospheric Heating
atmosphere
➢ Emergence of Pressure Belts
➢ Conduction
➢ Migration of Belts Following
➢ Convection
apparent Path of Sun
➢ Advection
➢ Terrestrial Radiation ➢ Distribution of continents &
Oceans

30
 ➢ Rotation of the Earth ➢ Types – Cirrus, Cumulus,

➢ Circulation Stratus, Nimbus

➢ Simplified Global Circulation – ➢ High – Cirrus, Cirrostratus,

Hadley Cell , Ferrel Cell Cirrocumulus

➢ Seasonal Wind ➢ Middle – Altostratus,

➢ Local Wind Altocumulus

➢ Land and Sea Breezes ➢ Low – Stratocumulus,

Nimbostratus
➢ Mountain and Valley Winds
➢ Vertical Development –
❖ Air Mass, Fronts, Cyclones and Jet
Cumulus and Cumulonimbus
Stream
❖ Climatic Zones of the World
➢ Air mass & fronts
➢ Koppene’s Classification
➢ Cyclones
Climatic Zones
➢ Thunderstorms
➢ World Climate
➢ Tornadoes
➢ The Hot, Wet Equatorial
➢ Monsoons
Climate
➢ Fronts
➢ The Tropical Monsoon and
❖ Precipitation
Tropical Marine Climates
➢ Water in the Atmosphere
➢ The Savanna or Sudan
➢ Water Vapour
Climate
➢ Precipitation and its types
➢ The Hot Desert and Mid-
➢ Convectional, Orographic and
Latitude Desert Climates
Frontal/ Cyclonic Rains
➢ The Warm Temperate
➢ World Distribution of Rainfall
Western Margin
➢ Humidity – Absolute and (Mediterranean) Climate
Relative
➢ The Temperate Continental
➢ Saturation – Dew Point (Steppe Climate)
➢ Evaporation and ➢ The Warm Temperate Eastern
Condensation Margin (China Type Climate)
➢ Dew ➢ The Cool Temperate Western
➢ Frost Margin (British Type Climate)
➢ Fog & Mist ➢ The Cool Temperate
❖ Clouds Continental (Siberian)
Climate

31
 ➢ The Cool Temperate Eastern ➢ Causes and factors of
Margin (Lauren-tian) Climate deforestation: Immediate

➢ The Arctic or Polar Climate causes of deforestation

➢ Indirect deforestation
Biogeography
➢ Underlying causes of
❖ Soil Characteristics deforestation

➢ Factors Responsible for Soil ➢ Conservation of forests

Formation ➢ Forest conservation strategies

➢ Stages of Soil Formation ➢ Reforestation

➢ Soil Forming Processes ➢ Monoculture plantation

➢ Soil Profiles and Horizons ➢ Afforestation

➢ Soil Classification ➢ Types of forestry

➢ Soil Erosion and Conservation ➢ Social forestry

➢ Agroforestry
❖ Vegetation resources

➢ Types of natural vegetation Human and Economic

➢ Forests Geography of the World
➢ Significance of forests
❖ Demography and Census
➢ Economic significance,
➢ Concept of human resources
Ecological significance
➢ Factors affecting the
➢ Cultural significance
distribution of Population
➢ Factors of forest development
➢ Geographical Factors
➢ Extent of forest cover
➢ Availability of water
➢ Classification of forests
➢ Landforms
➢ Grasslands
➢ Climate
➢ Desert vegetation
➢ Soils
➢ Tundra Vegetation
❖ Economic Factors
➢ Economic utilization of forests
➢ Minerals
➢ Deforestation
➢ Urbanization
➢ Deforestation in tropical
➢ Industrialisation
forests
➢ Socio-cultural factors
➢ Deforestation in temperate
forests ❖ Population Growth

➢ Rate and extent of ➢ Growth of Population

deforestation ➢ Growth Rate of Population

32
 ➢ Natural growth of Population
➢ Positive Growth of Population
➢ Negative Growth of
Population
❖ Components of Population Change
➢ Crude Birth Rate
➢ Crude Death Rate
➢ Migration – Place of Origin
and Place of Destination
➢ Immigration
➢ Emigration
➢ Push Factors and Pull Factors
❖ Trends in Population Growth
➢ Doubling time of world
population
➢ Spatial pattern of Population
change
➢ Impact of Population Change
❖ Demographic Transition
➢ Demographic Transition
Theory
➢ Demographic Cycle
❖ Theories of Population Growth
➢ Malthusian theory
➢ Marxian theory
➢ Demographic Transition
Theory
➢ Optimum population
➢ Over-population
➢ Under-population
❖ Population Control Measures
➢ World population distribution,
Density and Growth
➢ Continent-wide distribution of
population
33
➢ Pattern of population density
globally
➢ Population increase in the
world
❖ Population Composition
➢ Sex composition
➢ Sex Ratio
➢ Natural Advantage vs Social
Advantage
➢ Age Structure
➢ Age – sex Pyramid
➢ Expanding Populations
➢ Constant Population
➢ Declining Population
➢ Literacy – literacy Rate
➢ Rural Urban Composition
➢ Occupational Structure
➢ Religion based Composition
❖ Population problems
➢ Population problems of
developing countries
➢ Population problems of
developed countries
➢ Population Policies: of China,
of India
❖ Census 2011
➢ Census Terminologies
➢ Relevant Data
❖ Human Development
➢ Growth vs Development
➢ The four pillars of
Development
➢ Equity
➢ Sustainability
➢ Productivity
 ➢ Empowerment ➢ Collective Farming
➢ Approaches to Human ➢ Mining
Development ➢ Factors affecting Mining
➢ Measuring Human
➢ Methods of Mining –
Development
OpenCast and underground
➢ Income Approach mining
➢ Welfare Approach ➢ Secondary Activities
➢ Basic Needs Approach ❖ Manufacturing
➢ Capability Approach ➢ Characteristics of Modern
➢ International Comparisons of large scale Manufacturing
Human Development ➢ Specialisation of Skills/
❖ Economic Activities methods of Production,
➢ Primary Activities Mechanisation -
➢ Hunting and Gathering Technological Innovation
Pastoralism ➢ Access to market, Access to
➢ Nomadic Herding labour Supply, Access to

➢ Commercial livestock Rearing Sources of Energy, Access to

➢ Agriculture Transportation and

❖ Subsistence Agriculture
➢ Primitive Subsistence
Agriculture
➢ Intensive Subsistence
Agriculture
communication Facilities
➢ Government Policy
➢ Classification of
Manufacturing Industries
❖ Industries based on Size

➢ Plantation Agriculture ➢ Small Scale manufacturing

➢ Extensive Commercial Grain ➢ Large Scale manufacturing

Cultivation ❖ Industries based on Inputs

➢ Mixed Farming ➢ Agro Based Industries

➢ Dairy Farming ➢ Mineral Based Industries

➢ Mediterranean Agriculture ➢ Chemical based Industries

➢ Viticulture ➢ Forest based Raw material

using Industries
➢ Market Gardening and
Horticulture – Truck Farming ➢ Animal Based Industries
➢ Industries based on
➢ Cooperative Farming
Output/Product

34
❖ Industries based on Ownership ➢ Population Factors
➢ Tertiary, Quaternary and ➢ Stage of Economic
Quinary Activities Development
➢ Types of Tertiary Activities ➢ Extent of Foreign Investment
➢ Retail trading ➢ Transport
➢ Trade and Commerce
➢ Important aspects of
➢ Wholesale Trading International Trade
➢ Transport
➢ Volume of Trade
➢ Communication
➢ Composition of Trade
➢ Services
➢ Direction of Trade
➢ Tourism
➢ Balance of Trade
➢ Medical Services
➢ Types of International Trade
➢ Quaternary Activities
➢ Case of Free Trade
➢ Quinary Activities
➢ WTO – World Trade
➢ Concept of Digital Divide
Organisation and Regional
❖ Transport and Communication
Trade Blocs
❖ Transport
➢ Gateways of International
➢ Modes of Transportation
Trade
➢ Land Transport
❖ Ports
➢ Roads
➢ Industrial Ports
➢ Railways
➢ Commercial Ports
➢ Water Transport
➢ Sea Routes ➢ Comprehensive Ports

➢ Inland Waterways ➢ Inland Ports

➢ Air Transport ➢ Out Ports

➢ Pipelines ➢ Oil Ports

❖ Communications ➢ Port of call

➢ Satellite communication ➢ Packet station
➢ Cyberspace internet ➢ Entrepot Ports
❖ International Trade ➢ Naval Ports
➢ History of international Trade ❖ Settlement
➢ Basis of International Trade ➢ Types and Patterns of
➢ Difference in national settlements
resources

35
 ➢ Compact of Nucleated ➢ Mountain System
Settlements ➢ Classification of The

➢ Dispersed settlement Himalayan System

➢ Rural Settlements ➢ Regional Division of the

Himalaya
➢ Factors affecting location of
➢ The Peninsular - Peninsular
rural settlements
Plateaus
➢ Patterns of Rural settlements
➢ Plains - Northern Plains of
➢ Urban Settlements India
➢ Classification of Urban ➢ Lakes
Settlements ➢ Deserts
➢ Factors affecting location of ➢ Indian Coasts and Islands

rural settlements ❖ Drainage System

➢ Classification of Drainage
➢ Functions of Urban Centre
➢ Himalayan Drainage
➢ Classification of Towns on the
➢ Indus river system
basis of Forms
➢ Indus drainage system
➢ Types of Urban Settlements
➢ Ganga River System
➢ Town, City, Conurbation, ➢ Brahmaputra river system
Megalopolis, Million City ➢ Peninsular River System
➢ Issues of Urbanization in India ➢ East flowing Rivers

➢ Rural Urban Migration ➢ West flowing Rivers

➢ Mains Rivers and their
➢ Emergence of Slums
tributaries
➢ Inclusive Cities/Smart cities
➢ Famous cities and river banks

Indian Geography ❖ Climate

➢ Factors influencing the
❖ Physiography of India climate of India
➢ Geological Region ➢ Monsoon
➢ Location ➢ Mechanism of the Monsoon
➢ Physiographic Sub-Units ➢ Classical Theory

➢ Himalayans ➢ Modern theory

➢ Northern Plains ➢ Air mass theory

➢ Jet stream theory
➢ Peninsular Plateau
➢ El Nino and La Nina
➢ Thar Desert
➢ Seasonal rhythm
➢ Coastal Plain
➢ The Islands

36
 ➢ Koppen’s Climatic ➢ Gender composition of the
classification Population
➢ Indian Droughts and Floods ➢ Trends in Sex Ratio in India
❖ Soils in India
➢ Child sex ratio in age group 0-
➢ Soil Acidity
6 yrs
➢ Soil textures
➢ Sex ratio of age 7 years and
➢ Minerals of Soil
above population
➢ Soil Erosion
➢ Soil Conservation ➢ Old Age People

❖ Natural Vegetation ➢ Health Indicators

➢ Vegetation ❖ Settlements and Urbanization

➢ Rural Settlements
➢ Mangroves
➢ Factors affecting settlement
➢ Distribution of Forest Area
patterns
➢ Forest Problems in India
➢ Settlement types
❖ Population
➢ Urbanization
➢ Size, growth rate and ➢ Urban Agglomeration / Cities
distribution of population
❖ Land Resource
➢ India in World Population
➢ Land-use
➢ Demographic transition
➢ Land capability classification
➢ Census in India ➢ Causes of Land Degradation
➢ Ranking of States and Union ➢ Impact of Land Degradation
➢ Territories by population: 2001 ➢ Steps taken by GOI
& 2011
➢ Sustainable Land
➢ Population Growth Rates
Management
➢ Population: States and UT
❖ Mineral Resource
➢ Decadal growth rate ➢ Types of minerals: Metallic
➢ National Population Policy minerals
➢ Density of population ➢ Non-metallic mineral
➢ Literacy ➢ Distribution of minerals and
➢ Literacy in major states mining regions

➢ Literacy rate in India: 1951-2011 ➢ Distribution, production and

➢ Ranking of States and UTs by international trade of Metallic
206 literacy rate: 2011 minerals: Ferrous metals

➢ Ferro-alloys and non-ferrous

37
 ➢ Manganese ➢ Coal fields and coal

➢ Chromium production

➢ Nickel ➢ Byproducts of coal

➢ Tungsten ➢ Conservation of Coal

➢ Antimony ➢ Petroleum

➢ Copper ➢ Nature and properties of

➢ Bauxite and Aluminium petroleum

➢ Zinc ➢ Origin and recovery

➢ Lead ➢ Exploration

➢ Tin ➢ Petroleum refining

➢ Gold ➢ Petroleum reserves

➢ Silver ➢ Producing areas

➢ Platinum ➢ Consumption of petroleum

➢ Mineral chemicals ➢ International trade

➢ Mica ➢ OPEC and its role in oil trade

➢ Potash ➢ Natural gas: Reserves and

Production
➢ Phosphate
➢ Hydro-electricity
➢ Nitrates
➢ Advantages of hydro-
➢ Sulphur
electricity
➢ Conservation of mineral
➢ Ideal conditions for
resources
generation of hydro-
❖ Energy Resources
electricity
➢ Classification of energy
➢ Distribution of potential
➢ Production of conventional
hydro-power
energy
➢ Hydro-electric power
➢ General trends of energy
generation in India
production and consumption
➢ Atomic (nuclear) energy
➢ Reserves and sources of
➢ Atomic: source minerals:
energy
Uranium
➢ Coal
➢ World distribution of Uranium
➢ Nature and origin of coal
➢ Production of Uranium
➢ Constituents and kinds of coal
➢ Thorium

