Mark Scheme

Edexcel IAL P4 (Binomial Expansion) 2020 - 2024

Pearson Edexcel International A Level

In Pure Mathematics P4 (WMA14)
 2

Question
Scheme Marks
Number
1(a) −
1
2 1 1
4 or or B1
1
2
2
4
1
1 −
−
2 1  5x  2
(4 − 5 x) = 1 − 
2 4 
  1  3 
  1   5x   − 2  ×  − 2   5x 2 
= ...  1 +  −  ×  −  +    × −
 4  + ...  M1A1
  2  4  2!   
 
 
1 5 75 2
=+ x + x + ... A1
2 16 256
(4)
2 + kx1 5 75
= ( 2 + kx )  2 + 16 x + 256 x 2 + ... 
3
(2 − 3 x)  
10 k 3 13
(b) Compares x terms leading to k = .... E.g. + = ⇒ k =− M1 A1
16 2 10 20
(2)
2 75 5 13 49
(c) Compares x terms leading to m = ... E.g. =
m + × '− ' ⇒ =
m M1 A1
128 16 20 128
(2)

(8 marks)
1
−
2 1
Alt (a) 4 or 1 B1
2
4
1 3 5
1
 1 −2
3 1
− ×−
2 4 2 ( −5 x ) 2
− − −

(4 − 5 x) = 4 +  −  4 ( −5 x ) + 2 M1A1
2 2

 2 2
1 5 75 2
=+ x + x + ... A1
2 16 256
(4)
 3

(a)
1
− 1
B1: For taking out a factor of 4 2 or
2
1
−
For a direct expansion look for 4 + .... or equivalent.
2

1
M1: For the form of the binomial expansion (1 + ax )
−
2 where a ≠ 1 or −5
To score M1 it is sufficient to see either term two or term three. Allow a slip on the sign.
 1  3
 − × − 
 1 2  2
So allow for either  −  ( ± ax ) or  ( ± ax )
2

 2 2
1 3 5
 1 −2
3
− ×− −
2
In the alternative version look for  −  4 ( −5 x ) or 2 2 4 ( −5 x ) condoning sign slips
2

 2 2
1
−
 5x  2
A1: Any (unsimplified) but correct form of the binomial expansion for .  1 − 
 4 
Ignore the factor preceding the bracket for this mark
 1  3
 − × −  2
 1   5x   2   2   5x 
Score for 1 +  −  ×  −  + ×  −  o.e.
 2  4  2!  4 
1 3 5
1 1 3
 1 −2 − ×−
2 4 2 ( −5 x ) 2
− − −
In the alternative version look for (4 − 5 x) = 4 +  −  4 ( −5 x ) + 2
2 2

 2 2
1 5 75 2
A1: cao + x+ x + ... This must be simplified
2 16 256

( 2 + kx ) ( P + Qx + Rx 2 + ...) =+
3
1 x + mx 2
10
(b)
M1: For a correct equation in k formed by comparing the x terms. It must lead to a value for k
3
Follow through on their expansion. So look for Pk + 2Q = ⇒ k = ... Condone slips, i.e copying errors.
10
3
Condone Pkx + 2Qx = x as long as it leads to a value for k
10
13
A1: k = −
20
(c)
2
M1: Correctly compares the x terms, following through on their expansion and their value for k leading to a
value for m . Condone slips, i.e copying errors.
Look for Qk + 2 R =
m Condone Qkx 2 + 2 Rx 2 =
mx 2 as long as it leads to a value for m

49 49 2
A1: m = oe Condone sight of x as evidence for a correct value for m.
128 128
 4

Question
Scheme Marks
Number
2(a) 1 2 1
1

 4 − 5x  = ( ...) B1
  2

1  1 1  1  3
 2 × − 2   × − × − 
M1A1
1
2 1     2  2  2  2 3
= (1 − 20 x ) = 1 +   × ( −20 x ) + × ( −20 x ) + × ( −20 x ) ...
 2 2! 3!

