PABE15: RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR AB APPLICATIONS

DESIGN OF WINDMILL FOR ELECTRICITY GENERATION

JUVIE U. DEL ROSARIO

PRINCESS MAEDEAN C. PARAJAS
JOHN EDWARD P. JOAQUIN
JOHN CLARENCE S. BENITO
MARK RONIEL G. BAGAYAN
ALDRIN S. BAGCAL

Republic of the Philippines

TARLAC AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
Camiling, Tarlac
May 2024

INTRODUCTION
 Renewable energy refers to energy derived from naturally replenishing sources such as

sunlight, wind, water, and geothermal heat. Unlike fossil fuels, which are finite and pose

environmental hazards, renewable energy sources can be harnessed repeatedly without depletion.

Additionally, renewable energy provides a sustainable solution to climate change by decreasing

greenhouse gas emissions that result from the burning of fossil fuels.

The Philippines faces three energy insecurity problems: 1) electricity demand is growing

fast; 2) the supply of electricity is often short of demand; and 3) the discrepancy in electrification

rate between cities and rural areas. The country is heavily dependent on coal for its electricity

supply. Population and electricity demand are growing steadily and the reserve margin is low.

Most of the additional capacity is compensated for by coal generation. Even coal generation is

expected to grow until 2040 to be more than thrice the 2017 level (Taniguchi 2019). The

Philippines plans to enhance the generation capacity by approximately three times the 2017 level

by 2040 (Department of Energy (DOE) Philippines, 2017).

DOE Philippines (2017b) reported that the power supply in the on-grid area had

experienced frequent shortages of reserve margins, while off-grid regions had faced limited

power supply (4–12 hours a day) (IRENA, 2017).

Rural areas are still short of affordable energy. The electricity rate is high, because of the

invalidity of commercial electricity supply (IRENA 2017). While the electricity access rate of

the country has reached 90% as of 2016, it is still low for rural areas, with an average of 85% and

77% in Mindanao (World Bank 2018; Philippine Statistics Authority 2018). This archipelago of

over a thousand islands is not always connected to the power grid. The isolated places are
typically dependent on costly diesel generators and are suffering owing to both high electricity

rates and air pollution (IRENA 2017; IEA 2017)

Wind energy is a form of renewable energy that harnesses the power of wind to generate

electricity. It involves converting the kinetic energy of moving air into mechanical energy using

wind turbines, which then transform this mechanical energy into electrical energy through

generators. As a clean, renewable resource, wind power offers an income alternative to fossil

fuels, mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and combating climate change. Its abundant and

widely distributed nature ensures energy security while reducing the use of fossil fuels and other

non-renewable sources.

Significance of the design

Wind turbines generate clean electricity, potentially lowering electricity bills for both the

poultry farm and residential areas while reducing reliance on the main grid. This shift to

renewable energy promotes sustainability and enhances energy security by making the farm and

residence less vulnerable to power outages. In addition, a windmill can be a well-rounded

solution for a poultry farm and residence, offering energy independence and sustainability.

Required area to be supplied

The electricity that will be generated using a windmill will be supplied to a

residential and a farm with an area of 0.5 ha and 1.5 ha, respectively, at Magsaysay, Occidental

Mindoro. According to Metrobank, the average monthly consumption of residential customers is

at 200 kWh as of July 2022.

 For the residential area, a total of 15 houses will be supplied, while 4 poultry houses with

an individual area of 400 square meters for the farm.

Table 3 shows the breakdown of electrical equipment used in the poultry houses together

with its power requirement. Incandescent light bulbs, exhaust fans, water pumps for cooling pads

and waterers, and water pumps for general use are all present in the proposed 4 identical poultry

houses. A total of 56,720 Watts were needed to operate the 4 poultry houses.

Table 4 shows the power requirement for the residential area which is composed of 15

households. Each household has an average power consumption of 209 Watts. Meanwhile, Table

5 presents the total power requirements of the residential and farm areas.

Table 1. Floor space requirements for broiler based on PAES 402:2001

Stages Floor Space
m^2/100 birds

4 weeks and below 6.5

Above 4 weeks old 12.50

Area of poultry housing

A=40 m x 10 m
2
A=400 m

Area of poultry housing

Number of birds= 2
m
12.5
100 birds

2
400 m
Number of birds= 2
m
12.5
100 birds

Number of birds=3,200 birds

Table 2. Lighting requirement based on PAES 402:2001

 Based on the Philippine Agricultural Engineering Standards (PAES 402:2001), artificial

lighting with an intensity of 200 lux shall always be available for use during the night or

darkened periods of the day. All electrical design and installation shall conform to the Philippine

Electrical Code.

