ntroduction

.
These hydraulic floor cranes provide an efficient, low cost alternative to other
material handling equipments. Strong, robust, sturdy and built to very standard,
these cranes are maneuverable in loading, unloading and shifting of heavy loads.
Crane structure consists of chassis, vertical column, horizontal arm, and the
hydraulic pump with cylinder assembly. The box crane can take heavy loads
effectively, avoids damage under rough and unskilled handling. The hydraulic
cranes used in the industry are efficient but they only have the ability to lift the
load and put it down at some other position. In this general design, the arm of the
crane moves in the vertical plane only, i.e it has constrained motion. The aim of
our project is to re-design the hydraulic crane and give its arm the rotational
ability. The ball bearing provides rotational motion to the column. The hydraulic
crane was invented in Newcastle by William Armstrong in about 1845 t

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Design & Fabrication of Hydraulic Floor Crane 2014 Trinity Institute of

Technology & Research, Bhopal | Department of Mechanical engineering Page 1
CHAPTER-1 Introduction
.
These hydraulic floor cranes provide an efficient, low cost alternative to other
material handling equipments. Strong, robust, sturdy and built to very standard,
these cranes are maneuverable in loading, unloading and shifting of heavy loads.
Crane structure consists of chassis, vertical column, horizontal arm, and the
hydraulic pump with cylinder assembly. The box crane can take heavy loads
effectively, avoids damage under rough and unskilled handling. The hydraulic
cranes used in the industry are efficient but they only have the ability to lift the
load and put it down at some other position. In this general design, the arm of the
crane moves in the vertical plane only, i.e it has constrained motion. The aim of
our project is to re-design the hydraulic crane and give its arm the rotational
ability. The ball bearing provides rotational motion to the column. The hydraulic
crane was invented in Newcastle by William Armstrong in about 1845 to help load
coal into barges at the Quayside.
Fig 1.1. A Type of Hydraulic Floor Crane (
Source
: http://www.c1call.co.uk/c1/Assets/Products/
MaterialHandling_FloorCrane_HeavyDuty.jpg)
The main aim of the project is the design, analysis and production of a hydraulic
floor crane having vertical arm motion of 360 degree, horizontal arm motion up
and down as well as movement of carrying hook using pulleys.
 Design & Fabrication of Hydraulic Floor Crane 2014 Trinity Institute of
Technology & Research, Bhopal | Department of Mechanical engineering Page 2
1.1

MORPHOLOGY OF DESIGN
In designing a machine component, there is no rigid rule. The problem may be
attempted in several ways. However the general procedure to solve a design
problem is as follows: Recognition of need: First of all, make a complete statement
of the problem, indicating the need, aim or purpose for which the machine is to be
designed. Synthesis (mechanisms): Select the possible mechanism or group of
mechanism, which will give the desired motion. Analysis of forces: Find the forces
acting on each member of the machine and the energy transmitted by each
member. Material selection: Select the material best suited for each member of the
machine. Design of elements (size and stresses): Find the size of each member of
the machine by considering the forces acting on the member and the permissible
stresses for the material used. It should be kept in mind that each member should
not deflector deform than the permissible limit. Modification: Modify the size of
the member to agree with the past experience and judgment to facilitate
manufacture. The modification may also be necessary by considering of
manufacturing to reduce overall cost. Detailed drawing: Draw the detailed of each
component and the assembly of the machine with complete specification for the
manufacturing process suggested. Production: The component, as per the drawing,
is manufactured in the workshop.
Fig1.2. Morphology Of Design

Design & Fabrication of Hydraulic Floor Crane 2014 Trinity Institute of

Technology & Research, Bhopal | Department of Mechanical engineering Page 3
1.2
NEED ANALYSIS.

