MODULE IN

DYNAMICS OF RIGID BODIES

(PART A)

GBB

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Solution:

a. Computations of components of velocities:

𝑣𝐴𝑥 = 520cos65° = 219.76 (kph)

𝑣𝐴𝑦 = 520sin65° = 471.28 (kph)

𝐯𝐴 = −219.76𝐢 + 471.28𝐣 (kph)

𝑣𝐵𝑥 = 260cos30° = 225.17 (kph)

𝑣𝐵𝑦 = 260sin30° = 130 (kph)

𝐯𝐵 = 225.17𝐢 − 130𝐣 (kph)

b. Computation of relative velocity:

[𝐯𝐵/𝐴 = 𝐯𝐵 − 𝐯𝐴 ]

𝐯𝐵/𝐴 = (225.17𝐢 − 130𝐣) − (−219.76𝐢 + 471.28𝐣) (kph)

𝐯𝐵/𝐴 = (444.93𝐢 − 601.28𝐣) (kph)

𝑣𝐵/𝐴 = √444.932 + (−601.28)2

𝑣𝐵/𝐴 = 748 (kph) Answer

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Solution:

a. Components of wind speed:

𝑣𝑥 = 60cos30° = 51.96 (kph)

𝑣𝑦 = 60sin30° = 30 (kph)

b. Ground speed and course (𝜃) of the plane:

𝑣𝐺𝑆 = √51.962 + (30 + 560)2 = 592.28 (kph)

𝜃 = tan−1 (51.96/(560 + 30)) = 5.03°

𝑣𝐺𝑆 = 592.28 (kph)

560 (kph)

θ
𝑣𝑦 = 30 (kph)
𝑣𝑥 = 51.96 (kph)

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 𝑣𝐵 = 24 (kph)

𝑣𝑤 = 10 (kph)
𝜃
𝑣𝐵𝑥 = 21.82 (kph)

Solution:

a. Compute angle 𝜃:

𝜃 = sin−1 (10/24) = 24.62° 𝑨𝒏𝒔𝒘𝒆𝒓

𝑣𝐵𝑥 = 24cos24.62° = 21.82 (kph)

b. Time required to cross the river:

𝑡 = 𝐴𝐶/𝑣𝐵𝑥 = 4.8/21.82 = 0.22 (hr) or 13.2 (min) 𝑨𝒏𝒔𝒘𝒆𝒓

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 C

60°
𝑣𝐵𝑦
30°
B
𝑣𝐵𝑥
3 (m/s)
𝜃

A
(a) (b)

Solution:
a. Compute relative velocity between A and B :
𝐯𝐴 = 0𝐢 + 3𝐣 (m/s)
𝑣𝐵𝑥 = 2cos30° (m/s)

𝑣𝐵𝑦 = 2sin30°(m/s)

𝐯𝐵 = 2cos30°𝐢 + 2sin30°𝐣 (m/s)

[𝐯𝐴/𝐵 = 𝐯𝐴 − 𝐯𝐵 ]

𝐯𝐴/𝐵 = 3𝐣 − (2cos30°𝐢 + 2sin30°𝐣) = −2cos30°𝐢 + (3 − 2sin30°)𝐣

𝑣𝐴/𝐵 = √(−2cos30°)2 + (3 − 2sin30°)2

𝑣𝐴/𝐵 = 2.64 (m/s) (Note: Relative velocity between A and B may

be solved using cosine law.)

b. Finding angle θ
Using cosine law and with reference to figure (b) above:

: [𝑎2 = 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 − 2𝑏𝑐cos𝜃]

22 = 32 + 2.642 − 2(3)(2.64)cos𝜃

𝜃 = 40.89° 𝑨𝒏𝒔𝒘𝒆𝒓

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Solution:
𝐶
Note: Triangle BCD shows the parameters
when the car is stationary, while triangle
ABC is when the car is driven into the wind. 60°
15°
𝑣3
a. Calculate 𝑣2 ,first, considering triangle ABC 𝑣2 𝑣1

Sine law:
𝑣2 30 15° 105°
= 𝐴 𝐷
sin15° sin60° 30 kph 𝐵 wind

𝑣2 = 8.966 (kph) (Note: Raindrop speed if car is stationary.)

b. Speed of raindrop (𝑣1 ) considering

triangle BCD
𝑣2
𝑣1 =
cos15°

𝑣1 = 8.66 (kph) (Note: Speed of raindrop if wind speed is zero.)

c. Calculate 𝑣3 considering triangle ABC

Sine law:
𝑣3 30
=
sin105° sin60°

𝑣3 = 33.46 (kph) (Note: Speed of raindrop when car is moving.)

