Case Study of 360 Image Viewer Software
Utilization in Interior Design Presentation to
Improve Product Immersion
Friska Amalia
Interior Design (Bandung) Department
Bina Nusantara University
Bandung, Indonesia
friska.amalia@binus.ac.id
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7580-7138
Abstract—This case study investigates the use of 360 Image
Viewer software to improve product immersion in interior
design presentations. The goal is to determine how the
utilization of 360-degree photography technology may enhance
the immersive experience and user engagement with items for
interior design. This study uses a qualitative method to analyze
observation. During design presentations, 360 Image Viewer
software was evaluated by a sample of interior design experts
and prospective clients. Users were able to move around in
virtual environments thanks to the software, which gave them a
sensation of presence and interaction. Observation was used to
gather qualitative data with an emphasis on the participants'
impressions of immersion and participation. According to the
investigation, using 360 Image Viewer software greatly
improved product immersion and gave users a realistic and
dynamic portrayal of the interior design. Participants noted a
stronger understanding of the design concept and an improved
sense of spatial presence. This case study illustrates the
advantages of using 360 Image Viewer software and adds to the
increasing body of information on immersive technology in
interior design. The results show how such technology can
improve the display and communication of products used in
interior design, leading to greater client knowledge and
involvement. In conclusion, this study promotes the use of 360-
degree imaging as a technique to enhance product immersion
and the quality of the entire interior design experience.
Keywords—360-degree image, immersion, utilization, virtual
showroom.
I. INTRODUCTION
Interior designers encountered an unanticipated rise in
building and design initiatives during the pandemic that were
intended to provide a safe environment against the COVID-19
virus without impeding productivity. Despite physical
constraints, inventive designs from designers allow for the
survival of sectors like product presentations and art shows.
The development of technology and a preference toward
digitalization made it easier for websites to become well-liked
display venues, even for entertainment.
In the realm of interior design, a compelling product
presentation is essential for grabbing clients' interest,
improving comprehension, and boosting engagement[1].
Designers are experimenting with cutting-edge methods to
enhance product immersion and produce captivating design
experiences to meet these objectives. The use of 360 Image
Viewer software for interior design presentations is a potential
innovation that is gaining popularity in this area. In this case
study, users' immersion, engagement, and comprehension of
interior design goods are examined in relation to the usage of
360 Image Viewer software. The purpose of the study is to
look at how 360-degree photography might improve how
XXX-X-XXXX-XXXX-X/XX/$XX.00 ©20XX IEEE
Ahmad Fitriyansah
Micro Electronic Center of ITB
Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB)
Bandung, Indonesia
afitriyansah128@gmail.com
https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7387-0149
interior design products are presented to audiences generally
and how they are perceived by users.
Interior designers may now construct interactive virtual
worlds for customers to explore and experience the suggested
ideas thanks to the invention of 360 Image Viewer software.
A qualitative technique is used in this case study to analyze
the viewpoints of interior design experts and clients.
According to Kamil et al, 90% of respondents from their prior
research believe that interactive VR tour applications can help
customers make more informed judgments about what to
buy[2].
The case study's findings offer important new information
on how 360 Image Viewer software might enhance product
immersion in interior design presentations. The study intends
to add to the expanding body of information on immersive
technologies in interior design and promote their wider
adoption in the sector by demonstrating the advantages and
effects of this technology. The goal of this study is to improve
our knowledge of how 360 Image Viewer software may be
used to revolutionize interior design presentations, elevate
product immersion, and create immersive design experiences
that capture clients and aid in informed decision-making.
II. METHODS
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of
360 Image Viewer software on product immersion in interior
design presentations using a qualitative methodology. The
study seeks to offer a thorough knowledge of how this
technology affects user engagement and immersion. The
foundation for research questions and hypotheses derived
from literature review. The empirical phase uses a
comparative study between the established criteria of
immersion and the case study. By using this qualitative
approach, the study adds insightful knowledge on how to use
360 Image Viewer software to improve product immersion,
enabling interior designers to provide customers with
appealing and engaging design experiences.