38
 ➢ Production of Atomic ➢ Chemical Pesticides and
(Nuclear) Energy Insecticides

➢ Nuclear Energy ➢ Modern Techniques-

➢ Alternative (non- Tractor|Harvesters

conventional) sources of ➢ The downside of the use of

energy Chemicals- Soil turned toxic-

➢ Solar energy Biomagnification has taken

➢ Wind energy place transfer of toxins, traces

of lead to the human body.
➢ Geothermal power
➢ The 1990s- Second Green
➢ Tidal energy
Revolution- Organic Farming
➢ Wave energy
➢ Replacement of Chemicals
➢ Biomass energy
with Biofertilizer and
❖ Agriculture Basic Terminologies
Biopesticide
➢ Performance of the
➢ Negative Impact of Green
agriculture sector
Revolution
➢ Types of farming in India
➢ Ecological implications
➢ Dry zone farming
➢ Loss of Biodiversity
➢ Organic farming
➢ Loss of Genetic Biodiversity
➢ Cropping seasons in India
➢ Soil Toxication
➢ Cropping Pattern in India
➢ BioMagnification and
➢ Agriculture regionalization
BioAccumulation
➢ Infrastructure factors: Seeds;
➢ Eutrophication
Fertilizers; Irrigation
➢ Socio-Economic Impacts
➢ Land use pattern in India
➢ Increased regional imbalance
➢ Institutional Factors as land
(GoI going for
reform
equidistribution- 90:10 in NE
➢ Horticulture sector in India
states)
➢ Agricultural revolutions
➢ Increased Intra-regional
➢ Green Revolution Technology imbalances
➢ HYVs Seeds ➢ Agricultural laborers
➢ Irrigation ➢ Price Policy for Agriculture
➢ Nutrients- Chemical ➢ Agricultural marketing
Fertilisers- N, P, K
➢ Agricultural Insurance

39
 ➢ Agricultural Census
➢ Major schemes in agricultural
sector
➢ National Policy for farmers
➢ Impact of climate change on
agriculture
➢ What is sustainable
agriculture?
➢ Use of IT in agriculture
➢ Agriculture Issues and
Challenges
❖ Developments in Agriculture Field
➢ NITI Aayog proposed the idea
of taxation of agricultural
income
➢ Removing agricultural
commodities from the
essential commodities Act:
NITI Aayog
➢ Feminization of Agriculture
➢ e-auction portal : e-Rakam
for selling agricultural
produce
➢ “AGRI-UDAAN” – Food and
agri-business acceleration 2.0
to bring startup revolution
➢ APEDA (Agricultural and
Processed Food Products
Export Development Authority
Act)
➢ SMAM (Sub-Mission on
Agricultural Mechanization)
➢ Jute-ICARE Project
➢ Project CHAMAN
40
➢ Doubling the farmers income:
Ashok Dalwai Committee
➢ RKVY-RAFTAAR
➢ Agro Irradiation Centers
➢ Agricultural Marketing and
Farm Friendly Reforms Index
➢ National Food Security Act
➢ Digitization and Agriculture
➢ Direct Benefit Transfer in
Fertilizer Sector
➢ Draft Regulation on
Fortification of Foods
➢ Law Commission
Recommendation on Food
Laws
➢ Concept of Modern Terminal
Markets
➢ Animal Husbandry, Dairying
and Fisheries
➢ e-Pashuhaat Portal
➢ Schemes of Biotech Kisan and
Cattle Genomics
➢ Rashtriya Gokul Mission
➢ Mission Fingerling
➢ Ornamental Fishing
➢ Agricultural Science Congress
➢ Ethanol Blending
➢ National Bureau of Plant
Genetic Resources
➢ Amendments to the NABARD
Act, 1981
➢ Revenue Insurance Scheme
for Plantation Crops
➢ Neem Coating of Urea
➢ National Agriculture Market
❖ Productivity of Crops ➢ Location of iron and steel
(Conditions of growth, Varieties industry

Methods of cultivation, Production ➢ Development of iron

pattern) manufacture

International trade ➢ Distribution of iron and steel

➢ Wheat industry

➢ Rice ➢ Global steel production

➢ Maize (Corn) ➢ International trade in Steel
➢ Barley ❖ Textile Industry
➢ Tea ➢ Cotton Textile Industry:
➢ Coffee Location of the industry

➢ Cocoa ➢ Recent trends in localization

➢ Tobacco ➢ Distribution and production of

❖ Fiber Crops cotton textiles

➢ Cotton ➢ Woolen textile industry:

Location of the industry
➢ Jute
✓ Substitutes of Jute: Flax, ➢ Silk textile industry: Raw silk

Hemp manufacture

➢ Raw Silk ➢ Silk textile manufacturing

➢ Natural Rubber ➢ Synthetic (artificial) silk

❖ Sugarcane industry

➢ Conditions of growth ➢ Distribution of man-made

➢ Production pattern fiber and fabrics

➢ International trade ❖ Engineering Industries

➢ Sugar Beet—Conditions of ➢ Machine tools and machines:

growth Areas of production

➢ Production pattern ➢ Industrial machinery: Textile

machinery
➢ Sugar industry
➢ Agricultural machinery
➢ Sugar consumption
➢ Manufacturing of transport
➢ International trade
equipment
❖ Industry
➢ Automobile industry
➢ Industrial development
➢ Shipbuilding
➢ Iron and Steel Industry
➢ Aircrafts Industry

41
❖ Fertilizer industry: Nitrogen Britain, Germany, Belgium,
fertilizers Netherlands, France, Italy,
➢ Phosphate fertilizers Eastern Europe, Poland,

➢ Potash fertilizers Former USSR

➢ Agro-industries ➢ Eastern Asia—Japan, China,

➢ Synthetic rubber industry India, High tech patterns.

➢ Pulp and paper industry: ❖ Transport

Essential conditions for pulp ➢ Importance and development
production of transport
➢ Production of paper and ➢ Means of transport
paper board ➢ Transport costs and
➢ Newsprint economic distance
❖ Cement industry ➢ Operating costs in transport
➢ Distribution of cement ➢ Relative importance of means
industry
of transport: Railways, Roads,
➢ Recent trends: Main global Pipeline, Oceans, Air transport
competitors
➢ Profits and freight rates
➢ Petroleum refining industry:
➢ Government’s transport policy
Localization
➢ Ocean transport routes
➢ Site selection of petroleum
➢ Inland waterways
refineries
➢ Main regions of inland
➢ History of oil refineries
waterways
➢ World pattern of oil refining
➢ Railways: Factors affecting the
➢ Petroleum products
railroads
❖ Industrial Regions
➢ Distribution of railroads in the
➢ Characteristics of industrial world
regions ➢ Air transport: Factors
➢ Delimitation of an industrial influencing air transport
region ➢ Air transport in various
➢ Principal industrial regions of continents
the world ➢ Pipeline transport
➢ Industrial regions of Anglo ➢ Petroleum (oil) pipelines
America—USA, Canada, ➢ Gas pipelines
Western Europe and Central

42
❖ New Development in Transport
Sector
➢ Rural electrification
corporation: First green bond
➢ Time and costs overruns of
infrastructure projects
➢ India’s First Mega Coastal
Economic Zone (CEZ) to come
up in Maharashtra
➢ Logistic sector gets
infrastructure status
➢ AIIB approves $150 million for
India infrastructure fund
➢ Ro-Ro Ferry service
➢ Bharatmala project for
construction of 24,000 km of
highway connecting Western
and Eastern part
➢ Union Ministry of shipping is
planning to expand Logistics
Data Bank (LDB)
➢ Railways India Development
Fund
➢ National Infrastructure
Investment Fund
➢ Defence Innovation Fund
➢ Flexi Fare Method in Railway
➢ Rail Cadre Management
➢ TRI-NETRA in Railways
➢ National Rail Plan 2030
➢ India’s First Caterpillar Train
➢ Green corridor concept
➢ Made in India ‘Medha’ train
➢ Antyodaya Express
43
➢ Smart Railway Station
➢ Yatri Mitra Seva
➢ National Highways
Interconnectivity
➢ Vehicle Fleet Modernization
Programme
➢ Transit Oriented Development
Policy
➢ Logistic Efficiency
Enhancement Programme
➢ Indian Bridge Management
System
➢ National Road Safety Policy
➢ TARANG
➢ E-trans
➢ DEEP (Discovery of Efficient
Electricity Price
➢ GARV II App
➢ Trading of Energy Saving
Certificates
➢ Powers for all 24x7
➢ Draft National Electricity Plan
➢ Habitat Commitment Index
❖ Industrial Sector and Many
Initiatives
➢ Disinvestment of PSUs
➢ Report titled “India’s Labor
Market: A New Emphasis on
Gainful Employment
➢ Wage code Bill in line of
recommendations of 2nd
 National Commission on ➢ Trade Receivables
Labour Discounting System

➢ CAR for the operation of ➢ SME Business Environment

Drones in India. Index

➢ Draft Evaluation template for

World Regional Geography
the star rating of Minor
Minerals ❖ Continents Countries and Cities

➢ Online database containing ➢ Continents and Important

Cities of the World
GIS-Enabled portal Maps land
related information ➢ Important Cities Situated on
the Banks of Rivers
➢ Chennai-Bangalore Industrial
➢ Changed Names of Some
Corridor
Cities, States, and Countries
➢ Apex Corridor Development
➢ Distinctive Names of
Authority
Countries/Towns—
➢ Tamra Portal
Geographical Epithets
➢ Mining Surveillance System
➢ Regional Grouping of
➢ Coal Mitra
Countries of the World
➢ M-SIPS for Electronic Sector ➢ Economic Classification of
➢ Indian Enterprise Countries of the World
Development Service

❖❖❖

44
 3 POLITY AND GOVERNANCE

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

Evolution of The Constitution ➢ Important Committees of the

Constituent Assembly and
❖ The Company Rule (1773-1858)
their Chairmen
➢ Regulating Act, 1773
➢ Working of the Constituent
➢ Amending Act, 1781 Assembly
➢ Pitt’s India Act, 1784 ➢ Important Milestones and
➢ Amending Act of 1786 concepts related to

➢ Charter Act, 1793 Constituent Assembly

➢ Charter Act, 1813 ➢ Objective Resolution

➢ Charter Act, 1833 ➢ Changes by the

Independence Act, 1947
➢ Charter Act, 1853
➢ Functions Performed by
❖ The Crown Rule (1858-1947)
Constituent Assembly
➢ Government of India Act, 1858
➢ Drafting Committee
➢ Indian Councils Act, 1861
➢ Enactment and enforcement
➢ Indian Councils Act, 1892
of the Constitution
➢ Indian Councils Act, 1909
➢ Important Facts about Indian
➢ Government of India Act, 1919 Constitution
➢ Simon Commission
Salient Features of Indian
➢ Government of India Act, 1935
Constitution
➢ Indian Independence Act, 1947
❖ Constitution and Types
❖ Making of Indian Constitution
➢ What is a Constitution?
➢ Sources
➢ Types of Constitution
✓ Seminal Sources
➢ Functions of the Constitution
✓ External Sources
➢ Historical evolution of the
✓ Developmental Sources
Constitution
✓ Constitutional Practices
➢ Constituent Assembly

45
 ➢ Objectives of the Constitution ➢ Integrity
➢ Unitary features ❖ Amendment of the Constitution
➢ Federal features ➢ Procedure for the Amendment
❖ Types of Political System of Constitution (Article 368)

➢ Types of Political System ➢ Types of Amendments

➢ Constitutional Government ➢ Amendability of FR’s

➢ Parliamentary form of ➢ Ingredients of basic structure

government ➢ Major Constitutional

➢ Reasons for adopting Amendments

Parliamentary System ➢ Supreme Court as the final

interpreter and Guardian of
➢ Distinction between Indian
and British Models the Constitution
➢ Criticism of the Amendment
➢ Features of the Presidential
Procedure
System
❖ Types of Majorities
➢ Features of Semi-Presidential
System ➢ Absolute Majority