1
= − 5 x − 25 x 2 − 250 x3 + ... A1 A1
2
Special case:
If the final answer is left as
1
2 (
1 − 10 x − 50 x 2 − 500 x3 + ... )
Award SC B1M1A1A1A0
(5)
Alternative by direct expansion
1 1
−
1
1 1 −
3
1 1 3 −
5

1
2
1  1  1 
2 2
×−  1 2 ×− ×−  1 2

 4 − 5x  =  4  +  2   4  ( −5 x )1 + 2 2 2  4  ( −5 x ) 2 + 2 3!2 2
 4  ( −5 x )
3 B1M1A1
          
1
= − 5 x − 25 x 2 − 250 x3 + ... A1A1
2
(b) 1 5 2  1 2 1
1
1  1 
1
 1 
2 3
 4 − 100  =  5  = 2 − 5 × 100 − 25  100  − 250  100  + ...
       
5 1789 1 1789
≈ or ≈ M1
5 4000 5 4000
1789 1789
⇒ 5 ≈ 5× or 5 ≈ 1 ÷
4000 4000
1789 4000
5≈ or A1
800 1789
(2)
(7 marks)

(a)

( 14 )
1
1
B1: For taking out a factor of 2
or 2 or 0.5 etc.
1
M1: Expands (1 + kx ) 2 , k ≠ ±1 with the correct structure for the third or fourth term
1
(− ) ×
1 1
( − )( − ) ×
1 3

( kx ) or ± ( kx )
2 2 2 2 2 2 3
e.g. ± with or without the bracket around the kx
2! 3!
A1: For either term three or term four being correct in any form.

E.g.
1
2 ( 1
2− 1)
× ( 20 x ) or
2
1
2 ( 1
2− 1)
× ( −20 x ) or
2
1
2 ( 1
2 − 1)( 12 − 2 )
× ( −20 x ) or −
3
1
2 ( 1
2 − 1)( 12 − 2 )
× ( 20 x )
3

2! 2! 3! 3!
The brackets must be present unless they are implied by subsequent work. This mark is independent of the B mark.
 5
1
A1: Two terms correct and simplified of − 5 x − 25 x 2 − 250 x3. Allow if any of the ‘−‘ signs are written as “+−“.
2
1
A1: All four terms correct and simplified of − 5 x − 25 x 2 − 250 x3. Allow the terms to be listed.
2
Ignore any extra terms and apply isw if necessary. If any of the ‘−‘ signs are written as “+−“ score A0.
Alternative:

( 14 )
1
1
B1: For a first term of 2
or 2 or 0.5 etc.
3 5
1×− 1 − 1×− 1×− 3 −

() ( )
2 2
M1: For the correct structure for the third or fourth term. E.g. 2
2
2 1
4
2
( kx ) or 2 2
3!
2 1
4
( kx )3
where k ≠ ±1
A1: For either term three or term four being correct in any form.

e.g.
1
2 ( 1
2− 1) 1 − 23
× ( 4 ) ( −5 x ) or
2
1
2 ( 1
2 − 1)( 12 − 2 ) 1 − 52
× ( 4 ) ( −5 x )
3

2! 3!
The brackets must be present unless they are implied by subsequent work.
1
A1: Two terms correct and simplified of − 5 x − 25 x 2 − 250 x3. Allow if any of the ‘−‘ signs are written as “+−“.
2
1
A1: All four terms correct and simplified of − 5 x − 25 x 2 − 250 x3. Allow the terms to be listed.
2
Ignore any extra terms and apply isw if necessary. If any of the ‘−‘ signs are written as “+−“ score A0.

(b)
M1: Attempts to substitute x = 1 into their part (a) and either multiplies by 5 or finds reciprocal.
100

A1: ( 5= ) 1789
800
or
4000
1789
 6

Question
Scheme Marks
Number
1  1 1  1  3
3 (a)
1
 2 × − 2   2 × − 2 × − 2 
1     × ( kx ) +       × kx 3 ...
2
1 +   × ( kx ) + ( )
2
(1 + kx) =
 2 2! 3!