III. CRITERIA OF IMMERSION
Virtual reality immersion in 360-degree image may be an
entertaining way for prospective customers to learn in-depth
information about the products they want to buy. The
usefulness of immersive technology in online sales media may
be improved by several immersion criteria to match the
expectations of potential customers. By casting the user as a
character in a story world, immersive design transforms fresh
design opportunities into character-driven, embodied
experiences[3]. Based on the previous findings, experts would
consider some requirements for immersion as shown at Fig. 1,
which include connectedness, attentiveness, natural
components, psychological tests, fun, and movement. These
requirements will be used to analyze the immersion of the
virtual showroom in this case study.
Fig. 1 Immersion in 360 images for virtual reality concept scheme.
(a)connection; (b) attention; (c) nature elements; (d) psychological
measures; (e)playfulness; and (f)movement.
A. Connection
Users can feel connected and a part of something through
telepresence. Telepresence, as used in immersive design,
describes a technology's or a design experience's ability to
simulate the feeling of being physically present in a remote or
virtual location[4]. By making the user feel completely
immersed in it, it aims to remove the physical barrier
separating them from the virtual environment[5]. In
immersive design, telepresence is widely employed to deliver
virtual tours, virtual displays, or remote design conversations.
B. Attention
In the moment of user engagement of immersive design, it
was utilized to enhance users' awareness of their surroundings
by using a design that allows users to redirect their attention
when they get distracted[6]. In immersive design, the term
"attention" refers to the users' cognitive and perceptual focus
on certain items, occasions, or interactions inside the
immersive environment. It includes concentrating attention
and devoting mental resources to stimuli or design aspects[7].
C. Nature Elements
These interactions included certain aspects of nature. In
several interactions, a vision of water or vegetation was used.
"Nature elements in immersive design" refers to the
application of characteristics and characteristics taken from
the natural world in the development of immersive
experiences[8]. To replicate the emotions, aesthetics, and
ambiance of nature, it involves integrating sensory-evoking
interactive, auditory, and visual elements into a virtual or
augmented environment[9]. Realistic materials, lighting
effects, and color palettes are examples of this. Using sounds
like running water, chirping birds, rustling leaves, or mild
winds can boost auditory immersion and provide the
impression that you are in a natural environment. This is
another method for introducing natural sounds into
soundscapes. Ambient background noise or active, user-
responsive sound cues can both be used as soundscapes.
The selection and alteration of the environment's elements
is one of the most crucial responsibilities in interior design.
Instant selection and layout in 3D should be possible in the
application to speed up the formulation of concepts and make
it easy for new users to utilize[14].
D. Psychological Measures
In immersive design, psychological measurements refer to
the measurement and evaluation of users' psychological
responses, experiences, and perceptions inside immersive
environments[10]. From a cognitive, emotional, and
behavioral standpoint, these assessments aim to understand
the users' engagement, presence, immersion, and overall
experience in virtual or augmented reality[11]. To identify and
quantify numerous psychological constructs related to
immersion, presence, user experience, emotional reactions,
cognitive load, and other relevant factors, various tests and
questionnaires may be employed as psychological
measurements. These metrics provide data on the
effectiveness, influence, and perceptions of immersive design
experiences among users.
E. Playfulness
Users were requested to interact with the system that
encourages inquiry and invention to make the experience as
enticing and unobtrusive as possible. This was achieved by
looking through a report. Playfulness in immersive design
refers to the incorporation of elements, interactions, and
experiences that promote a feeling of joy, wonder, and
exploration in virtual or augmented reality settings[12]. It
requires creating engaging user interfaces that encourage
exploration, learning, and entertainment while interacting
with immersive content.
F. Movement
The use of dynamic and interactive features that
incorporate real-world or virtual motion is referred to as
movement in immersive design. To enable users to explore,
interact with, and engage with the virtual or augmented world,
it is necessary to provide a feeling of movement, flow, and
spatial navigation[13].