❖ Preamble and Values in the ➢ Effective Majority

Constitution ➢ Simple Majority

➢ Objectives as per the ➢ Special Majority

Preamble ❖ Evolution of Basic Structure
➢ Whether the Preamble is a Doctrine
part of the Constitution or ➢ Elements of Basic Structure
not? ❖ Important Doctrines and Concepts
➢ Whether the Preamble can be ➢ Doctrine of severability
amended or not? ➢ Validity of Re-Constitutional
❖ Ideals (as mentioned in the Laws
Preamble) ➢ Doctrine of Eclipse
➢ Democratic ➢ Doctrine of Harmonious
➢ Sovereign Construction
➢ Socialist ➢ Doctrine of Pith and
➢ Secular Substance
➢ Republic ➢ Doctrine of Colorable
➢ Justice Legislation (Article 246)
➢ Equality ➢ Doctrine of Territorial Nexus
➢ Liberty
➢ Doctrine of Laches
➢ Fraternity
❖ Other Constitutional Dimensions

46
 ➢ Schedules and Subjects
➢ Official Languages
Union and Its Territory
❖ Article 1-4
➢ Article 1: Name and Territory
of the Union
➢ Committee/commission for
State Re-organization
➢ The State Reorganization
Commission(SRC) 1953
➢ Article 2: Admit or Establish
new State
➢ Article 3: Formation of new
States and alternation of
areas, boundaries or names
of existing States
➢ Article 4: Laws made under
articles 2 and 3 to provide for
the amendment of the First
and the Fourth Schedule and
Supplemental.
➢ Delimitation Commission
Citizenship
❖ Constitutional Provisions (Article 6-
11)
➢ Constitutional provisions of
citizenship
➢ Citizenship Act, 1955
➢ The Citizenship (Amendment)
Act, 2016
➢ Citizenship Amendment Act,
2019
47
➢ Methodology of Acquisition of
Citizenship
➢ Modes of Losing the
Citizenship of India
➢ Concept of dual citizenship
➢ Special privileges enjoyed by
citizens in India
➢ Rights and Duties of Citizens
➢ Comparison between Citizens
and Aliens
➢ Comparison between NRI, PIO,
and OCI Cardholder
❖ Indian Diaspora
➢ Pravasi Bhartiya Divas
➢ Non-Resident Indians
Fundamental Rights Part III
❖ Meaning
❖ Objectives
❖ Evolution
❖ Importance
❖ Reasonable Restriction on
Fundamental Rights
❖ Article 12: Definition of state
❖ Article 13: Laws Inconsistent with
Fundamental Rights:
➢ Concept of Judicial Review
❖ Equality Rights
➢ Concept of Rule of Law
➢ Article 14: Equality before the
law or the Equal protection of
Law
➢ Article 15: Prohibition of
Discrimination On the
 grounds of religion, race,
caste, sex or place of birth
➢ Article 16: Equality of
Opportunity In matters of
Public Employment
➢ Article 17: Abolition of
Untouchability
➢ Article 18: Abolition of Titles
➢ Due Process of Law
➢ Procedure Established by Law
❖ Right to Freedom
➢ Article 19: The Six Freedoms
with Reasonable Restriction
➢ Article 20: Protection in
respect of conviction for
offenses
➢ Article 21: Protection of life
and personal liberty
➢ Article 22: Protection against
arrest and detention
❖ Legal, Constitutional and
Fundamental Rights: Right to
Property, Right to Vote etc.
❖ Right against Exploitation
➢ Article 23: Prohibition of
Trafficking human beings and
forced labour
➢ Article 24: Prohibition of
employment of children in
factories, etc
❖ Right to Freedom of Religion
➢ Article 25: Freedom of
conscience and free
profession, practice and
propagation or religion
48
➢ Article 26: Freedom to
manage religious affairs
➢ Article 27: Freedom as to
payment of taxes for
promotion of any particular
religion.
➢ Article 28: Freedom as to
attendance religious
instruction or worship in
educational institutions
❖ Cultural and Educational Rights
➢ Article 29: Protection of
interest of Minorities
➢ Article 30: Right of minorities
to establish and administer
educational institutions
❖ Right to Constitutional Remedies
(Article 32): Writs
➢ Habeas Corpus
➢ Mandamus
➢ Certiorari
➢ Prohibition
➢ Quo Warranto
❖ Other Dimensions of FR’s
➢ Article 33: Modification in
application of FRs regarding
Armed Forces
➢ Article 34: Restrictions on FRs
when Martial Law is in Place
➢ Article 35: Parliament to
make laws regarding FRs
 Directive Principles of State ❖ Directive Principle Outside Part IV

Policy (DPSP) Part IV ➢ Article 335 in Part XVI

➢ Article 350-A in Part XVII
❖ Evolution, objectives, and features
➢ Article 351 in Part XVII
➢ Basic Features

➢ Different Types Principles Fundamental Duties

➢ Amendments ❖ Article: 51A

➢ Implementation ➢ Features
❖ Socialistic Principles covering ➢ List of Fundamental Duties
following articles
➢ Relation between of
➢ Article: 38 Fundamental Rights and
➢ Article:39 Duties
➢ Article: 39A ➢ 86th Constitutional
➢ Article: 41 Amendment Act 2003 : RTE

➢ Article: 42 ❖ Other Developments

➢ Article: 43 ➢ Universal Declaration of

➢ Article: 43A Human Rights (1948)

➢ Fundamental Duties –
➢ Article: 47
Awareness Campaigns is the
❖ Gandhian Principles covering
Duty of Centre
following articles
➢ National Anthem - Mandatory
➢ Article: 40
In Cinema Halls - Article 51(a)
➢ Article: 43
➢ Prevention of Insults
➢ Article: 46
toNational Honour Act, 1971
➢ Article: 47
➢ Triple Talaq Issue
➢ Article: 48
➢ Uniform Civil Code
❖ Liberal-Intellectual Principles ➢ MGNREGA: Right to Work
covering following articles
➢ Making Aadhaar mandatory
➢ Article: 44
System of Governance
➢ Article: 45
➢ Article: 48 ❖ Centre-State Relations
➢ Article: 48A ➢ Legislative Relations
➢ Article: 49 ➢ Related to Territorial Powers

➢ Article: 50 ➢ Related to Legislative Powers

➢ Article: 51

49
 ➢ Related to Parliament’s ➢ Conditions of Office
Powersto make Laws in State ➢ Term of Office
➢ Sarkaria Commission’s ➢ Election /Re-election
Opinion on Legislative ➢ Manner of Election
Relations ➢ Impeachment of the President
➢ Administrative Relations ➢ Impeachment of the President
➢ Delegation of Union Functions
➢ Vacancy in the Office of
to the States
President
➢ Sarkaria Commission’s
➢ Powers of the President
Opinion on Administrative
➢ Executive powers (Article 53)
Relations
➢ Financial Relations ➢ Legislative Powers

➢ National Integration Council ➢ Financial Powers

❖ Inter State Relation and Related ➢ Ordinance Issuing Power

Issues (Article 123)
➢ Inter state water dispute ➢ Judicial/Pardoning Power
➢ Inter state councils ➢ Military
➢ Inter state trade and
➢ Diplomatic
commerce
➢ Emergency Powers
➢ Zonal Councils
❖ Vice President
❖ Special Provisions for some States
➢ Provisions for Maharashtra ➢ Qualification
and Gujarat, Nagaland, ➢ Conditions of Office
Assam and Manipur
➢ Term of Office
➢ Provisions for Jammu and
➢ Election
Kashmir (Article 370) (now
➢ Removal
abrogated)
❖ Types of Emergencies ➢ Vacancy

➢ National Emergency ➢ Functions of the Vice-

➢ Constitutional/State President (Ex-officio
Emergency /President’s Rule Chairperson of Rajya Sabha)
➢ Financial Emergency ❖ The Prime Minister

Union Executive ➢ Appointment

➢ Eligibility
❖ President
➢ Powers and Functions of
➢ Eligibility
Prime Minister

50
 ➢ Relationship between the ➢ Devices of Parliamentary
President Proceedings

and the Prime Minister ➢ Parliamentary Privileges and

Immunities
➢ Deputy Prime Minister
➢ Collective Privileges of the
➢ Prime Minister’s Office
House
❖ Union Council of Minister
➢ Individual Privileges
➢ Article 74: Council of Ministers
➢ Houses of the Parliament
to aid and advice President
❖ Parliament (Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha
➢ Article 75: Other Provisions as
and President)
to Ministers
➢ Lok Sabha Composition
➢ Article 77: Conduct of
Business Of the Government ➢ Rajya Sabha Composition

of India ➢ Presiding Officers of the

➢ Article 78: Duties of Prime Parliament
Minister ➢ Speaker
➢ Nature of advice by Ministers
➢ Powers & Functions of the
➢ Strength of the Council
speaker
➢ Appointment of a Non-
➢ Deputy Speaker
legislator as a Minister
➢ Panel of Chairpersons of Lok
➢ Collective responsibility of the
Sabha
Ministers
➢ Individual Responsibility of ➢ Speaker Pro Tem

Ministers ➢ Chairman of Rajya Sabha

➢ Concept of Derivability ➢ Deputy Chairman of Rajya
❖ Role of Bureaucracy Sabha

➢ Panel of Vice-Chairpersons of
Union Legislature
Rajya Sabha
❖ Organisation of Parliament
➢ Chairman and Deputy
➢ Organisation of Parliament
chairman of the Council of
➢ Qualifications and
States
Disqualifications for being a
➢ Membership of the Parliament
Member of Parliament
(Article 84) ➢ Secretariat of Parliament

➢ Functions of the Parliament ➢ Leaders in Parliament and

➢ Functioning of the Parliament Whip

➢ Sessions of Parliament

51
 ➢ Devices of Parliamentary ➢ Article 153: Governors of
Proceedings States

➢ Comparison between ➢ Article 154: Executive power of

State
different types of Funds
➢ Powers of Governor
➢ Role and powers of
➢ Executive power
Parliament
➢ Legislative power
➢ Special Power of Rajya Sabha
➢ Financial Power
➢ Position of Rajya Sabha with ➢ Judicial Power (Article 161 )
respect to Lok Sabha ➢ Discretionary power
➢ Parliamentary Privileges ➢ Article 155: Appointment of
➢ Sovereignty of Parliament Governor

❖ Legislative Procedure and ➢ Article 156: Term of office of

Committees of Parliament Governor

➢ Legislative Procedure in ➢ Article 157: Qualifications for

Parliament Appointment as Governor

➢ Joint Sitting (Article 108) of ➢ Article 158: Conditions of

Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha Governor’s office

➢ Ordinary Bill ➢ Article 159: Oath or

affirmation by the Governor
➢ Money Bill
➢ Article 160: Discharge of the
➢ Financial Bill
functions of the Governor in
➢ Constitution Amendment Bill
certain contingencies
➢ Lapsing of Bills
➢ Article 162: Extent of executive
➢ Annual Financial Statement:
power of State
Budget (Article 112)
➢ Recommendations on the
➢ Demand of Grants
office of Governor
➢ Appropriation Bill
➢ ARC (Administrative Reforms
➢ Cut motions Commission)
➢ Stages in Enactment of ➢ Sarkaria Commission
Budget
➢ National Commission to
➢ Other Grants Review the working of the
➢ Related Information of Budget Constitution
➢ Parliamentary committees ❖ The Chief Minister and the CoM
➢ Powers and Functions of Chief
State Executive
Minister
❖ Governor ➢ In Relation to Council of
➢ Article 152: Definition Ministers

52
 ➢ In relation to the Governor
➢ In Relation to State Legislature
➢ Other Powers and Functions
➢ Composition of the Council of
Ministers
➢ Responsibility of Ministers
➢ Advocate-General for the
State
State Legislature
❖ Legislative Assembly
➢ Legislative Assembly (Vidhan
Sabha)
➢ Powers and Functions
➢ Speaker & Deputy Speaker
➢ Parliament’s Control over
State Legislature
❖ Legislative Council (Article 169)
➢ Qualifications
➢ Powers and Functions
Local Government
❖ Panchayati Raj
➢ Evolution of the Panchayati
Raj Institution (PRI)
➢ 73rd Amendment Act of 1992
➢ Compulsory and Voluntary
Provisions
❖ Urban Local Government
➢ 74th Constitutional
Amendment Act
➢ Types of Urban Governments
In India
❖ PESA Act,1996
53
Union Territories and Special
Areas
❖ Union Territories
➢ Creation of Union Territories
➢ Administration of UT’s
➢ Special provisions for Delhi
➢ Special Category Status
❖ Schedule and Tribal Areas
➢ Administration of Schedule
Areas
➢ Administration of Tribal areas
➢ Fifth Schedule and Sixth
Schedule
The Judiciary
❖ The Supreme Court
➢ Chief Justice of India
➢ Acting Chief Justice of India
➢ Appointment of Supreme
Court Judges
➢ Qualifications for Supreme
Court Judges
➢ Removal of a Supreme Court
Judges
➢ Process of Impeachment
➢ Ad hoc and Retired Judges
➢ Salaries and allowances of
Supreme Court Judges
➢ Chief Justices of India (Since
1951)
➢ Jurisdiction of the Supreme
Court
➢ Judicial Independence
➢ Judiciary Executive Relations
 ➢ Difference between Indian ➢ Election Commission:
and American Judiciary Universal Adult Franchise,
➢ Concurrence Vs Consultation Right to Vote
➢ Judicial Review and Judicial ➢ Elections and Electoral System
Activism in India
➢ Concept of Public Interest ➢ Electoral Reforms Since 1988
Litigation (PIL)
➢ All India Services
❖ The High Courts, Subordinate
➢ Union Public Service
Courts & Lok Adalats
Commission (UPSC)
➢ The High Courts
➢ State Public Service
➢ Jurisdiction of the High Courts
Commission (SPSC)
➢ Subordinate Courts
➢ Joint State public Service
➢ Gram Nyayalayas Act, 2008
Commission (JSPSC)
➢ Alternative dispute Resolution
➢ National Commission For SCs
➢ Lok Adalat
➢ National Commission For STs
➢ All India Judicial Service
➢ Special Officer for Linguistic
➢ E-governance in Judiciary
Minority
➢ Judicial Impact Assessment
➢ The Advocate General
➢ Judges Standards and
(Article 165)
AccountabilityBill, 2010
➢ National Legal Services ❖ Extra-Constitutional