1 1 1
(i) k = ⇒k = M1A1
2 8 4
1  1 1  1  3
 2 × − 2  1  2 × − 2 × − 2  M1 A1 A1
    × '' k ''2 = 1
A= − = B    =  × '' k ''3
(ii) 2! 128 3! 1024

(5)

1 1 2 1 3
(b) Substitutes x = 0.6 ⇒ 1.15 =1 + × 0.6 − '' ''× 0.6 + '' ''× 0.6 =1.072398 M1 A1
8 128 1024
(2)

(7 marks)
1
1 1 2  1  3
1 +   × ( kx ) −   × ( kx ) +   × ( kx )
2
1(b) alt (1 + kx) =
 2 8
  16
 
Substitutes '' kx '' = 0.15
1 1 2 1 3 M1A1
⇒ 1.15 =1 + × 0.15 − × 0.15 + × 0.15 =1.072398
2 8 16
(2)
(a)(i)
1 1 1 1
M1: Sets k = or kx = x and proceeds to find k. Implied by a correct value for k
2 8 2 8
1 2
A1: k = oe such as or 0.25
4 8
(a)(ii)
1  1 1  1  3
 2 × − 2   2 × − 2 × − 2 
M1: Correct attempt at 3rd or 4th term.=
Eg. Ax 2     × ( kx )
2 or 3       × kx 3 with
2!
= Bx
3!
( )
an attempt at substituting in their value for k to find a value for A or a value for B. Condone a missing
bracket around the kx terms so allow with k instead of k2 or k3 respectively. These may be simplified so
award for A =− 1 × ( '' k '') 2 or =
B
1 3 2 3
× ( '' k '') again, condoning k instead of k or k respectively.
8 16
1
A1: A = − o.e. There is no requirement to simplify the fraction
128
1 3
A1: B = o.e You may occasionally see B = which is fine.
1024 3072
(b)
M1: For an attempt to substitute
2 3
• either kx = 0.15 into an expansion of the form 1 ± p × ( kx ) ± q × ( kx ) ± r × ( kx )
0.15 1 2 3
• or x = into their 1 + x + '' A '' x + '' B '' x
'' k '' 8
A1: 1.072398 Must be to 6 decimal places.
 7

Question
Scheme Marks
Number
1
4(a) 1 − 4 x 2 =1 − × 4 x 2 B1
2
1 1
( ) 1 1 3
( )
2 3
× − × −4 x 2 × − × − × −4 x 2 M1
2 2 or 2 2 2
2 3!

1 − 2 x 2 − 2 x 4 − 4 x 6 + ...
= A1, A1
(4)
(b) 1 1
2
1
4
1
6
Substitutes x = into both sides of (a) e.g. 3 ≈ 1 − 2 ×   − 2   − 4   M1
4 4 4 4 4
3 ≈ 1.7324 cao A1
(2)
(6 marks)
(a)
1
B1: Correct first two terms which does not need to be simplified, so 1 + × −4 x 2 is fine.
2
M1: Correct attempt at the binomial expansion for term 3 or term 4.
1 1
( ) 1 1 3
( ) but condone a failure to square or cube the 4
2 3
× − × ±4 x 2 × − × − × ±4 x 2
Look for 2 2 or 2 2 2
2 3!
(i.e. missing brackets)
Also award this mark for candidates who mistakenly attempt the binomial expansion of
1 1 1 1 3
×− ×− ×−
( ) ( )
2
1 − 4x to produce either 2 2 ±4 x or 2 2 2 ±4 x 3
2 3!
1 1 1 1 3
× −  2 2 × − × −  2 3
Or 1 − x 2 to produce either 2 2 ±x
 or
2 2 2 ±x
2   3! 



2 4 6
A1: Two correct and simplified terms of −2 x , − 2 x , − 4 x
A1: 1 − 2 x 2 − 2 x 4 − 4 x 6 or exact simplified equivalent such as 1 + ( −2 ) x 2 + ( −2 ) x 4 + ( −4 ) x 6
Ignore any additional terms. This may be given separately as a list. 1, − 2 x 2 , − 2 x 4 , − 4 x 6
(b)
1
M1: Substitutes x = into both sides of (a) and achieves LHS of 3 or 3
4 4 2
 1
2
1
4
1 
6
It would be implied by ( )
3 = 2 × their'' 1 − 2 ×   − 2   − 4    ''
 4 4 4 
 