Lighting Requirement: light intensity= 200 lux

bulb
@100 W= 0.208 2
m

Number of poultry housing = 4

bulb 2
Number of bulb per m =¿ 0.208 x 400 m
2
2
m
2
Number of bulb per m =¿ 84 bulbs

Total power consumption for lightings = 100 W x 84 bulbs x 4 poultry housing

Total power consumption for lightings= 33, 600 W

Power consumption of exhaust fan=750 W x 12

Power consumption of exhaust fan=¿ 9,000 W

Power consumption of water pump for waterer=746 W x 4 poultry houses

Power consumption of water pump for waterer=2984 W

Power consumption of water pump for general use=2,238 W x 4 poultry houses

Power consumption of water pump for waterer=8,952 W

Table 3. Power requirements for the poultry houses

Equipment Power Quantity Total
Requirement (W) (x 4 poultry house) (W)

Incandescent Bulb 100 336 33,600

(200 lux)

Exhaust Fan 750 12 9, 000

Water Pump 746 4 2984

(Waterers)

Water Pump 2,238 4 8,952

(General Use)

Grand Total 54, 536 Watts

Table 4. Power requirements for the residential area

Average Power No. of Households Total (W)
Consumption per
Household (W)

209 15 3,135 Watts

Table 5. Overall power requirements

Poultry Houses (W) Residential (W) Total (W)
 54,536 3,135 57,710 Watts

SITE ANALYSIS

Figure 1 shows the mean wind speed of the different areas in the Philippines at 100

meters above sea level. The areas with light blue have the least wind speed while the areas with

red violet have the highest wind speed. Magsaysay, Occidental Mindoro was one of the areas

where the wind could be harvested and turned into energy. The said area has an average wind

speed ranging from 9 to >10 m/s which is strong enough to generate power.
 Figure 1. Wind Potential in the Philippines

SITE LAYOUT

Considering the given area, the figure below shows the layout of the proposed 2 hectares

of land containing 15 households and the 4 poultry houses to be supplied by the power generated

by the wind turbine.

WINDMILL DESIGN:
 Having the average wind speed and the required power for the poultry houses and

residential areas, the length of the blades can now be determined. Figure 2 shows the dimensions

of the proposed wind turbine including the rotor diameter, length of the blade, swept area, and

height of the hub. The measurements were determined using the wind power formula given by P

= 1/2 ρAv^3(0.5926).

Figure 2. Dimensions of the Proposed Wind Turbine

Blade shape
 Wind turbine blades are shaped so that the air molecules moving around the blades travel

faster on the downwind side of the blade than those moving across the upwind side of the blades.

This shape is called airfoil and is like an uneven teardrop. The downwind side of the blade has a

large curve, while the upwind side is flat.

Length of the blades

1 3
P= × ρ× A × v × 0.59625
2

1 kg 2
57,710 W = × 1.226 3 × π (r ) ׿
2 m

r =8.30 m≈ 9 m

2
Swept area=π r
2
Swept area=π 9
2
Swept area=254.47 m

v
Angular velocity (ω)=
r

m
9
s
ω=
9m

rad 1
ω=1 x
s 2π

rev
ω=0.159 x 60 s
s

ω=9.55 rpm
Tip Speed Ratio(TSR)=2 πr x ω

rev
TSR=2 π ( 9 m ) x 0.159
s

TSR=9

Cut in and cut off speed

A wind turbine must produce power over a range of wind speeds. The cut-in speed is

around 3–4 m/s for most turbines, and cut-out at 25 m/s.

Power generation

Based on the computations, the power generated by the windmill using the blade with 9

meters in length would be

1 3
POWER OUTPUT ( P )= x ρ x A x v x 0.5926
2
3
1 kg 2 m
P= x 1.226 3 x 254.47 m x (9 ) x 0.5926
2 m s

P=67,388.31W

CONCLUSION
APPENDICES (COMPLETE SOLUTION)

● Grand total ng power requirement for poultry houses

● Power requirement ng residential

● Pano nakuha blade length, rotor diameter, at swept area

● Required power to be supplied vs Power output ng wind turbine comparison

● Others