Authority (NALSA) ➢ Special officer for linguistic

Minorities
Constitutional & Extra-
➢ Central Information
Constitutional Bodies
Commission
❖ Constitutional Bodies ➢ State Information
➢ Finance Commission Commission
➢ Constitution ➢ Lokpal and LokAyukta
➢ Functions ➢ National Human Rights
➢ Comptroller And Auditor Commission
General of India ➢ State Human Right
➢ Attorney-General of India Commission

➢ Appointment ➢ CVC (Central Vigilance

➢ Functions and Responsibilities Commission)

54
 ➢ NITI Aayog (National
Institution for Transforming
India)
➢ NITI Aayog Vs the Planning
Commission
Political Dynamics
❖ Political Parties and Election
➢ Salient features of
Representation of Peoples Act,
1951
➢ Criminalization of politics
➢ Negative or neutral voting
➢ State funding of Election
➢ Irregularities in polling
➢ Types of Political Parties
➢ Party System in India
➢ Political Parties in India
➢ Problems in the working of
parties
➢ Casteism and Politic
➢ 10th Schedule and Anti-
defection measures
❖ Pressure Groups
➢ Meaning and Techniques
➢ Types of Pressure Groups in
India
➢ Role of pressure group in
developing countries
➢ Functions of pressure groups
in India
➢ Pressure groups methods
➢ Pressure groups and
Democracy
55
➢ Criticism of pressure groups
Governance
❖ Governing Institutions in India
❖ Structure of
Ministries/departments
❖ Political head
❖ Secretariat organization secretary
❖ Functions of the secretariat
❖ Functions of attached and
subordinate office
❖ Other organizations
❖ Public sector undertakings
❖ The Executive organization
❖ Advantages of the separation of
secretariat and executive
organization.
❖ Strengths and weaknesses of the
existing structure
❖ Recommendations for improving
the Organizational structure
Audit and other Transparency
Mechanism
❖ CVC
❖ CAG
❖ Lokpal
❖ Lok Ayukta
❖ Role of SHG, NGOs, Civil Society
➢ SHGs
➢ Characteristics and Role of
SHGs in development
➢ NGOs
❖ Functions of NGOs in development
 ➢ Micro Finance Institutions (Prevention of Atrocities)
Amendment Act
Salient features and Role of MFIs
❖ Important Schedules of
in development
Constitution
❖ Cooperatives ❖ Order of Precedence
❖ Social Sector Legislation
Welfare Schemes
➢ The Juvenile Justice (Care
andProtection of Children) Act ❖ Health

➢ Surrogacy (Regulation) Bill, ➢ National Health Mission

2016 ➢ National Ayush Mission
➢ Child Labour (Prohibitionand ➢ Jan Aushadhi Scheme
Amendment) Bill, 2016 ➢ Mission Indradhanush
➢ Maternity Benefit Bill, 2016 ➢ NFHS-4 survey
➢ Pre-Conception & Pre-Natal ➢ Education
Diagnostic Techniques (PNDT)
➢ Padhe Bharat Badhe Bharat
Act
➢ Mid Day Meal Scheme
➢ Mental Health Care Bill, 2013
➢ GIAN (Global Initiative
➢ Protection of Children from
ofAcademic Networks)
Sexual Offenses (POCSO)
➢ SWAYAM (Study Webs of
➢ Anti Trafficking Bill with
Active –Learning for Young
Stringent Penalty
Aspiring Minds)
➢ HIV and AIDS (Prevention and
➢ Start-up and Skill
Control)Bill- 2014 -
Development
Amendments
➢ Start Up India Scheme
➢ Domestic Violence Act, 2005 -
➢ Stand up India Scheme
SC WidensAmbit
➢ National Student Start-up
➢ Rights of Persons with
Policy
DisabilitiesBill, 2014 with more
➢ National Skill Development
Benefit
Mission
➢ Transgender Persons
➢ Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas
(Protection of Rights)Bill 2016
Yojana
➢ The Scheduled Castes and
➢ Deen Dayal Antyodaya
the Scheduled Tribes
Yojana

56
➢ Skill Development Initiative ➢ Accessible India Campaign
Scheme (Sugamya Bharat Abhiyan)

➢ Self-Employment & Talent ➢ Rural and Urban Development

Utilisation (SETU) ➢ Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana
➢ Atal Innovation Mission ➢ Gram Uday Se Bharat Uday
➢ Vulnerable Sector Abhiyan

➢ Social Security ➢ Shyama Prasad Mukherjee

➢ Atal Pension Yojana Rurban Mission

➢ Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti ➢ Deendayal Upadhyaya Gram

Bima Yojana Jyoti Yojana

➢ Pradhan Mantri Suraksha ➢ Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak

Bima Yojana Yojana

➢ Nai Roshni Scheme ➢ Swachch Bharat Abhiyan

➢ USTAAD Scheme (Upgrading ➢ Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana-

the Skills and Training in Gramin

Traditional Arts/Crafts for ➢ Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana

Development) - Urban

➢ Nai Manzil Scheme ➢ Housing for all by 2022

➢ Women and Child ➢ Smart Cities Mission

Development ➢ Hriday - National Heritage
➢ Beti Bachao Beti Padhao City Development and

➢ Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana Augmentation Yojana

➢ Digital Gudda Guddi Board ➢ Amrut (Atal Mission for

➢ Ujjawala Scheme Rejuvenation and Urban

Transformation)
➢ Janani Suraksha Yojana
➢ Inclusive growth
➢ Janani Shishu Suraksha
Karyakram ➢ Measurement criteria

➢ SC/ST ➢ Government initiatives for

inclusive growth
➢ Vanbandhu Kalyan Yojana
➢ Basic Amenities:
➢ Pradhan Mantri Adarsh Gram
Housing/Drinking
Yojana
Waters/Sanitations
➢ Disability
➢ Sustainable Development

➢ Rural Development

57
➢ Rural development and ➢ SAKAAR
poverty alleviation ➢ Digital India
➢ Review of the existing ➢ Namami Gange Project
Programmes (Integrated Ganga
➢ Development Administration Conservation Mission Project)

➢ Panchayati Raj ➢ Ganga Gram Yojana

➢ Agriculture and Rural ➢ Khelo India

Development ➢ PRAGATI (Pro-Active
➢ Miscellaneous schemes Governance and Timely

➢ Digilocker Implementation)

➢ Bharatnet Project (National ➢ Indian Community Welfare

Optical Fibre Network) Fund (ICWF)

➢ INSPIRE (Innovation in Science

Pursuit for Inspired Research)

❖❖❖

58
 4 ECONOMY
FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS
❖ Macroeconomic Concepts
➢ Meaning of Economics
➢ Types of Economies
➢ Sectors of an Economy
❖ Microeconomic Concepts
Measurements in Economy
❖ National Income Concepts and
Methods of Calculation
➢ National Income
➢ Real National Income
➢ Calculating National Income
➢ Gross Fixed Capital Formation
(GFCF)
➢ National Organizations
Related to National Income
Accounts
➢ Central Statistical
Organization (CSO)
➢ Economic Growth Vs
Economic Development
➢ Measures of Economic Growth
➢ Procyclical and Counter
Cyclical Economic policies
➢ Methods of GDP calculations
59
➢ Difference between Gross
Domestic Product (GDP) AND
Gross National Product (GNP)
➢ Difference between GDP
(Gross Domestic Product) and
GVA (Gross Value Added)
➢ India’s National Income
Estimates
➢ New Series of National
Statistics (Base Year 2011-12)
➢ Annual Estimates of
Expenditures on GDP
➢ Per Capita Income
➢ Purchasing Power Parity
➢ Lorenz Curve
➢ Philip’s Curve
➢ Gini Coefficient
❖ Business Cycle
➢ Inflation
➢ Reports & Indices
➢ Concepts and Types of
Inflation
➢ Causes of Inflation
➢ Effects of Inflation
➢ Measures of Inflation
➢ WPI, CPI
 ➢ Producer Price Index ➢ Indian currency system

➢ GDP Deflator ➢ Broad and Narrow Money

➢ Core Inflation ➢ Money multiplier

➢ Change in Reporting of ➢ Digital Money

Inflation ➢ New Monetary Aggregates

➢ Measures to Check Inflation?? ➢ Monetary Policy

➢ Fiscal Measures ❖ Banking in India

➢ Administrative Measures ➢ Scheduled Commercial Banks

➢ Monetary Measures ➢ Nationalized Banks

➢ Economic Growth and ➢ Public Sector Banks

Development ➢ State Bank of India
➢ Economic Growth ➢ Private Banks
➢ Economic Development ➢ Foreign Banks
➢ Measurement of Economic ➢ Regional Rural Banks
Development
➢ Scheduled Co-operative
➢ Inclusive Growth
Banks
➢ Physical Quality of Life Index
➢ Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
(PQLI)
❖ Methods of Credit Control
➢ Millennium Development
➢ Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR)
Goals (MDGs)
➢ Different Levels of Economic ➢ Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR)

Development ➢ Repo Rate

➢ Terminologies with respect to ➢ Reserve Repo Rate

Recession ➢ Call Rates
➢ Types of Economy Recovery ➢ Marginal Standing Facility
➢ Economy and Environment (MSF)
➢ Environment Taxes ➢ Bank Rate
➢ Carbon Tax ➢ Banking Sector Reforms in
➢ Green Accounting India

Money and Banking ➢ Differentiated Banks

➢ Payment Banks
❖ Money Function and Classification
➢ Small Banks
➢ Money Concept
➢ New banking license
➢ Measures of Money Supply in
India ➢ White Label ATM

60
➢ Unified Payments Interface ➢ Indian Post Payment Bank

➢ Bank Board Bureau (IPPB)

➢ Marginal Cost of Funds Based ➢ Indian Gold Coins/Gold Bullion

Lending Rate (MCLR) Scheme

➢ Priority Sector Lending ❖ Financial Market and its

Certificates Instruments

➢ Concept of Micro ATM ➢ Concept and functions of

➢ Banking Reforms financial markets

➢ Basel Norms ➢ Importance of money market

➢ Banking Ombudsman ➢ Types of capital market

➢ Development Financial ➢ Distinguish between capital

Institutions market and money market

➢ Insurance Companies ➢ Nature and functions of a

stock exchange
➢ New Developments in
Economic Sector ➢ Advantages of stock
exchanges
➢ Government to recapitalize
the PSB’s ➢ Limitations of stock
exchanges
➢ RBI rule and regulation for
peer to peer (P2P) lending ➢ The stock exchanges in India

➢ Domestic Systemically ➢ Insurance Industry -

Important Banks (SIBs) of Insurance Industry and

India Reforms

➢ Financial Inclusion in India ➢ Role of Financial Regulators:

SEBI and IRDA
➢ The Concept of Bad Bank

➢ Alternative Mechanism Panel Public Finance

for PSB consolidation
❖ Budgeting
➢ Employee Provident Fund of
➢ Union Budget
India
➢ Plan and Non Plan Expenditure
➢ Enforcement Department In
➢ Revenue Receipts
RBI
➢ Tax Revenue Receipts
➢ Gold Monetization Scheme
(GMS) ➢ Non-Tax Revenue Receipts

❖ Fiscal Policy

61
 ➢ Fiscal Responsibility and ➢ Meaning of Economic
Budget Management (FRBM) Planning

Act, 2003 ➢ Objectives of?Planning

➢ Revenue Deficit, Fiscal Deficit, ➢ Strategies of Planning

Primary Deficit ➢ Harrod Domar strategy

➢ Nehru Mahalanobis strategy
➢ Deficit and Surplus Budget
➢ Gandhian strategy
➢ Deficit Financing
➢ LPG strategy
❖ Centre State Distribution
➢ Regional and National
➢ Finance Commission (Article Planning
280) ➢ Imperative and Indicative
❖ Tax Structure in India Planning
➢ Important concepts ➢ History of Planning in India