A1: 1.7324 Correct answer only here. This is not awrt
Note that the calculator answer is 1.7321
Alt (a) It is possible to attempt part (a) as follows but it would be very unusual to get the terms up to x 6
1 1
 1 2 1 3   1 2 1 3 
1 − 4 x 2 = (1 − 2 x ) 2 × (1 + 2 x ) 2 =1 − x − x − x ...  × 1 + x − x + x ....  =
1.....
 2 2   2 2 
Score M1 for such an attempt and award the other marks as in the main scheme. As is the main scheme look for
a correct attempt at a term 3 or 4 in either bracket followed by an attempt to multiply out
 8

Question Scheme Marks

1
5(a) 1
(1 + 4 x )3 3
1 + (...x... ) + ...
=
3
M1

1 1
( − 23 )
(1 + 4 x3 ) 3 =
... + 3
2
( 4x )
3 2
+ ... M1

4 16
1 + x 3 + ... or = ... − x 6
= A1
3 9
1
4 16
(1 + 4 x ) =
3 3
1 + x 3 − x 6 + ...
3 9
A1

(4)
3 3 6
(b)  1  31 4  1  16  1 
1 + 4x 3 = 1 + 4 ×   = or 1 +   −   M1
3 ... 33 9 3
 4  1 3 16  1 6 
3
31 ≈ 3 ×  1 +   −    dM1
 9  3  
 33
6869
= A1
2187
(3)
(7 marks)
Notes:
(a)
1
M1: For 1 ±
3
( 4 x... ) . Allow if the 4 and/or the power of x is incorrect/missing for this mark.
M1: For the correct structure for the third term. Look for the correct binomial coefficient combined with the
1
( 13 − 1) 1
( 13 − 1) 4 x3
( 4 x3 ) but condone missing brackets e.g.
2 2
3 3
correct power of 4x3 e.g.
2 2
4 3 16
A1: For 1 + x + ... or for ... − x 6 .
3 9
1 4
Allow mixed fractions e.g. 1 for but do not allow ‘+−’ for ‘−’.
3 3
4 16 6
A1: For 1 + x 3 − x + ... . Ignore any extra terms.
3 9
(b)
3
1 31 31
M1: Attempts 1 + 4 ×   and reaches (this will usually be seen as e.g. 3 ) or substitutes
3 k 27
1
x = into their expansion from part (a).
3
1
dM1: Attempts 3´ (their expansion from part (a) with x = substituted)
3
Allow if they have included more terms in their expansion for both M’s. You need to be convinced
that they have attempted this calculation and not just found the cube root of 31 on their calculator e.g.
3.1414…
A1: Cao. Correct fraction.
 9

Question Scheme Marks

6(a) 1
A= B1
9
(1)
(b)
"3−2 "(1 + ( −2)( kx3 ) + ( −2)(2 −3) ( kx3 ) 2 + ...) or
B1
(−2)(−3)  k 
2
 k  2k  −2 k2
x: −2
3 (−2)   = −  and 2
x : 3   =
 3  27  2  3  27
(−2)( −3)  k 
2
k
  = 3  (−2)    ...k = ...k
2
M1
2  
3  
3
k 2 + 6k = 0 * A1*

(3)
(c)(i)
k = −6 B1
(ii) (−2)(−3)( −4)  "− 6"  32
3

3−2   = M1A1
3!  3  9
(3)

(7 marks)
Notes
Mark parts (a) and (b) as a whole.
(a)
1
B1: A =
9
(b)
B1: Correct unsimplified coefficients for x and x 2 either in an expansion or separate for (3 + kx)−2 or for
−2
 k 2k k2
1 +  (accept the 3 missing or incorrect). May be implied. Accept B = −
−2
and C = if they forget
 3 3 3
2
k
the multiple outside. B0 if brackets on   missing unless implied by recovery.
3
M1: Sets their coefficient of x 2 equal to 3 times their coefficient of x to produce a two term quadratic equation
in terms of k.
A1*: Achieves given answer from a correct equation, but condone if B and C both missed the 3−2 . May be
scored if A was incorrect.
(c)(i)
B1: k = −6 only. The k = 0 solution must be rejected.
(ii)
M1: Substitutes their non-zero value for k into a correct expression for the coefficient of x3 . Must include the
3−2
32
A1: oe
9
 10