IV. PRE-DESIGN PHASE
The virtual showroom in this case study was created by the
researchers to aid PT Eleganza Tiles Indonesia in delivering
their products information which include marble, granite, and
wood-patterned tiles in various sizes. The project was started
in 2021 by a group of five people, including two idea creators,
two 3D artists in charge, and one programmer. The goal of the
project was to enhance the company's website with a virtual
showroom so that customers could see how the materials
offered by PT Eleganza Tiles Indonesia may be used. In 2022,
it was published on the PT Eleganza Tiles Indonesia website.
The virtual showroom covers an area of 1200 square
meters and is required to be accurate to the physical showroom
in terms of layout, materials used, and lighting (Fig. 2). The
virtual showroom's materials are an accurate representation of
those found in the physical showroom. This design strategy
seeks to provide the web visitors with an immersive
experience like visiting a physical showroom. It enables the
visitors to explore and interact with interior spaces, products,
or creative ideas without being there physically.
 An additional section is also added to the virtual
showroom, which is called interactive gallery. This new
section serves as supplemental feature to communicate the
client's needs for the implementation of their product in
domestic settings, as seen in Fig. 3. The interactive gallery
displays the company's tile products in household settings,
such as bedrooms, living rooms, bathrooms, kitchens, dining
areas, and TV rooms.
(a)
(b)
Fig. 2 Showroom façade of Eleganza Tiles Indonesia. (a) Homepage
virtual showroom façade in official website of Eleganza Tiles
Indonesia; and (b) Official Showroom Eleganza Style in St. Lingkar
Luar Barat, Kembangan, West Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
Fig. 3 Interactive Gallery section in Virtual Showroom Eleganza Style
in Eleganza Official Website.
V. DESIGN AND POST-DESIGN PHASE
A. Design Media Utilization
The 3D modeling of the showroom is done on various
machines as a collaborative project. The machines used was
mainly run on Windows 10 with various Central Processing
Unit (CPU) and Graphic Processing Unit (GPU).
Sketchup and Rhinoceros are used for 3D modeling.
Sketchup was mainly used to models rooms and other interior
components like furniture, and openings. Meanwhile,
Rhinoceros is used to create more intricate 3D models of
interior components, such as artwork, furniture with
parametric design, and others.
The rendering engine which is suited to render 360-degree
spherical panorama is preferable. In this project, Enscape was
utilized because of its capabilities of faster rendering without
significant decrease in the quality of the render.
Lapentor, a web based 360-Image Viewer program, is
utilized to transform the rendered images from flat projection
into sphere as seen in Fig. 4. Beside that capability, Lapentor
also facilitates its user to make hotspot that is an element
inside the view which users can interact with by clicking it.
The hotspot can have an action which includes moving to
another location, playing directional sound, playing video,
showing images, showing information, and opening an URL.
Fig. 4 Lapentor Dashboard Work Area for Virtual Showroom Eleganza
Style in Eleganza Official Website.
B. Features
1) Scene-list feature
Scene-list feature on Lapentor offers user to look at all the
available scene in the showroom and move to a specific scene
on that list. This feature allows users to jump to specific areas
of the showroom as they choose. According to the client's
feedback, this function should ideally be normally closed so
users may fully observe the scene or switch scenes as they
choose, as illustrated in Fig. 5.
(a) (b)
Fig. 5 White Experience Are in Virtual Showroom Eleganza Style in
Eleganza Official Website with scene-list feature. (a) closed state
visualization; (b) open state.
2) Point hotspot
The point hotspot feature in Lapentor function to move
between scenes. By clicking on the hotspot, users will be
moved to a scene specified by the hotspot. By moving the user
to a scene with a close distance, the virtual showroom can
mimic sense of movement as if the users are traversing the
physical world.
With the use of this tool, you may go between different
scenarios based on how the virtual showroom is laid up. The
point hotspot function is made to adhere to the scenes' order
when the user is browsing the virtual showroom, taking
accessibility into consideration. As seen in Fig. 6, the
positioning of this feature indicates navigation by being
placed near the bottom of the picture.
 3) Object Interaction
Object interaction is unfortunately limited for a 360-image
viewer software. Ideally, object interaction should allow users
to engage with, change, and observe how things respond to
actual or virtual activities. Objects can be picked up, thrown,
pushed, or spun to do this. Moving platforms, shifting
landscape, or weather effects are examples of dynamic
elements that are used in environmental alterations to give the
sense that the environment is moving and changing. [13].