➢ Methods of Taxation ➢ Visvesvaraya Plan, Gandhian

(Progressive, Regressive, Plan FICCI Proposal, Congress

Plan Bombay Plan
Proportional)
➢ Planning Commission and
➢ Types of Taxes (Direct Tax,
National Development
Indirect Tax )
Council(NDC)
➢ Value Added Tax – VAT in ➢ Central Planning – 5 Year
India
Plans, 20 Point Program,
➢ Goods and Services Tax –
MPLADS
GST, GST Council
➢ Decentralized Planning
➢ Service Tax
➢ Multi-Level Planning
➢ DTC – Direct Tax Code
➢ Central sector and Centrally
➢ Comparison between
Surcharge and Cess Sponsored Schemes

➢ Distribution of Tax Revenues ❖ Planning Institutions

➢ Important Institutions ➢ Planning Commission

➢ Steps taken to reduce Tax ➢ NITI Aayog
Avoidance in India ➢ National Development
➢ Taxation related terms and Council (NDC)
terminologies
❖ Five Year Plans in India
❖ Government Debt
➢ 12th Five Year Plan (2012-2017)
Planning ➢ Alternative Scenarios During
12th Plan
❖ Meaning , Objectives and History

62
 ➢ Economic Reforms ➢ International Fund for
Agricultural Development
External Sector
(IFAD)
❖ Foreign Trade Concepts ➢ International Labour
➢ Balance of Payments Organization (ILO)
➢ Foreign Capital – FDI, FPI, FII, ➢ International Maritime
QFH Organization (IMO)
➢ Foreign Exchange–Exchange ➢ International Monetary Fund
Rate NEER & REER, ETF (IMF)
➢ FERA & FEMA ➢ International
➢ Capital Account Convertibility Telecommunication Union
in India (ITU)
➢ India's External Debt ➢ United Nations Educational,
➢ NRI Deposits Scientific and Cultural
➢ Trade Composition Organization (UNESCO)
❖ Trade Policy and Agreements ➢ United Nations Industrial
➢ Import Cover Development Organization

➢ Import/Export Controls (UNIDO)

➢ Foreign Trade policy 2015-20 ➢ Universal Postal Union (UPU)

➢ Export Promotion ➢ World Bank Group (WBG)

➢ General Agreement on Tariffs ➢ International Bank for

and Trade Reconstruction and

❖ Exchange Rate Development (IBRD)

➢ Exchange Market ➢ International Finance

➢ LERMS Corporation (IFC)

➢ NEER ➢ International Development

Association (IDA)
➢ REER
➢ World Health Organization
➢ ETF
(WHO)
❖ International Organization
➢ World Intellectual Property
➢ United Nations
Organization (WIPO)
➢ Food and Agriculture
➢ World Meteorological
Organization (FAO)
Organization (WMO)
➢ International Civil Aviation
Organization (ICAO)

63
 ➢ World Tourism Organization
(UNWTO)
➢ World Trade Organization
(WTO)
➢ Asian Development Bank
➢ Asian Infrastructure
Investment Bank (AII)
➢ New Development Bank
➢ African Development Bank
❖ Trade Agreements
➢ RCEP
➢ TPP
➢ NAFTA
➢ MERCOSUR
➢ Southern African
Development Community
(SADC)
➢ ASEAN
➢ SAFTA
❖ New Developments in External
Sector
➢ Global foreign exchange
committee
➢ Price capping of medical
devices in India
➢ Review of the International
Investment Agreement (IIA)
➢ India signed the OECD
multilateral convention to
prevent BEPS (Base Erosion
and Profit Shifting)
➢ Second Exchange Traded
Fund (ETF) Bharat 22
64
➢ Double Tax Avoidance Treaty
➢ Preferential Trade Agreement
with Chile
➢ Advance Pricing Agreement
➢ National Committee on Trade
Facilitation
➢ E-tourist Visa
➢ India’s Asylum Policy
➢ Investor-State Dispute
Settlement (ISDS)
❖ Human Development and
Sustainable Development in India
➢ Human Development
➢ Approaches to Human
Development
➢ UNDP Human Development
Report (HDR)
➢ Comparison between Gender
Inequality Index, Global
Gender Gap Index, Gender
Parity Index
➢ World Happiness Report
➢ World Bank- Human Capital
Project
➢ Sustainable Development
➢ Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs) 2030
❖ Poverty
➢ Definition and Indices
➢ Poverty in India
➢ Human Poverty Index (HPI)
➢ Expert Groups for Estimating
Poverty
 ➢ Multidimensional Poverty ➢ Financial Inclusion Schemes

➢ National Multidimensional ➢ Health Schemes

Poverty Index INDEX (N-MPI) ➢ Women Empowerment?
➢ Terminologies related to Programmes
Poverty ➢ Other Women Empowerment?
➢ Socio Economic and Caste Programmes
Census (SECC) ➢ Social? Security
❖ Employment ❖ Committees
➢ Employment and ➢ Ratan P Watal Committee on
Unemployment Digital Payment
➢ Poverty Eradication and ➢ Committee for Market
Employment Related Related Infrastructure Institution (MII)
programs ➢ P. J. Nayak Committee
❖ Unemployment ➢ Deepak Mohanty Committee
➢ Types of Unemployment in Report on Medium-term Path
India on Financial Inclusion
➢ Key Employment and ➢ Narasimham Committee
Unemployment Indicators Report on Banking Sector
➢ Terminologies related to Reforms
Unemployment ➢ Uday Kotak Committee on
➢ Inequality Corporate Governance

➢ Causes of Inequality ➢ Nachiket Mor Committee

❖ Government Schemes and

Agriculture Sector in Indian
Programs
Economy
➢ New Social Welfare Schemes
❖ Key statistics
➢ Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti
Bima Yojana (PMJJBY) ❖ Economic Survey on Agriculture

➢ Other Social Protection? ❖ Union Budgets on Agriculture

Programmes? ❖ Important terminologies related to

➢ Rural Infrastructure and Cropping

Development ❖ Cropping Seasons

➢ Urban Infrastructure, Housing ❖ Major Crops and Producing States

and Sanitation ❖ Farming Systems

➢ Education Schemes ❖ Agriculture Inputs

65
❖ Irrigation ❖ Important Industrial Locations

❖ Fertiliser/Plant Nutrients ❖ Strategic and Critical Minerals

❖ Finance/Credit ❖ Economic Reforms of 1991

❖ Seeds ❖ Industrial Policies of India

❖ Distribution ❖ Industrial Policy Resolution

❖ Agriculture Market ❖ Disinvestment

❖ Import/Export ❖ Types of Public Sector Enterprises

❖ FCI and MSP (PSEs)

❖ Sustainable Agriculture ❖ Financial Model

❖ Sugarcane Pricing ❖ Special Economic Zones (SEZ)

❖ Important Agriculture and Income ❖ National Investment &

Support Schemes Manufacturing Zones (NIMZ)

❖ Committees related to Agriculture ❖ Production Linked Incentive (PLI)

❖ Other Agriculture related Scheme

Institutions ❖ Industrial Corridors

❖ Contract Farming ❖ Dedicated Freight Corridor (DFC)

❖ Organic Farming ❖ Related Schemes and Initiatives

❖ Zero Budget Natural Farming ❖ National Infrastructure Pipeline

(ZBNF) (NIP)

❖ Major Agreements and concepts ❖ National Logistics Efficiency and

under WTO (World Trade Advancement Predictability and

Organization) Safety Act (NLEAPS)

❖ Rainbow Revolution in Agriculture ❖ Micro, Small, and Medium

❖ Animal Husbandry Enterprises (MSMEs)

❖ Land Reforms ❖ Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)

❖ Important Reports
Industry & Infrastructure in
Indian Economy Service Sector in Indian Economy

❖ Classification Of Industries ❖ Spread of Service Sector

❖ Index of Industrial Production (IIP) ❖ Service Sector Performance

❖ Eight Core Sectors ❖ National Investment and

❖ Economic Survey 2021-22 Infrastructure Fund (NIIF)

❖ Difference between PMI and IIP ❖ Purchasing Managers Index (PMI)

66
❖ Logistics Performance Index (LPI) ❖ WTO and Services

❖ Logistics Ease Across Different ❖ Government Schemes & Initiatives

States (LEADS) Report, 2022 ❖ Services: Economic Survey 2021-22
❖ Champion Services Sector (CSS) ❖ It and Telecom Services

❖❖❖

67
 5 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

❖ Policy Development of S&T in India ➢ List of Various Centre

➢ Role of S&T in the Developing Institutions and Bureaus

World ➢ Ministries and Department for
➢ S&T Policy in India science and Technology
➢ The S&T Policy Resolution in ➢ Institutional structure
1958 ➢ Department of Science &
➢ S&T Policy of the 1983 Technology
➢ S&T Policy of the 2003 ➢ CSIR
➢ S&T Policy 2013
➢ Survey of India
➢ Science and Technology for
➢ Science and Engineering
Human Resource
Research Council
Development
➢ Technology Development
➢ Awards related to Science
Board
➢ New Initiatives Aligned with
➢ National Accreditation Board
the National Agenda
for Testing and Calibration
➢ India and World collaboration
Laboratories
in science projects
➢ Technology Vision Document Space
2035
❖ Space Research Programme, Orbits
➢ National Biotechnology
and Launch
Development Strategy 2015-
2020 ➢ Space Technology

➢ National Intellectual Property ➢ Indian Space research

Rights Policy Programme

➢ Organ donation rules in India ➢ ISRO and ANTRIX

➢ Policy on Synthetic Biology ➢ Orbits Type
❖ Different Organization Institution ➢ Satellite Launching Systems
and Various Department for the ➢ Terminologies Related to the
S&T Space Science

68
❖ Satellites, Launch Vehicles and ➢ Thirty Metre Telescope
India Satellite Programmes ➢ Resourcesat-2A
➢ Earth Observation Systems ➢ Astrosat
➢ Satellite Communication in ➢ Sunspot
India ➢ Magnetars
➢ Remote sensing applications ➢ Neutron stars
- IRS Systems
➢ Air-breathing propulsion
➢ INSAT Satellite Application system
➢ GSAT Satellite Application ➢ Space Junk
➢ Launch vehicle Technology ➢ Graveyard Orbit
➢ GSLV and Various Engine ➢ Supercluster of galaxies
➢ Recent National and known as “Saraswati”.
International Space Missions ➢ NASA: Asteroid impact and
➢ Cryogenic rockets deflection assessment
✓ Global Positioning System mission.

✓ Galileo ➢ Commercial use of Lithium-

✓ GLONASS Ion battery technology

✓ IRNSS ➢ Hyperspectral imaging

✓ GAGAN satellite

➢ Chandrayaan – I & II ➢ Water propulsion system in

CUBESAT
➢ Mars Orbiter Mission
➢ Saturn-cassini Mission
➢ Space Organisations
➢ OSIRIS-Rex passed by earth to
➢ Space race/Space junk
reach asteroid Bennu
❖ New Developments
➢ Hackathon # Open Gov Data
➢ South Asia Satellite:
Hacking Marathon
Significance
➢ Google Lunar X Prize
➢ Neutrino Observatory
Competition
➢ Solar Mission- ADITYA
➢ NASA-ISRO synthetic aperture
➢ Gravitational Waves
radar satellite (NISAR)
➢ Spitzer Space Telescope
➢ GSAT-17 heaviest
➢ Chandra X-Ray Observatory
communication satellite of
➢ Multi Application Solar
ISRO
Telescope

69
➢ Astrosat, Chandra and Hubble ➢ Rukmini
Jointly detect massive cosmic
IT and Communication
explosion

➢ Scientists create first global ❖ Different Regulatory Bodies in India

map of water on moon for ICT

➢ World’s largest aircraft “Strato ➢ Ministry of Communication

launch” and information Technology

➢ Mission on Mars ➢ Initiatives in 12th five year plan

➢ Solar mission Aditya L-1 in ➢ Major Policy Initiatives

2019 National Optical Fibre network

➢ Gravitational waves news ➢ Spectrum Management

➢ Radio galaxies ➢ Government initiatives

➢ Indigenously developed S- ➢ Cyber Law

Band Doppler weather radar ❖ Computer Terminology and

➢ Kelvin waves Fundamental

➢ ISRO made satellite based ➢ History of Computers

chip system ➢ Types of Computer

➢ TDRS-M NASA ➢ Component of Computer

➢ Neutrino Observatory system

➢ Indian Space Vision-2025 ➢ Computer Languages

➢ ‘NIRBHAY’ subsonic cruise ➢ Generation of computers

missile ➢ Computer Terminologies

➢ Brahmos ➢ Supercomputer and its

➢ INS Koltar applications

➢ INS Kiltan ➢ Display technologies

➢ NAG missile ➢ Cathode ray

➢ Hydrogen bomb ➢ LCD

➢ Vikram OPV ➢ LED

➢ Integrated Quarter Master ➢ Plasma Monitors

Package ➢ OLED

➢ INS Kalvari ❖ Mobile Generations and Technology

➢ Prithvi II ➢ Definition and Impact of ICT

➢ Air Independent Propulsion on Society

70
➢ Evolution of ➢ Bharat QR
Telecommunication ➢ Contemporary debates
➢ Media Transmission ➢ Net Neutrality
technology
➢ Internet of Things
➢ Wireless , Optical Fibers, VSAT
➢ Big Data Initiative and Privacy
SIM IMEI 3G 4 G VolTE Wi Max
➢ Cyber crime and security
➢ Mobile generations
➢ Spectrum Policy, BroadBand
(Smartphone and other
Policy
related concepts)
➢ Spectrum Policy in India
➢ Internet, Types of Network and
➢ Spectrum
e- Governance
➢ Mobile Spectrum
➢ Internet