Question
Scheme Marks
Number
1
− 1
 2
(1 − ...)
−
1 2
= 4− x  =4
2
7(a) B1
4− x
2
 
 1  3  1  3  5
1
 − 2    − 2   −  −  − 
 1 2   2   2   2   1 2 
− 2 3
 1 2 2
 1  1 2      M1, A1
1 − x  = 1 +  −  − x  +
 2  4   − x  +  − x 
4 2 4  3! 4 
        

1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6
= + x + x + x A1, A1
4− x
2 2 16 256 2048

(5)
(b) x 2 B1
(1)
(c) Substitutes an appropriate value of x in both sides with LHS in terms of 3 M1
2048 3543
E.g. with x = 1 3= or A1
1181 2048

(2)
(8 marks)
(a) Note that the first mark in (a) is M1 on epen. We are now marking it as B1
B1: Correct constant term/ factor.
1
−
2 1
Accept as 4 or as the constant term or as the factor with the bracket starting (1....
2
1
−
 2 2
M1: Correct attempt at the third or the fourth term of binomial expansion of form 1 + ax 
 
Look for a correct binomial coefficient with a correct power of x
 1  1   1  1   1 
 −    − − 1  −    − − 1   − − 2 
2 2  2
2 2 2 2  2
3
         
E.g.   ax  or   ax  where a could be
2   3!  
1
A1: Correct unsimplified
For example
 1  1   1  1   1 
1
 −    − − 1  −    − − 1   − − 2 
 1  1 2   2   2   1 2   2   2   2
− 2 3
 1 2 2
  − 1 x2 
1 − x  = 1 +  −  − x  +
 2  4   − x  +  
4 2 4  3! 4 
        
1 1 2 3 4 5 6
A1: Two correct and simplified terms of + x + x + x
2 16 256 2048
1 1 2 3 4 5 6
A1: + x + x + x . Accept as a list, ignore any terms with indices greater than
2 16 256 2048
these.

(b)
B1: States a correct range. E.g x  2 or −2  x  2 o.e.
(c) For example: See **
M1: Substitutes an exact value of x into both sides of their expansion that enables 3 to be found
 11
1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6
E.g. x = 1 = + 1 + 1 + 1
4 −1
2 2 16 256 2048
2
Note that x = −1 and x = 1 all work with the same results
1
Alternatively correctly solves = 3 o.e. and substitutes this into their expansion
4− x
2

2048 3543
A1: With x = 1 3= or . This can only be scored from a correct expansion
1181 2048

**There are lots of values of x that work, all more difficult than the one above.
8 1 3 11 1
E.g x =  = x =  = 3
2 2
and
3 4− x
2 2 3 4− x
2

In both these cases the fractions become much more difficult to find.
8 43 11 55687
For x =  3 = x =  3=
2 2
and for
3 27 3 55296

Alt I (a) By direct expansion

 1  3  1  3  5
1  − 2    − 2   − 2    − 2    − 2 
1  2
−
2 −
1
 1 −
3
 2  
1
  −
5
2  2
2
      −
7
2  2
3

= 4− x  =4 +  −  4  −x  +  4  −x  +  4  −x 
2 2

   2   2   3!  
4− x  
2

1
−
+
2
B1: For 4
2
M1: A correct attempt at the third or fourth terms condoning sign slips on the − x
A1: Correct and unsimplified expansion. See above
1 1 2 3 4 5 6
A1: Two correct and simplified terms of + x + x + x
2 16 256 2048
1 1 2 3 4 5 6
A1: + x + x + x . Accept as a list
2 16 256 2048

Alt II (a) By difference of two squares

1

( ) ( )
1 1
− − −
1
= 2− x  2+ x = 4 + ......
2 2 2

4− x
2

1
−
+
2
B1: For 4
1 1
− −
 x 2  x 2
( ) ( )
1 1
1 − −
M1: For correctly writing = 2− x  2+ x = ... 1 −   1 +  =
2 2
 2  2
4− x    
2

with a correct attempt at the third of fourth term in either expansion, followed by an attempt
to combine both the expansions.
2 4 6
A1: One correct term in x , x or x
1 1 2 3 4 5 6
A1: Two correct and simplified terms of + x + x + x with no terms in
2 16 256 2048
3 5
x, x or x
A1: Fully correct
 12