The usage of static 360-image makes the environment of a
scene unchanging. In Lapentor, object interaction is limited to
playing a sound or video and opening a window to show
information.
Fig. 6 Navigation features to move to another scene of Virtual
Showroom Eleganza Style in Eleganza Official Website.
(a)
(b) (c)
(d)
Fig. 7 Hotspot features to inform details of materials in Virtual
Showroom Eleganza Style in Eleganza Official Website. (a)hotspot
article feature default from lapentor software; (b) variant hyperlink
image viewer; (c) image visualization hyperlink viewer to inform
material application in interior design; and (d) html code display in
lapentor to create details of article hotspot.
The article hotspot feature on Lapentor describes the idea
of attention in the notion of immersion in 360-degree photos
for virtual reality. This function offers comprehensive details
on the products of the business inside the virtual showroom.
This hotspot is planned to be used to present materials in the
virtual showroom in detail. As such, each article hotspot is
placed in the middle of its corresponding materials as shown
in Fig. 7. This feature's attention component aids users in
focusing on important design elements, messaging, or
interactive features to grab and hold their attention virtually.
Effective and engaging experiences need careful attention
to immersive design. To direct users' attention toward
important design components, messaging, or interactive
features, designers must know how to grab and hold their
attention. Designers lead users' investigation by placing
product information as an article hotspot in the virtual
showroom. It makes users easier to grasp and improves the
entire experience by deliberately directing attention to the
product information.
Incorporating components, interactions, and experiences
that foster a feeling of fun, wonder, and exploration in virtual
or augmented reality environments is referred to as
playfulness in immersive design[13]. It entails developing
dynamic and enjoyable user interfaces that motivate users to
explore, learn, and have fun while interacting with immersive
material.
VI. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The virtual showroom and the interactive gallery are
divided into two primary components in this design as shown
in the Fig. 8 (a). The users will begin their investigation in
front of the exterior of the Eleganza Tiles showroom, where
they may make their way inside to reach the reception area
(Fig. 8 red). The virtual showroom space is comprised of a
meeting area, a wood-look product area, a product area with
mosaic tiles, a product area with Stone Polymer Composite
(SPC), a product area with a rough appearance, and a product
area with a white experience (Fig. 8 yellow, purple, green,
blue, and orange respectively). The rendered image of white
experience and mosaic tiles area can be seen in Fig. 9.
The user will next be instructed to explore the centrally
located interactive gallery. The experience area, located in the
middle of the room, shows how product materials are used in
various household settings, such as bathrooms, bedrooms,
dining rooms, kitchens, walk-in closets, family rooms, eating
areas, and gardens. Materials used in the experience area,
which are sorted by category and display different patterns for
each marketed product, surround the core space as shown (c)
Fig. 11.
Connection criteria can be evaluated by the telepresence in
the virtual showroom. The resemblance of physical showroom
establishes the connection to users that have visited the
physical showroom. In addition to that, the transition between
scenes that are close to each other gives an illusion of
connectivity of the scenes. This observation shows that the
connection between users to the showroom and scenes within
the showroom are well established.
Users’ attention is maintained by increasing their curiosity
with additional hotspot within the scene. The article hotspots
which are placed in the middle of materials draw the focus into
them and provoke user to try clicking. Within the information
shown in the article, the user can also see variants of the
material and how the material can be applied to a room. This
further increases the interest of the users in the material
presented.
The goal of incorporating natural aspects into immersive
design is to provide people with a more interesting, soothing,
and beautiful experience. It is done by using realistic materials
and lighting in the virtual showroom. In addition to that, green
vegetation and water are added to many areas in the showroom
to induce calm, foster a sense of connection to the natural
world, and improve immersion and enjoyment in the virtual
environment.
The researcher's psychological measuring element links
the virtual users' and showroom visitors' shared sense of
immersion. The virtual experience is comparable to and can
give the user the impression that they are in the actual
showroom thanks to lighting that has been set to mimic the
physical showroom conditions. With identical choices for
material bump level, material glossiness, and material module,
the exhibited materials are created to closely mirror their
actual counterparts. These factors shed light on how well
immersive design experiences work, how they affect people,
and how they are perceived by users.