➢ WWW ➢ Broadband Policy in India

➢ IP ➢ Cloud Computing

➢ URL ➢ Big Data

➢ HTTP ➢ Encryption

➢ Computer Security Tools: ➢ Biometrics

firewalls, hackers ➢ Virtual Reality

➢ Global Internet Governance ➢ Digital India

➢ Internet of things ➢ QR Codes

➢ Internet Protocol ➢ Recent Developments in IT &

➢ VPN Telecom

➢ Networking : Bluetooth , ➢ Quantum computing

WiFIHotSpot ➢ Project brainwave

➢ National E Governance Plan ➢ Sagar Vani System

➢ Recent Developments ➢ Locky Ransomware, Petya,

➢ Government initiatives WannaCry

➢ Digital India Initiative ➢ India’s first technology and

➢ MeghRaj innovation support center

➢ Code Free for India (TISC)

➢ E-Kranti ➢ Net neutrality

➢ Bharat Net project ➢ National cyber coordination

center

71
 ➢ Hortinet ➢ Robotics in India

➢ Digital Transaction ➢ Machine vs Computer vs

Methodologies Robots

➢ Block chain Technology ➢ Parts of a Robots

➢ Bitcoins ❖ Classification of Robots

➢ Cyber Swachhta Kendra ➢ Rolling Robots

➢ Digital Transaction ➢ Walking Robots

Methodologies ➢ Autonomous Robots

➢ Bharat Net Project ➢ Artificial Intelligence

➢ Wi-Fi Technology ➢ Advantages and

Disadvantages of Robot
➢ Digital Terrestrial Television
❖ Applications of Robotics
Transmission System
➢ Industrial Sector
➢ Internet of Things
➢ Aerospace
Materials, Nanotechnology and ➢ Healthcare Delivery
Robotics
➢ Outer Space

❖ Superconductivity Laser, Artificial ➢ Exploration

Intelligence ➢ Military Robots
➢ History Classification and ➢ Disaster Areas
Properties of Superconductors ➢ Entertainment
➢ Application of ➢ Agriculture
Superconductors
➢ Domestic work
➢ Types and Applications of
❖ Nanotechnology
LASERS
➢ What is Nanoscience and
➢ Artificial Intelligence and
Nanotechnology?
Application
➢ Origination of Nanoscience
➢ Advantages and
and Technology
Disadvantages of Artificial
➢ Basics of Nanoscience
Intelligence
➢ Nanomaterials
❖ Robotics
➢ Applications of
➢ What is Robotics?
nanotechnology
➢ Robotics Terminologies
➢ Nano medicine
➢ Laws of Robotics

72
 ➢ Semiconductors and ➢ Shaurya Missile
computing ➢ ASTRA Missile
➢ Food ➢ Dhanush
➢ Textiles ➢ Prahaar
➢ Sustainable energy ➢ Brahmos Missile System
➢ Environment ➢ Anti-Ballistic Missile System
➢ Transport ➢ Frigates Destroyers and
➢ Space Aircraft Carriers

➢ Carbon Nanotube ➢ AWACS

➢ Graphene ➢ Light Combat Aircraft

➢ Quantum Dots ➢ Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

➢ Nanobots ➢ Stealth technology

➢ Agriculture ➢ Chemical Weapon

➢ Adverse Health and ➢ Biological Weapon

Environmental Impacts of ➢ Submarines
Nanotechnology ➢ Indian Submarines and Naval
➢ Social and Ethical Impacts Ships
➢ Nano-science and Nano- ➢ Commissioned Submarines
technology in India ➢ Project 75

Defence ➢ INS Astradharini

❖ Defence Technology Nuclear Technology

➢ Organizations ❖ Nuclear Energy and Nuclear Fuels

➢ Missile system and ➢ Types of nuclear reactions
classification (based on (Fusion and Fission)
launch vehicle, Range and ➢ Nuclear Fuel – Stage 1, Stage 2
propulsion system) and Stage 3

➢ Ballistic vs Cruise Missile ❖ Nuclear Programme in India

➢ N-Power Policy of India
➢ IGMDP Integrated Guided
➢ Advantages of Nuclear Energy
Missile Development
➢ Risks with Nuclear Energy
Programme
➢ Institutions involved in Nuclear
➢ Prithvi,Trishul, Nag, Akash, Agni
energy Development, AERB
missiles

73
 ➢ Safety standards in Nuclear ➢ DNA sequencing
Power plants ➢ Nucleic acid probes
➢ Nuclear Reactors in India
➢ Genomics and proteomics
➢ Kudankulam Project
➢ Bioprocess/fermentation
➢ Jaitapur Plant
technology
❖ Organisations /Institutions
❖ Biological fuel generation
➢ Department of Atomic Energy
➢ Global warming and the
➢ BARC
significance of fossils fuels
❖ Radioactivity
➢ Radiation and Radioactivity ➢ Biofuels from biomass

➢ Radiation Technologies and ➢ Bioethanol from biomass

Applications ➢ Biodiesel
➢ Radioactive Waste and ➢ Methane
Nuclear Waste Management
➢ Hydrogen
➢ Nuclear & Radiological
❖ Environmental Biotechnology
Disasters
➢ Microbial Ecology
IPR and Related Issues Environmental Biotechnology

❖ Intellectual Property Rights ➢ Waste water and sewage

(Meaning and Types) treatment

➢ Copyrights ➢ Landfilling technologies

➢ Trademarks ➢ Composting

➢ Patents ➢ Bioremediation

➢ Industrial Design ➢ Detect and monitoring of

➢ Trades Secrets pollutants

❖ IPR and Agriculture ➢ Microbes and the geological

environment
Biotechnology
❖ Plant and Forest biotechnology

❖ Biotechnology in India ➢ Plant biotechnology

➢ Department of BT ➢ Forest biotechnology

➢ Various Fields of BT ❖ Animal and Insect biotechnology

➢ R&D ➢ Genetic manipulation and

❖ Genetics and Biotechnology transgenic animals

➢ Industrial genetics ➢ Genetically engineered

➢ Genetic engineering hormone and vaccines

74
 ➢ Animal organs for human ➢ Patent protection Trade
patients secrets

➢ Genetically modified insects ➢ Plant breeders’ rights

❖ Food and Beverage Biotechnology ❖ Development in Biotechnology

➢ Food and beverage ➢ Achievements of

fermentations Biotechnology indifferent

➢ Microorganisms as food, fields

Enzymes and food processing ➢ Genome sequencing of Ragi

➢ Amino acids, vitamins and done for the first time in the

sweeteners world

➢ Organic acids and ➢ GM mustard policy

polysaccharides ➢ DNA as storage device

➢ Public acceptance and safety ➢ Biomarker

of new biotechnology foods ➢ Algae based footwear
❖ Biotechnology and medicine ➢ Artificial Womb
➢ Pharmaceuticals and ➢ GM Mosquito
biopharmaceuticals ➢ DBT launched “Sohum” an
➢ Antibiotics innovative newborn hearing
➢ Vaccines and monoclonal screening device
antibodies ➢ Biotech-KISAN scheme
➢ Biopharmaceuticals/ ➢ India’s first biomass to
therapeutic proteins ethanol plant & its
➢ Pharmacogenetics commercialization

➢ Molecular biology and human ➢ Digital Biopiracy

disease ➢ Genetically Modified Mosquito
➢ Diagnostics in developing ➢ Designer Babies’ or Three
countries Parents Babies
➢ Gene therapy ➢ National Biotechnology
➢ Systems biology and Development Strategy 2015-
medicine 2020

➢ Stem cell biotechnology

Biology
❖ Protection of biotechnological
❖ Origin of Life and Cells
inventions
➢ Cell Structure

75
 ➢ Membranes ➢ Hypothalamus

➢ Cell-Cell Interactions ➢ Pineal body (epiphysis)

➢ Energy and Metabolism ➢ Pituitary gland (hypophysis)

➢ Respiration ➢ Thyroid

➢ Cell Division ➢ Adrenal glands

➢ Sexual Reproduction ➢ Reproductive glands

❖ Genetics ❖ Respiratory System

➢ Inheritance ➢ External and Internal

Respiration
➢ DNA, The Genetic Material
➢ Respiratory system in Plants
➢ Gene Expression
➢ Respiratory System in Insects
➢ Gene Regulation
➢ Respiratory System in
➢ Mutation
Humans and Animals
➢ Recombinant DNA Technology
❖ The Transport System in Organisms
❖ Classification of Living Things
➢ Transport system in a Cell
➢ Classification and Domains of
➢ Transport System in Plants
Life
➢ Transport System in Animals
➢ General Biology/Classification
➢ Blood Vascular System
of Living Things/Viruses
➢ The Lymphatic System
➢ Prokaryotes
❖ Skeletal and Muscular Systems
➢ Eukaryotes
➢ Bone and Skeleton System
✓ Protista
(Osteology)
✓ Plants
➢ Ligaments (Syndesmology)
✓ Fungi
➢ Muscular System (Myology)
✓ Animals
➢ Vertebrates
❖ Evolution of Life
❖ Reproductive System
➢ Evolution of Life
➢ Asexual Reproduction in
➢ Animal Evolution
Plants
➢ Human Evolution
➢ Asexual Reproduction in
❖ Tissues
Animals
➢ Epithelial tissue
➢ Sexual Reproduction in Plants
➢ Connective tissue
➢ Sexual Reproduction in
➢ Muscle tissue
Animals
❖ Endocrine System

76
 ➢ Sexual Reproduction in ❖ Waves
Humans ❖ Light
❖ Excretory System ❖ Electromagnetic Spectrum
➢ Excretory products ❖ Ray optics
➢ Excretion in plants ❖ Reflection
➢ Excretion in Animals ❖ Refraction
➢ Osmoregulation, ADH and ❖ Dispersion
formation of Urine in Animals ❖ Scattering of light
➢ Physiological and Behavioral ❖ Rayleigh scattering
Adjustments
❖ Raman Scattering
❖ Nutrition
❖ Total Internal reflection
➢ Classification by Source of
❖ Optical Illusions
Energy and Carbon
❖ Mirage
➢ Plant Nutrition
❖ Looming
➢ Animal Nutrition
❖ Rainbow
➢ Human Diet
❖ Twinkling of stars
➢ The Digestive System
❖ Plane Mirror
➢ Photosynthesis
❖ Periscope
❖ Diseases
❖ Spherical mirror
➢ Tuberculosis
❖ Concave mirror and Applications
➢ Non-Communicable diseases
❖ Convex mirror and Applications
❖ Economic Zoology
❖ Concave lens and Applications
➢ Beneficial animals: Corals -
❖ Convex lens and Applications
Earthworm - Vermiculture
❖ Defects of vision
➢ Beneficial insects - Prawns -
❖ Myopia (nearsightedness)
Lobsters - Crabs - Pearl
❖ Correction - concave lens
oysters - Fishes - Guano -
❖ Hypermetropia (farsightedness)
Aquarium - Vivarium.
➢ Correction - convex lens.
➢ Harmful animals: Disease
causing organisms - Vectors ➢ Astigmatism

- Poisonous organisms - ➢ Cataract and Correction

Fouling organisms - Pests. ➢ Ohm's law

Physics

77
 Type of material ❖ Applications of surface tension

❖ Capliatrity
❖ conductor
❖ Archimedes principle
❖ Insulators
❖ Chemistry
❖ Semiconductor
❖ Matter
❖ Superconductor
❖ Plasma
❖ Series and parallel connection
❖ Atom
❖ Fuse
❖ Quarks and their Types
Effects of current ❖ Up Quark: + 2/3 charge

❖ Chemical effect of current ❖ Down Quark: - 1/3 charge

❖ Electrolytic Isotopes
❖ Non-electrolytic
Nuclear physics
❖ Ions(charged particles)
❖ Nuclear fusion
❖ Electroplating
❖ Nuclear fission
❖ Galvanization
❖ Radioactivity
❖ Chrome plating
❖ Alpha decay
❖ Various devices
❖ Beta-decay
❖ Dynamo
❖ Gamma decay
❖ Motor
❖ Neutrinos
❖ Inverters
❖ Half-life
❖ Alternating current(ac)

❖ Direct current(dc) Cosmic Physics

❖ Magnetic effect of current
❖ Gravitation
❖ Electromagnetic induction
❖ Escape Velocity
❖ Application of EMI
❖ Galaxy
❖ Wireless charging
❖ Stars
❖ Eddy current
❖ Planet
❖ Latent heat
❖ Asteroids
❖ Abnormal behavior of water
❖ Satellite
❖ Surface tension
❖ Comet
❖ Cohesive force
❖ Meteoroids
❖ Adhesive force
❖ Meteoroids