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 𝐵
60cos60° (kph)

60sin60° (kph)

3.46 (km)

𝐴 60°
40 (kph)

Solution:
a. Compute relative velocity between A and B:
𝐯𝐴 = 40𝐢 + 0𝐣 (kph)

𝑣𝐵𝑥 = 60cos60° (kph) 𝑣𝐵𝑦 = 60sin60°(kph)

𝐯𝐵 = 60cos60°𝐢 − 60sin60°𝐣 (kph)

[𝐯𝐴/𝐵 = 𝐯𝐴 − 𝐯𝐵 ]

𝐯𝐴/𝐵 = 40𝐢 − (60cos60°𝐢 − 60sin60°𝐣) = 10𝐢 + 51.96𝐣

𝑣𝐴/𝐵 = √102 + 51.962 = 52.92 (kph) Answer

b. Position vector, 𝐫𝐴/𝐵

[𝐫𝐴/𝐵 = ∫ 𝐯𝐴/𝐵 𝑑𝑡 ] 𝐫𝐴/𝐵 = ∫(10𝐢 + 51.96𝐣)𝑑𝑡

: 𝐫
𝐴/𝐵 = 10𝑡𝐢 + 51.96𝑡𝐣 + 𝐫0

Evaluate 𝐫0 . When t = 0, 𝐫𝐴/𝐵 = 4sin60 = −3.46𝐣.

−3.46𝐣 = 0𝐢 + 0𝐣 + 𝐫0 𝐫0 = −3.46𝐣
: = 10𝑡𝐢 + 51.96𝑡𝐣 − 3.46𝐣
𝐫𝐴/𝐵

𝐫𝐴/𝐵 = 10𝑡𝐢 + (51.96𝑡 − 3.46)𝐣 𝑨𝒏𝒔𝒘𝒆𝒓

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c. Minimum distance between the two cars and the time that it occurs
Note: Apply maxima and minima in position vector, 𝐫𝐴/𝐵

: 𝐫𝐴/𝐵 = 10𝑡𝐢 + (51.96𝑡 − 3.46)𝐣

Convert vector to scalar.

𝑠 2 = [𝐫𝐴/𝐵 ]2 = (10𝑡)2 + (51.96𝑡 − 3.46) 2

Take
: the first derivative with respect to time, then equate to zero.

𝑑(𝑠 2 )/𝑑𝑡 = 200𝑡 + 2(51.96𝑡 − 3.46)51.96 = 0

𝑡𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.064 (hr) 𝑜𝑟 231 (sec) 𝑨𝒏𝒔𝒘𝒆𝒓

Minimum distance between the two cars

𝑠 2 = (10𝑡)2 + (51.96𝑡 − 3.46) 2

𝑠 2 = (10 × 0.064)2 + (51.96 × 0.064 − 3.46) 2

𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.65 (km) 𝑨𝒏𝒔𝒘𝒆𝒓

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 (a)
Solution: 𝐶

a. Calculate 𝑦𝐵 and 𝑥𝐵 shown in figure (b).

1 𝑦𝐵
[𝑦𝐵 = 𝑣𝐵 sin𝜃𝐵 𝑡 − 𝑔𝑡 2 ]
2
1
𝑦𝐵 = 120sin60°(8) − (9.81)(82 )
2
𝑦𝐵 = 517.46 (m) 𝑥𝐵

[𝑥𝐵 = 𝑣𝐵 cos𝜃𝐵 𝑡] (b)

𝑥𝐵 = 120cos60°(8) 𝐶

𝑥𝐵 = 480 (m)
𝑦𝐴
b. Calculate 𝑦𝐴 and 𝑥𝐴 shown in figure (c).
𝑦𝐴 = 𝑦𝐵 = 517.46 (m)
𝑥𝐴 = 800 + 𝑥𝐵 = 800 + 480 𝑥𝐵
𝑥𝐴 = 1,280 (m) 𝑥𝐴

c. Calculate 𝜃𝐴 and 𝑣𝐴 shown in figure (c). (c)

[𝑥𝐴 = 𝑣𝐴 cos𝜃𝐴 𝑡]
1,280 = 𝑣𝐴 cos𝜃𝐴 (8) Eq. (1)
1
[𝑦𝐴 = 𝑣𝐴 sin𝜃𝐴 𝑡 − 𝑔𝑡 2 ]
2
1
517.464 = 𝑣𝐴 sin𝜃𝐴 (8) − (9.81)(82 ) Eq. (2)
2
By process of elimination using Eq. (1) and Eq. (2), 𝜃𝐴 = 33° and
𝑣𝐴 = 190.788 (m/s).

