Subject Code BIC 10103 Item No.

Tutorial 03

FSKTM
Subject Discrete Structure Date 01/10/2023

Objective : To enhance the skill of Induction.

NAME : …………………………………………………….
MATRIC NO.: …………………………………………………….

Example: Prove the following formula by induction:

n ( n+ 1 )
1+2+3+ ⋯ +n=
2

Solution:

1 ( 1+1 )
1=
Step 1: Ifn=1 , ∴ P 1 is true since 2

Step 2: If Pk is true, then

k ( k +1 )
Pk :1+2+3+ ⋯ + k=
2
k ( k +1 )
Pk +1 :1+2+3+ ⋯ +k + [ ( k +1 ) ] = + [ ( k +1 ) ]
2
k ( k +1 ) +2 ( k +1 )
=
2
2 2
k +k + 2 k+ 2 k +3 k +2
= =
2 2
( k +1 ) ( k +2 )
=
2
∴ P n is true for all natural numbers n .
Question 1: Replacing k with k +1 in an algebraic expression

Replace k with k +1 in the following:

k
a) 3 −1
k +1
b) 4 −2
2
c) k +2 k
k
d) ( k +1 )
2
e) ( k + 2k )

Question 2: Basic of induction steps

Let P(n) be the statement that 12 + 22 + ··· + n2 = n(n + 1)(2n + 1)/6 for the positive
integer n.

a) What is the statement P(1)?

b) Show that P(1) is true, completing the basis step of the proof.
c) What do you need to prove in the inductive step?
P(k) →p(k+1) for k≥ 1 is true statement.

Question 3: Proving a summation formula by induction

Prove that 12 + 32 + 52 + ··· + (2n + 1)2 = (n + 1)(2n + 1)(2n + 3)/3 whenever n is a

nonnegative integer.

Question 4: Proving a formula by induction

Prove the following formula by induction:

2+ 4+ ⋯ +2 n=n ( n+ 1 )

Question 5: Proving a formula by induction

3
Use mathematical induction to show that 3 divides n +2 n whenever n is a
nonnegative integer.
Question 6: Proving a formula by induction

Use mathematical induction to show that,

−1, for all non-negative integers n .

2 n n +1
1+2+2 + ⋯ + 2 =2

Question 7: Proving a summation formula by induction

Prove the following formula by induction:

2 2
1+2+2 + ⋯ + 2 n−1=n

Question 8: Proving a formula by induction

n
Prove that 23 −1 is divisible by 11 for all positive integers n .

Question 9: Proving a summation formula by induction

Show that the following proposition, P ( n ) is true for all n ≥ 0 by mathematical

induction.
n −1

∑ 2i =2n−1
i=0