78
❖ Meteors ❖ Acids and Bases

❖ Meteorites ❖ Carbon

❖ Life Cycle Of Star ❖ Allotropes: Some chemical

❖ Small Star elements are known to exist in two or

❖ Big Star more different forms because of

Rusting
❖ Chandrasekhar Limit
❖ Hydrocarbon
❖ White Dwarf
❖ Phosphorous
❖ Neutron Star
➢ Black-P (good conductor)
❖ Supernova Explosion
➢ White -P (used in matchstick)
❖ Black Hole
➢ Red -P (used in matchstick)
❖ Kuiper Belt
❖ Graphite
❖ Heliosphere & Hydrogen Wall
❖ Ozone
❖ Interstellar
❖ Halogen Family
❖ Goldilocks Zone
➢ Fluorine
❖ Force Carriers
➢ Chlorine
❖ Strong
➢ Bromine
❖ Weak
➢ Iodine
❖ Electromagnetic
❖ The Noble Gases
❖ Gravitation
➢ Helium
❖ Antimatter
➢ Neon
❖ Dark Matter
➢ Argon
❖ Evidence Of Dark Matter-
➢ Krypton
❖ The States Of Matter
➢ Xenon
❖ Higgs-Boson Theory
❖ Rare Earth Elements and
❖ Theory of General Relativity
Applications
❖ Gravitational Lensing
❖ Elements used in firecrackers
❖ Expansion of Universe
❖ PH Scale
❖ Evidence of Dark Energy
❖ Organic Acid
Chemistry
❖ Formic acid
❖ Periodic Table ❖ Acetic acid
❖ Atomic Structure ❖ Inorganic Acid
❖ Metal and Non Metals ❖ Base

79
❖ Baking agents ❖ Soaps and Detergents: chemistry of

❖ Salt Surfactants

❖ Viscosity ❖ Important Terms

❖ Semi-Permeable membrane(SPM) ➢ Phosphorescence

❖ Osmosis ➢ Fluorescence

❖ Gasohol ➢ Luminescence

❖ Chemical Explosives ➢ Bioluminescence

❖ Octane number ➢ Efflorescence

❖ Cetane Number

❖ Natural Gas

❖❖❖

80
 6 ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY

BASIC CONCEPTS OF ECOLOGY

❖ Types of Ecology ❖ Functions and Properties of

❖ Ecological Hierarchy Ecosystem

❖ Scope of Ecology ❖ The Structure/Components of

❖ Habitat & Ecological Niche Ecosystem

➢ Abiotic Components
❖ Deep vs Shallow Ecology
➢ Biotic Components
❖ Ecological Principles
❖ Ecosystem Dynamics
❖ Ecological Community
❖ Flow of Energy in Ecosystem
❖ Structure and Characteristics of a
❖ Trophic Levels
Community
❖ Food Chain
❖ Stratification
➢ Types & Significance of Food
❖ Ecotone
Chain
❖ Ecological Dominance
❖ Food Web
❖ Seasonal and Diurnal Fluctuation
❖ Models for Energy Flow
❖ Periodicity
❖ Ecological Productivity
❖ Turnover
❖ Ecological Pyramid
❖ Interdependence
❖ Biomagnifications
❖ Ecological Succession
❖ Biological Control
➢ Types and Process of
❖ Population Ecology
Succession
➢ Types of species
➢ Climax Community
➢ Population Growth Models
❖ Range of Tolerance, Maximum
➢ Tiger Census and Lion Census
Range
❖ Adaptation of Species and
❖ Difference between Ecology,
Interactions
Environment and Ecosystem
➢ Adaptation: Examples of
Ecosystem adaptation in plants and

❖ Ecosystem Definitions Animals

81
 ➢ Homeostasis ❖ Freshwater ecosystem: Lake

➢ Interaction between Species (Lentic) Ecosystem

➢ Ecotone ❖ Marine Ecosystem

➢ Endemic Species ➢ Marine Organisms

➢ Keystone Species ➢ Plankton

➢ Indicator Species ➢ Phytoplankton

➢ Invasive Species ➢ Factors Affecting

➢ Allopatric and Sympatric Phytoplankton Biodiversity

Speciation ➢ Importance of phytoplankton

➢ Zooplankton
Terrestrial Ecosystems
➢ Sea-grass
❖ Forest Ecosystem in India ➢ Seaweeds
➢ Tropical Evergreen and Semi ➢ Eutrophication
Evergreen Forests,
➢ Algal Bloom
➢ Tropical Deciduous Forests
❖ Estuaries
➢ Dry deciduous Forest
➢ What are estuaries?
➢ Tropical Thorn Forests
➢ Types of Estuaries
➢ Montane Forests
➢ Importance of estuaries
➢ Littoral and Swamp Forests
➢ Threats to estuaries
❖ Grasslands (Savanna and Steppe)
➢ Major Estuaries in Indian
❖ Tundra coastal states
❖ Deserts ➢ Monitoring and Prediction of
❖ Mountains Health of Estuarine and
Coastal Waters
Aquatic Ecosystem
➢ Difference between Lagoon
❖ Factors affecting the productivity of and Estuary
aquatic ecosystems
➢ Estuary ecosystem:
➢ Sunlight Adaptations made in
➢ Photic Zone organisms
➢ Aphotic Zone ➢ Conservation of Estuaries
➢ Temperature and Oxygen ❖ Mangroves
Concentration ➢ What are mangroves?
➢ Turbidity and Transparency ➢ Mangroves in India

82
 ➢ Importance of Mangroves ➢ Types of Biogeochemical

➢ Mangroves under threats Cycle

➢ Legal and Regulatory ❖ Carbon Cycle

Approaches for Protection ➢ Steps in the carbon cycle

➢ Community based mangrove ➢ Carbon cycle: Long term and

regeneration Short term

❖ Coral Reef ➢ Carbon as Climate Buffer

➢ About coral reefs ➢ Human Impact on the Carbon

➢ What do corals feed on? Cycle

➢ Geographical Conditions ➢ Effects of high concentration

➢ Types Of Coral Reefs of Greenhouse Gases

➢ Uses of coral reefs ❖ Hydrological Cycle

➢ Concept of Bio rock reefs ➢ Different Steps of the

Hydrologic Cycle
➢ Threats to Coral reefs
➢ Storage
➢ Conservation of coral reef
❖ Nitrogen Cycle
❖ Wetlands
➢ Human Impact on the
➢ What are wetlands?
Nitrogen Cycle
➢ Types of wetlands
❖ Oxygen Cycle
➢ Wetlands in India
❖ Sulfur Cycle
➢ Importance of wetlands
➢ Human Impact on the Sulphur
➢ Threats to wetland
Cycle
ecosystems
❖ Phosphorus Cycle
➢ Conservation of Wetlands
➢ Human Influence on
➢ About Ramsar Convention ‘
Phosphorus Cycle
➢ About Asian Water bird
Census Biodiversity
➢ Human Modified Ecosystems ❖ Basics of Biodiversity

❖ Types of Biodiversity
Nutrient Cycling
❖ Patterns of Biodiversity
❖ Concept of Biogeochemical Cycle
❖ Biogeographical classification of
➢ Parts of a Biogeochemical
World
Cycle
❖ Bio-geographical classification of
India

83
❖ Functions of biodiversity ❖ Advantages of ex-situ preservation

❖ Hotspots of biodiversity ❖ Disadvantages of Ex-situ

❖ Bioinformatics conservation

❖ Eco Regions ❖ Zoological Parks

❖ Role of Traditional Knowledge in ❖ Botanical Gardens

Biodiversity ❖ Seed banks

❖ Biopiracy ❖ National Parks

❖ Animal and Plant Diversity ❖ Wildlife Sanctuaries

❖ Plant and Animal Kingdom ❖ Important Coastal and marine

❖ Marine Mammals Biodiversity Areas

❖ Egg laying Mammals ❖ Biomes of India

❖ Biogeography
❖ Marsupials
❖ Plant Diversity of India
❖ Threats to biodiversity
❖ Insectivorous Plants
❖ Causes of Biodiversity losses
❖ Wildlife Diversity of India
❖ Effects of Loss of Biodiversity
➢ Himalayan Foothills
❖ Extinction of species
➢ Western Himalayas (High
❖ Mass Extinction
altitude region)
❖ IUCN Red List and Classification
➢ Eastern Himalayas
Scheme
➢ Peninsula India
❖ Biodiversity Conservation
➢ Indian Desert
❖ Scheduled Animals in the Wildlife
➢ Tropical Rain Forest Region
Protection Act
➢ Mangrove Swamps of
❖ In-situ methods of Conservation
Sundarbans
❖ Protected Area Categories
❖ Important Animals in India
❖ Forms of Protected Areas ❖ Bird’s Migration
❖ Biosphere reserves ❖ Wildlife Protection Act (WPA) (1972)
❖ Sacred forests and sacred lakes ❖ International Union for
❖ World Heritage sites Conservation of Nature (IUCN)

❖ Geo-heritage sites ❖ Conservation Priorities

❖ Advantages of In-situ conservation

Species-Related Terminologies
❖ Disadvantages of In-situ
conservation ❖ Flagship Species
❖ Keystone Species
❖ Ex-situ methods of Conservation

84
❖ Priority Species ❖ India Adopted South Asia Wildlife
❖ Indicator Species Enforcement Network (SAWEN)

❖ Foundation Species ❖ Global initiative

➢ State of Protected Areas in the
❖ Charismatic Species
World
❖ Umbrella Species
➢ MAB – Man and Biosphere
❖ Invasive/Alien Species
Programme

Species based conservation ➢ World network of Biosphere

programs Reserves
➢ Biodiversity Hotspots
❖ Project Tiger and Tiger Census 2018
➢ CBD – Convention of
➢ Petersburg Tiger Summit 2010 Biological Diversity
(TX2) ➢ Cartagena Protocol
➢ Conservation Assured (CA) | ➢ Nagoya Protocol
Tiger Standards (TS) Asia ➢ Aichi Biodiversity Diversity
❖ Project Elephant and Elephant
Resources and Related Aspects
Census

➢ Elephant Corridors. ❖ Land Resource

➢ Causes of land degradation
❖ Project Snow Leopard
➢ Impact of land degradation
➢ Project Secure Himalaya
➢ Desertification
❖ Vulture Conservation
➢ Sustainable Land
➢ Action Plan for Vulture
Management
Conservation (2020 -2025)
❖ Forest Resource
❖ Crocodile conservation project ➢ Definition of forests by FSI
❖ Ganges dolphin project ➢ Types of Forest Cover
❖ Indian (One Horn) Rhino Vision ➢ Forest Survey of India (FSI
(IRV) 2020 report 2017)

➢ New Delhi Declaration on ➢ Types of Forests In India

Asian Rhinos 2019 ➢ Deforestation

➢ Causes of Deforestation
❖ Other projects
➢ Consequences of
➢ Project Sea Turtle
Deforestation on the Wildlife
➢ Project Crocodile
of India
➢ Project Hangul (Kashmir Stag) ➢ Strategies for Reducing
➢ Dolphin Conservation Deforestation

85
 ➢ Government Programmes for ➢ Ocean Thermal Energy
Conservation of Forests Conversion
❖ Soil Resource ➢ Tidal Energy
➢ Soil Characteristics and Soil ➢ Wave energy
formation process ➢ Fuel Cell
➢ Factors Responsible for Soil ➢ Microbial fuel cell
Formation ➢ Biofuels
➢ Soil Forming Processes
➢ Biogas
➢ Soil Profiles and Horizons
➢ Geothermal Energy
➢ Type of Soils
➢ Solar Energy
➢ Soils in India
➢ New Energy Resources
➢ Soils in World
➢ Renewable Energy and
➢ Soil Erosion
Development
➢ Problems due to excessive
➢ Petroleum Conservation
irrigation
Research Association
➢ Soil Conservation
➢ Atomic Energy Bill
➢ Soil health card scheme
➢ Civil Liability for Nuclear
➢ Organic Farming
Damage Bill
❖ Water Pollution
➢ National Electric Mobility
➢ Surface Water Resource
Mission Plan
➢ Groundwater Resources
➢ National Policy on Biofuels
➢ Sources of Water Pollution
➢ Three Stage Nuclear Power
➢ Measurement of Water
Programme
pollution
➢ Solar Renewable purchase
➢ Causes of Water Pollution
Obligation
➢ Harmful effects of water
➢ Petroleum Planning & Analysis
pollution
Cell
➢ Other terms associated with
➢ New Energy Policy
water pollution
➢ Energy Organisation
✓ Algal Bloom
✓ Eutrophication Pollution
✓ Arsenic contamination of ❖ Basics of Pollution
water
➢ Sources of pollution
✓ Mercury Pollution
➢ Effect of Modern Agriculture
✓ Oxygen Stratification
on Environment
❖ Energy Resources