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d. Calculate components of velocities at point of collision (C). 𝑣𝐵𝐶𝑥 𝐶
For projectile B and with reference to figure (d):
𝑣𝐵𝐶𝑦
[𝑣𝐵𝐶𝑦 = 𝑣𝐵 sin𝜃𝐵 − 𝑔𝑡] 𝑦𝐵
𝑣𝐵𝐶𝑦 = 120sin60° − (9.81)(8)

𝑣𝐵𝐶𝑦 = 25.44 (m/s) 𝑥𝐵

[𝑣𝐵𝐶𝑥 = 𝑣𝐵 cos𝜃𝐵 ]
(d)
𝑣𝐵𝐶𝑥 = 120cos60° = 60 (m/s)

For projectile A and with reference to figure (e): 𝑣𝐴𝐶𝑥 𝐶

[𝑣𝐴𝐶𝑦 = 𝑣𝐴 sin𝜃𝐴 − 𝑔𝑡]

𝑣𝐴𝐶𝑦
𝑣𝐴𝐶𝑦 = 190.788sin33° − (9.81)(8) 𝑦𝐴

𝑣𝐴𝐶𝑦 = 25.43 (m/s)

[𝑣𝐴𝐶𝑥 = 𝑣𝐴 cos𝜃𝐴 ] 𝑥𝐵

𝑣𝐴𝐶𝑥 = 190.788cos33° = 160 (m/s) 𝑥𝐴

(e)
e. Relative velocity at collision (C).
[𝐯𝐴/𝐵 = 𝐯𝐴 − 𝐯𝐵 ]

𝐯𝐴 = 160𝐢 + 25.43𝐣
𝐯𝐵 = 60𝐢 + 25.44𝐣
𝐯𝐴/𝐵 = (160𝐢 + 25.43𝐣) − (60𝐢 + 25.44𝐣)
𝐯𝐴/𝐵 = 100𝐢 + 0𝐣

𝑣𝐴/𝐵 = √1002 + 02 = 100 (m/s) Answer

f. Initial velocity vector of A

𝑣𝐴𝑥 = 190.788cos33° = 160 (m/s)
𝑣𝐴𝑦 = 190.788sin33° = 103.91 (m/s)

𝐯𝐴 = 160𝐢 + 103.91𝐣 (m/s) 𝑨𝒏𝒔𝒘𝒆𝒓

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Solution:
a. For car A:

70 (kph) = 19.44 (m/s)

𝑣𝐴𝑥 = 19.44cos40° = 14.89 (m/s)
𝑣𝐴𝑦 = 19.44sin40° = 12.5 (m/s)
𝐯𝐴𝑥 = 14.89𝐢 (m/s)
𝐯𝐴𝑦 = 12.5𝐣 (m/s)

[𝐯𝐴 = 𝐯𝐴𝑥 + 𝐯𝐴𝑦 ]

𝐯𝐴 = 14.89𝐢 + 12.5𝐣 (m/s)

b. For car B: d. Relative acceleration, 𝐚𝐵/𝐴

.
90 (kph) = 25 (m/s) [𝐚𝐵/𝐴 = 𝐯𝐵/𝐴 ]

𝑣𝐵𝑥 = 0 (m/s) 𝐯𝐵/𝐴 = −14.89𝐢 + 12.5𝐣 − 1.8𝑡𝐣 (m/s)

𝑣𝐵𝑦 = 25 + (−1.8𝑡) (m/s)

𝐚𝐵/𝐴 = 0𝐢 + 0𝐣 − 1.8𝐣 (m/s2 )

𝐯𝐵𝑥 = 0𝐢 (m/s)
𝐚𝐵/𝐴 = −1.8𝐣 (m/s2 ) 𝑨𝒏𝒔𝒘𝒆𝒓
𝐯𝐵𝑦 = (25 − 1.8𝑡)𝐣 (m/s)
[𝐯𝐵 = 𝐯𝐵𝑥 + 𝐯𝐵𝑦 ]

𝐯𝐵 = 0𝐢 + (25 − 1.8𝑡)𝐣 (m/s)

c. Relative velocity, 𝐯𝐵/𝐴

[𝐯𝐵/𝐴 = 𝐯𝐵 − 𝐯𝐴 ]

𝐯𝐵/𝐴 = [0𝐢 + (25 − 1.8𝑡)𝐣] − [14.89𝐢 + 12.5𝐣] (m/s)

𝐯𝐵/𝐴 = −14.89𝐢 + [12.5 − 1.8𝑡]𝐣 (m/s)

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