This interior design project's mood board as seen in Fig.
10. blends materials like marble, rattan weaving, pastel velvet
fabric, bronze metals, crystal-made lighting fixtures, and
white wainscoting to provide an opulent and opulent
contemporary aesthetic. The weaving of rattan lends natural
texture and warmth, while the inclusion of marble adds
refinement and timeless beauty. Pastel velvet fabrics add
softness and richness, while golden metals add glitz and
grandeur. White wainscoting offers a polished backdrop,
VIRTUAL SHOWROOM
INTERACTIVE GALLERY
(a)
(b)
Fig. 8 Room program blocking in Virtual Showroom Eleganza Style in
Eleganza Official Website. (a)general plan layout furniture of Eleganza
Tiles Virtual Showroom; and (b) Isometric view of general plan layout
of Eleganza Tiles Virtual Showroom.
(a)
(b)
Fig. 9 Virtual Showroom Room Program in Eleganza Official Website.
(a) Rough Look Product Area; and (b) Mozaic Tiles Product Area.
while lighting fixtures made of crystal serve as eye-catching
focal pieces. Together, these components stand for
sophistication, luxury, and a modern style, producing an
environment that is both aesthetically appealing and
harmonious.
Increasing playfulness goes hand in hand with increasing
attention. Clickable hotspots such as article and point hotspot
encourage users to explore and discover what interaction
awaits them. This would allow users to interact virtually with
products and contribute to evoking their own design ideas thus
adding to the playfulness aspect. The visual appeal, including
bright colors usage in lighting and engaging aesthetics, further
enhances the overall playful experience, aiming to increase
user engagement and create a deeper connection with the
showcased products.
Typically, movement cannot be done by using static images.
But a feeling of movement can be achieved by using smooth
transition between scenes. Using available plugins to
transform the shape of point hotspot to arrow shape, it adds a
sense of direction to the transition which further increases the
perception of movement. Furthermore, by avoiding sudden or
too many changes to the lighting and location of the scene,
smoother transition is achieved.
VII. CONCLUSION
From the analysis, the case study on utilizing 360 Image
Viewer software in interior design presentations meets the six
criteria of immersion. It has provided valuable insights on
enhancing product immersion through the integration of
various immersion elements. Key findings emphasize the
importance of connection, attention, natural components,
psychological indicators, playfulness, and movement in
creating engaging design experiences. By considering these
factors, designers can create captivating presentations that
effectively convey design concepts, foster stronger user
connections, and leave a lasting impact.
 The user in this study is still limited to the clients of the
project. More study is necessary to validate the findings by
expanding the sample set to showroom visitors and customers.
Additionally, some improvements can be added to the virtual
showroom such as adding gamification elements like mini
games or easter eggs within the hotspots or by incorporating a
3D viewer to enable users to interact with the materials.
The object interaction aspect can also be improved by
using a completely virtual environment that can be explored
and interacted with object by object. Although the computing
power required might increase if similar levels of realistic
materials and lighting are used.
Fig. 10 Moodboard for Interactive Gallery for Virtual Showroom of
Eleganza Tiles Indonesia.
(a) (b)
(c)
Fig. 11 Interactive Gallery in Virtual Showroom of Eleganza Tiles; (a)
Bedroom and walk-in-closet area; (b) living room and dining room
area; (c) Mozaic tiles pool area
TABLE I. Summary of immersion criteria analysis
Criteria Summary
Connection Using the scene feature in Lapentor, users can
feel the connection between areas in the
showroom.
Attention Each area has its own uniqueness to help
maintain user’s attention during the visit.
Nature Element Usage of realistic materials and lighting. Usage
of vegetation and water in certain areas.
Psychological The resemblance of the virtual showroom to its
Measure physical counterpart affecting user’s experience.
Playfulness User interaction with the materials used in the
area.
Movement Point hotspot and 360-degree viewing angle are
adding sense of movement.
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