Electric Charges and Field Lec 11653420248458

Class 12 PHYSICS | Electric Charges & Field | Introduction To Charge
Electrostatic
Electric Charges
&
Field
Origin Of Electric Charge In

Electrostatics
MATTER
ATOM
NUCLEUS ELECTRONS
PROTONS NEUTRON
PURPLE: RED :PROTON

ELECTRON
BLUE GREEN
:NEUTRON :ORBITS
What Are Fundamental

Particles?
 Fundamental particles (also called elementary
particles) are the smallest building blocks of
the universe.
 The key characteristic of fundamental
particles is that they have no internal
structure. In other words, they are not made
up of anything else.

Particles?
Is Electron A Fundamental Particle ?
YES !!

Particles?
Is Proton A Fundamental Particle ?
NO!!

Particles?
Is Neutron A Fundamental Particle ?
NO!!
NEUTRAL BODY
Ne=Np
NEUTRAL
When An Object Is
Said To Be
Charged?
Exchange Of Electrons Results In

Charging A Body
An object is charged if it has a

charge imbalance or some net
charge.
POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE

CHARGE CHARGE CHARGE
Na Cl
Important Point To
Remember
Charge symbol – Q or q
S.I unit of charge – Coulomb(C)
C.G.S unit of charge – StatCoulomb
Charge on electron– -1.6×10-19 C
Charge on proton – +1.6×10-19 C
Relation between S.I and C.G.S Unit –
1 Coulomb = 3× 109 StatCoulomb

Like Charges Repel And Unlike

Charges Attract
Methods Of
Charging
A Body
Charging • The process in which a

body gets charged when
by it is rubbed against other
friction body.
Electrons are transferred from the material

whose work function is lower to the material
whose work function is higher.
Electric Series
The substances mentioned below are called electric
series and they are arranged in such a manner that if
any two of them rubbed together, the one occurring
earlier would be positively charged.
Glass, Flannel, Wool, Silk, Sealing wax, Hard

metal, Hard rubber(ebonite), Resin, Sulphur,
Positive charge Negative charge
1. Glass rod 1. Silk cloth

2.Dry hair 2.Comb
3.Woollen carpet 3.Rubber shoes

Glass rod : Positive Charge

Silk cloth: Negative Charge
Static Electricity
Static Electricity
Static Electricity
Charging By • The process in which a body

gets charged by making
Conduction contact with a charged body
Trick to remember CC (conduction-contact)

A negatively charged
object
Metal
object
Charge By Conduction
Becomes
Negative
Special note :
• Conduction just means that the two objects
will come into actual physical contact with
each other (this is why it is sometimes called
“charging by contact”).
• There is change in the amount of charge in the

body from which charge is transferred to
another body.
Charging
• The process in which a body
By gets charged by a charged
object without contact.
Induction
Remember in this opposite charge is induced

Charge By Induction
Becomes
Positive
1. Separation of charges 2. Sphere is connected to

ground
3. Sphere is disconnected 4. Sphere has an induced

from ground charge
Special note :
• This is the process to induce
charge in a body with the help
of another charged body without
contact.
• There is no change in
the amount of charge (such that
gain or loss)in the inducing body.
Earthing vs. Grounding

Basic Properties Of Charge

1. Charges are additive in nature.
2. Charge is a conserved
quantity.
3. Quantization of charge.
Charges Are
Additive In Nature
Charges are additive in nature means they’re like
scalars and can be added directly.
Total charge =
q1+q2+q3+….qn
Charges Are
Conserved In Nature
Charge can neither be created nor be destroyed but can
be transferred from one body to another by certain
methods.
Quantization Of
Charge
Quantization of charge means that charge is a quantized
quantity and is expressed as integral multiples of the
basic unit of charge (e=1.6×10-19 C). Suppose charge on
a body is Q, then
Q=ne
Q= Total charge on body
e= 1.6×10-19 C
n= ±1, ±2, ±3, ±4....... (Integer)
Ladoo
=electron
Smaller units of charge are as

follows
1µC= 10-6C 1mC= 10-3C

1nC= 10-9C 1 pC = 10-12C
Let’s Try
Some
Questions
Question .What is the value of charge on a body

which carries 25 excess electrons?
Question. Is the charge of 5.8 × 10-18 C possible?

Question. Why do metals conduct electricity?

Question. Is there any transfer of mass when

electrons are transferred from one substance to
another?
HOMEWORK
Question. Write down Difference between mass and charge.

Question. A polythene piece is rubbed with wool and it has

been found to acquire a negative charge of 3X 10-7 C.
(i) How many electrons have transferred from wool to
polythene piece?
(ii) How much is the transfer of mass from wool to polythene
takes place.
Question. An electrically neutral coin of mass m=3.0g

contains equal amount of positive and negative charge.
Assuming, the coin is made up of pure copper, what is
the magnitude q of total positive (or negative) charge on
the coin? Molar mass of copper=63.5 g mole-1
Class 12| Physics| Strategy Discussion

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Class 12 PHYSICS | Electric Charges & Field | Introduction To Charge

Origin Of Electric Charge In

PURPLE: RED :PROTON

What Are Fundamental

What Are Fundamental

What Are Fundamental

What Are Fundamental

Exchange Of Electrons Results In

An object is charged if it has a

POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE

1 Coulomb = 3× 109 StatCoulomb

Like Charges Repel And Unlike

Charging • The process in which a

Electrons are transferred from the material

Glass, Flannel, Wool, Silk, Sealing wax, Hard

Positive charge Negative charge

1. Glass rod 1. Silk cloth

3.Woollen carpet 3.Rubber shoes

Glass rod : Positive Charge

Charging By • The process in which a body

Trick to remember CC (conduction-contact)

• There is change in the amount of charge in the

Remember in this opposite charge is induced

1. Separation of charges 2. Sphere is connected to

3. Sphere is disconnected 4. Sphere has an induced

Earthing vs. Grounding

Basic Properties Of Charge

Smaller units of charge are as

1µC= 10-6C 1mC= 10-3C

Question .What is the value of charge on a body

Question. Is the charge of 5.8 × 10-18 C possible?

Question. Why do metals conduct electricity?

Question. Is there any transfer of mass when

Question. Write down Difference between mass and charge.

Question. A polythene piece is rubbed with wool and it has

Question. An electrically neutral coin of mass m=3.0g

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