86
 ➢ Effect of Housing on ❖ Air Pollution
Environment ➢ Causes of air pollution
➢ Effect of Power Generation on ➢ Harmful Effects of air pollution
Environment
➢ Top-ten gasses in air pollution
➢ Effect of River Valley Projects
➢ Control of Air Pollution
(Water Resource Projects) on
➢ Concepts related to Air
Environment
pollution
➢ Effect of Mining on
➢ Acid rain
Environment
➢ Respirable Suspended
➢ Effect of Transportation
Activities on Environment Particulate Matter (RSPM)

➢ Effect of Tourism on ➢ Fly Ash

Environment ➢ Bharat stage Norm

➢ Classification of pollutants ➢ National Air Quality Index
➢ Pollution Indicator species ➢ Comprehensive
❖ Water Pollution Environmental Pollution Index

➢ Comparing Dissolved Oxygen, ➢ Lead

BOD and COD ➢ Metallic Oxides
➢ Major Industrial/sector and ➢ Nanoparticles (NPs)
Water Pollutants ➢ Soot and Dust and its impact
➢ Effects of Water Pollution on ➢ Fog
Aquatic Ecosystem and ➢ Smog
Human Health
➢ Sulphurous Smog (London
➢ Governmental Efforts for Smog)
addressing Water Pollution
➢ Photochemical Smog
❖ Mining and Pollution
➢ Black and Brown Carbon
➢ Mining and Environment
➢ Acid Rain
➢ Sensitivity of Select
➢ Fly Ash
Ecosystems to Mining
➢ Other Important Pollutants
➢ Impact of Mining
❖ Occupational Health Hazards
➢ Indirect Impact of Mining
➢ Black Lung Disease
➢ International Laws on Mining
➢ Silicosis
➢ Main Act or Statute to
➢ Pneumoconiosis
regulate the impact of Mining
➢ Byssinosis
related Pollution
➢ Asbestosis
➢ Sustainable Mining

87
❖ Air Pollution in India
➢ The Air (Prevention & Control
of Pollution) Act 1981
➢ National Air Quality Index
(NAQI) and National Ambient
Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)
➢ Air Quality Early Warning
System (AQEWS) and Graded
Response Action Plan (GRAP)
➢ Continuous Ambient Air
Quality Monitoring System
(CAAQMS)
➢ Low-Emission (Green)
Crackers
➢ Air Pollution in Delhi
➢ National Clean Air
Programme (NCAP)
➢ Ozone Pollution
➢ Ozone Depletion
➢ International Efforts to
Mitigate Ozone Depletion
➢ Vienna Convention for the
Protection of The Ozone Layer
and
➢ Montreal Protocol
➢ Kigali Amendment to
Montreal Protocol 2016
➢ Gothenburg Protocol, 1999
❖ Marine Pollution
➢ Sources of marine pollution
➢ Effects of marine pollution
➢ Concept of dead zone
➢ Concept of Ocean
acidification
➢ Oil spill
➢ Trash and Other Debris in
ocean
88
➢ Microplastics and its impact
➢ Coastal Regulation Zone
Notification, 2011
❖ Noise Pollution
➢ Causes of Noise pollution
➢ Noise Levels
➢ Effects of Noise Pollution on
human health
➢ Corrective actions
❖ Biological Pollution
➢ Sources of biological pollution
➢ Harmful effects from
biological contaminants
➢ Corrective actions
❖ Radioactive Pollution
➢ Sources of Radioactive
Pollution
➢ Harmful effects of Radioactive
Pollution
➢ Corrective actions
❖ Thermal Pollution
➢ Causes of Thermal Pollution
➢ Effect of Thermal Pollution
➢ Control of Thermal Pollution
Waste Management
❖ Solid waste management
➢ Types of Solid Waste
➢ What is solid waste
management?
➢ Issues in solid waste
management in India
➢ Waste Management Practices
 ➢ Technologies for the boundary Movement) Rules,
Generation of Energy from 2016
Waste ➢ Hazardous waste treatment

➢ Policy on Promotion of City ❖ Treatments/ Methods in Waste

Management
Compost
➢ Methods for sewage
➢ Salient features of SWM Rules,
treatment
2016
➢ Treatments Methods for
❖ E-Waste Management waste management
➢ Pollutants and their health
Climate Change
impacts
❖ Climate Change Basics
➢ E-waste status in India
❖ What is Global warming?
➢ Importance of the E-waste
❖ Factors Affecting Climate Change
management
➢ Extra-Terrestrial Sources of
➢ Steps taken for combating
Climate Change
mounting E-Waste ➢ Terrestrial Sources of Climate
➢ E-waste (Management & Change
Handling) Rules, 2016 ➢ Anthropogenic sources of
❖ International Conventions Climate Change

regarding Waste Disposal ❖ Urbanization and climate change

➢ Pollution in metros and
➢ Stockholm Convention on
climate change
Persistent Organic Pollutants
➢ Real estate boom and
➢ Basel Convention
environment degradation
➢ Rotterdam Convention ➢ Urban Heat Island
❖ Plastics Pollution ➢ Polythene bags and pollution
➢ Effects of Plastic Waste
➢ Methane generation from
➢ The Global Tourism Plastics
waste
Initiative
❖ Impact of agriculture on climate
❖ Biomedical Waste Management
➢ Hazards associated with ➢ Agriculture increases Carbon

waste management Dioxide Emissions

➢ Bio-Medical Waste ➢ Monoculture practice impacts
Management Rules, 2016 biodiversity
➢ Hazardous waste and its ➢ Pollution due to use of
Characteristics
chemical fertilizers
➢ Hazardous and Other Wastes
➢ Soil-related effects
(Management & Trans-

89
 ➢ Fertilizers Effect on the ❖ Strategies to Address Climate
Environment Change
➢ Impact of livestock on ➢ Carbon Sequestration
environment ➢ Carbon Sink
➢ Impact of use of Pesticides on ➢ Carbon Credit
environment
➢ Carbon Tax
➢ Impact of GM crop on
➢ Clean Coal Use
environment
➢ Carbon Sequestration
➢ Emission of Methane from
➢ Carbon Sinks
agricultural practices
➢ The Blue Carbon Initiative
➢ Sustainable Agriculture
➢ Carbon Offsetting
Techniques
➢ Geo - Engineering
❖ What is the greenhouse effect?
➢ Biofuels
➢ Non Greenhouse Gases and
Aerosols ➢ Biomass

➢ Radiative forcing and global ➢ Green Economy

warming
Environmental Administration
➢ Ecological footprint
❖ Acts and Policies
➢ Carbon footprint
➢ Constitutional Provisions
➢ Global Warming Potential
related to environment
(GWP)
➢ Wildlife Protection Act 1972
❖ Impacts of the Climate Change
➢ Environmental Protection Act
➢ Acid Rain
➢ National Forest Policy
➢ El Nino
➢ Biological Diversity Act 2002
➢ La Nina
➢ Ozone Depletion ➢ Schedule Tribes and Other
Forest
➢ Ocean Acidification
➢ Dwellers Act 2006
❖ Global Warming & Health
➢ Coastal Regulation Zone
➢ Health impacts of global
warming ➢ Wetland Rules 2010

➢ Mosquito-borne diseases ➢ National Green Tribunal

➢ Ozone depletion and human ➢ Ozone Depleting Substance

health Rules

90
❖ Environment Impact Assessment
(EIA)
➢ What is EIA?
➢ Brief History of EIA in India
➢ EIA Process in India
➢ The 8 steps of the EIA process
➢ Environmental Appraisal
Process
➢ Drawback in EIA Process
➢ Recommendations for
Improvement
➢ Environment Management
➢ EIA in India – Sectoral Analysis
(Mining, Agricultural and
Industrial Sectors)
❖ International Environmental
Governance
➢ UNEP
➢ UNDP
➢ Centre for Biological Diversity
➢ WWF for Nature
➢ IUCN - Red List
➢ Birdlife International
➢ International Conventions /
Protocols & their Objectives
➢ Sustainable Development
Goals
➢ Various Indices relate to
Environment
➢ Climate Change Governance
➢ United Nations Conference on
the Human Environment
(Stockholm Conference)
91
➢ Montreal Protocol and Kigali
Agreement
➢ The Earth Summit: United
Nations Conference on
Environment and
Development (UNCED), Rio de
Janeiro, 1992
➢ Commission on Sustainable
Development (CSD)
➢ United Nations Convention to
Combat Desertification
(UNCCD)
➢ United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate
Change (UNFCCC): 1992
➢ Global Climate Finance
Architecture
➢ Global Environment Facility
(GEF)
➢ REDD+
➢ Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change (IPCC)
➢ National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories Programme
(NGGIP)
➢ The Economics of Ecosystems
and Biodiversity (TEEB)
➢ Global Climate Finance
Architecture
➢ Special Climate Change Fund
(SCCF)
➢ Least Developed Countries
Fund (LDCF)
 ➢ Climate Investment Fund
(World Bank as Trustee)
➢ Green Climate Fund (GCF)
➢ Adaptation Fund (AF)
➢ Biocarbon Fund
➢ EU Initiatives
➢ Clean Technology Fund
➢ World Meteorological
Organization (WMO)
➢ United Nations Programmes
and Assemblies
➢ United Nations Environment
Programme (UNEP)
➢ Forest Carbon Partnership
Facility
➢ Climate and Clean Air
Coalition (CCAC)
➢ Arctic Council
❖ India and Climate Change
➢ India’s Position with regards to
policy on Climate Change
➢ Observed Climate and
Weather Changes in India
➢ Indian Climate Change
Assessment
➢ Indian Policy Structure
Relevant to GHG Emissions
➢ Actions for Adaptation &
Mitigation
➢ National Action Plan for
Climate Change (NAPCC)
➢ National Solar Mission
➢ National Mission for Enhanced
Energy Efficiency (NMEEE)
92
➢ National Mission on
Sustainable Habitat
➢ National Water Mission
➢ National Mission for
Sustaining Himalayan
Ecosystems
➢ National Mission for a Green
India
➢ National Mission on
Sustainable Agriculture
➢ National Mission on Strategic
Knowledge for Climate
Change
➢ National Bioenergy Mission
➢ National Communication
(NATCOM)
➢ National Action Programme to
Combat Desertification
➢ Green Buildings
➢ Net Zero Energy Buildings
(NZEB)
➢ Standard and Labeling
Programme (BEE Star Label)
➢ Energy Conservation Building
Code (ECBC)
➢ Green Rating for Integrated
Habitat Assessment (GRIHA)
➢ National Initiative on Climate
Resilient Agriculture (NICRA)
➢ BSE - GREENEX
➢ FAME - India Programme
➢ Long Term Ecological
Observatories (LTEO)
 ➢ National Adaptation Fund for
Climate Change (NAFCC)
➢ National Policy on Biofuels,
2018
❖ Environment related Institutions in
India
➢ Pollution Control Boards
➢ National Green Tribunal
➢ National Board for Wildlife
(NBWL)
➢ Animal Welfare Board
➢ Central Zoo Authority (CZA)
➢ National Biodiversity Authority
➢ Central Water Commission
➢ Animal Welfare Board of India
(AWBI)
➢ Zoological Survey of India
(ZSI)
➢ Forest Survey of India (FSI)
➢ India State of Forest Report
(2021)
➢ Botanical Survey of India (BSI)
➢ Wildlife Crime Control Bureau
(WCCB)
➢ National Biodiversity Authority
(NBA)
➢ National Ganga River Basin
Authority
➢ National Tiger Conservation
Authority (NTCA)
➢ Bombay Natural History
Society
93
❖ Schemes in India regarding
Environmental
➢ National Wildlife Action Plan
➢ CAMPA
➢ Joint Forest Management
➢ Social Forestry
➢ National Bamboo Mission
➢ National Action Plan on
Climate Change
➢ National Solar Mission
➢ Ganga Rejuvenation Plan
➢ Benefits of River Ganga (Facts
about Ganga River Pollution
and its impacts)
➢ Eco mark Scheme
➢ Swachh Bharat Mission
➢ Swachh Bharat Kosh
➢ Grants in Aid Scheme
➢ National Afforestation
Program
➢ National River Conservation
Plan
➢ National Mission for Clean
Ganga
➢ National Air Quality Index
(AQI)
➢ National Action Programme to
Combat Desertification
➢ Pradhan Mantri Sauchalay
Yojana
➢ UJALA Scheme
➢ Bharat Stage Norms
 ➢ Corporate Social ❖ Ramsar Wetland Sites
Responsibility and ❖ Natural World Heritage Sites
Environment Protection ❖ List of Sacred Groves

Relevant Data Lists ❖ Mangrove Sites in India

❖ Pollution
❖ National Parks
➢ Key activities and Likely
❖ Tiger Reserves of India
Associated Air Pollutants
❖ Elephant Reserves in India
➢ Respiratory Irritants and Toxic
❖ Mike Sites in India
Chemicals
❖ Biosphere Reserves

❖ Biosphere Reserves in UNESCO’s

Map List

❖❖❖

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