The primary goal for a manufacturing this crane is to solve the dexterity versus
strength trade off in the context of machine tools and flexible
manufacturing/assembly systems. Synthesis We have selected group of
mechanism, which will give the desired motion. We have used revolute
configuration to give motion to the column. Column will revolve over the base
(360
°
) and in-between arm and column. Arm will revolve 360
°
(vertically) about the column for picking and placing of object. This configuration
will help in searching the object Material selection We have chosen the cheap and
best material which is very commercially available i.e. iron due to its good
strength. Design of Element We have calculated the specification of arm, column,
and base after considering the forces and permissible stresses of individual
component. Modification We can further modify our crane by employing other
configuration, for this we do not need have to change the whole mechanical design.
Detailed drawing We have made isometric drawing of our robotic arm with the
help of AUTO-CAD 3D software labeling all the necessary parts with complete
dimensions. Production All the manufactured and fabricated part of our project is
accomplished in workshop itself. We have drawn AUTO-CAD drawings in our
college laboratory provided by our college

Design & Fabrication of Hydraulic Floor Crane 2014 Trinity Institute of

Technology & Research, Bhopal | Department of Mechanical engineering Page 4
CHAPTER 2 Literature Survey
Material Handling is the movement, storage, control and protection of materials,
goods and products throughout the process of manufacturing, distribution,
consumption and disposal. The focus is on the methods, mechanical equipment,
systems and related controls used to achieve these functions. Hydraulic cranes are
an important part of the material handling equipments. The hydraulic cranes that
are being used work on manual power. A crane is a type of machine, generally
equipped with a hoist, wire ropes or chains, and sheaves, that can be used both to
lift and lower materials and to move them horizontally. It is mainly used for lifting
heavy things and transporting them to other places. It uses one or more simple
machines to create mechanical advantage and thus move loads beyond the normal
capability of a man. Cranes are commonly employed in the transport industry for
the loading and unloading of freight, in the construction industry for the movement
of materials and in the manufacturing industry for the assembling of heavy
equipment
1.2.1 Parts and descriptions of hydraulic floor crane
1.

Base plate/ Truck/Pallet 2.

Vertical column 3.

Ball bearings 4.

Horizontal arm 5.

Hook 6.

Nuts and Bolts 7.

Wheels 8.

Pulleys 9. Hydraulic jack 1. Base plate/ Truck/Pallet:- It is a plate that serves as a

base or support. It is used for carrying the overall weight of the project. It is made
of mild steel. In this 4 bars are welded by using Electric Arc Welding to give it a
rectangular shape. It is made up of cast iron. 2. Pulleys:- A pulley is a wheel on
an axle that is designed to support movement and change of direction of a cable or
belt along its circumference. Pulleys are used in a variety of ways to lift loads,
apply forces, and to transmit power. A pulley is also called a sheave or drum and may
have a groove between two flanges around its circumference. The drive element of
a pulley system can be a rope, cable, belt, or chain that runs over the pulley
inside the groove
3. Vertical column
:-

This is mounted on the pallet/base plate/truck in

longitudinal or Y-direction. It consists of a short handle which is welded to the

vertical column for 360
◦
rotation of the column so that the load can be dropped at the required position. It
consists of roller bearing at the base in the circumferential manner to reduce
friction at the time of rotating the vertical column. 4. Thrust ball bearings
:-
Ball bearings are called as ‘anti friction bearings’.
This is a misnomer because friction is always present in such bearings, mainly
owing to rolling resistance, between the balls or rollers and the race. It carries the
vertical thrust and axial load
5. Horizontal arm
:-
It is fixed horizontal arm on which our hydraulic

piston and cylinder is mounted. It is fixed with the vertical column with welded
joint which can rotate with the rotating vertical column to 360° rotation. 6. Hook:
Hook is fixed with the cable moving on pulleys. Hook is used for attaching the
load to horizontal arm which moves up and down due which the connected loads
are lifted and rotates. 7. Nuts and Bolts: Nuts and bolts are the hardware fasteners
which are used to fasten the various different parts .in our project we have used
around 20 nut and bolts