Question
Scheme Marks
Number
5 x + 10 A B
 +  Value for A or B
8 (a)
(1 − x )( 2 + 3x ) 1 − x 2 + 3x M1

One correct value, either A = 3 or B = 4 A1

3 4
Correct PF form + A1
1 − x 2 + 3x
(3)

( )  
A −1
= A 1− x = A 1 + x + x + ... 
2
(b)(i) B1
1− x  
−1  2   2 
 B  3x   B   3x (−1)(−2)  3x   ; =
B  3x 9 x
− + + 
  1 + 2  =  2  1 + (−1) 2 +   + ...  1 ... M1; A1
 2     
2 2
  
2

2 4 

 
 2 
  4  3x 9 x
f (x) = 3  1 + x + x + ...  + 1− + + ... 
2
M1
  2 2 4 
 
15 2
= 5+ x + ... A1
2
(5)
2
(b)(ii) x  B1
3
(1)
(9 marks)
( )
−1
(b)(i)
1− x = 1 + x + x + ...
2
B1
Alt 1
−1  2 
 1 
 3x   1   3x (−1)(−2)  3 x   ; = 1 1 − 3 x + 9 x 2 + ... 
 2   +  = + − +   +
   2  
1 1 ( 1) ... M1; A1
  2 2  2 2  2  2 4
        
 
 2 
5 x + 10   1  3x 9 x
+ ...  = 5 + ...x + ...x
2 2
= (5 x + 10) 1 + x + x + ...   1 − + M1
(1 − x)(2 + 3 x)   2  2 4 
 
15 2
= 5+ x + ... A1
2
(5)
−1 −1
(b)(i) 5 x + 10   2  1  1 2 
= (5 x + 10)  2 +  x − 3x   = (5 x + 10) 1 +  x − 3x   B1
Alt 2 (1 − x)(2 + 3x)     2  2  
 
  1 1 
( ) (
(−1)(−2)
)
2
−1 2 2 1 2
1 + p ( x) =  1  p ( x) + p( x) + ...  ; 1 −  x − 3 x  +  x − 3 x  + ...  M1; A1
 2  2 2  4  
   
1 1 3 1  5 35 5 5
(10 + 5 x)  − x + x 2 + x 2 + ...  = 5 − x + x 2 + x − x 2 + ... M1
2 4 4 8  2 4 2 4
 13

15 2
= 5+ x + ... A1
2
(5)
Notes:
a)
M1: Attempts at correct PF. Correct form identified (may be implicit) and achieves a value for
at least one of the constants.
A1: One correct value or term.
3 4
A1: Correct PF form + . This may be awarded if seen in (b) but the correct final form
1 − x 2 + 3x
( ) ( )
−1 −1
(not just values) must be seen somewhere in the question. Accept at 3 1 − x + 4 2 + 3x
(b)(i)

( )  
A −1
= A 1− x = A 1 + x + x + ...  which may be unsimplified. Allow with their A or
2
B1:
1− x  
with A = 1.
( )
1 −1
M1: Attempts to expand = 2 + 3x binomially either by taking out the factor 2 first,
2 + 3x
 
( ) (−1)(−2)
( )
−1 2
or directly. Look for 1 + kx = ... 1  kx + kx + ...  where k  1 following an
 2 
 
 −1 
( ) (−1)(−2) −3
( )
1 −1 −2 2
attempt at taking out a factor 2, or = 2 + 3 x =  2  2 kx + 2 kx +  by
2 + 3x  2 
 
direct expansion. Allow missing brackets on kx2 in either case.
−1
B B  3x  B  3x 9 2 
A1: = 1 +  =  1 − + x +  oe with their B from (a) or with B = 1
2 + 3x 2  2  2 2 4 
   
M1: Uses their coefficients and attempts to add both series.
15 2
A1cao: 5 + x + ... Condone additional higher order terms. Terms may be either order.
2
(b)(ii)
2
B1: x  or exact equivalent. This must be clearly identified as the answer. B0 if both ranges
3
are given with no choice of which is correct. (But B1 if formal set notation with  used.)
(b)(i) Alt 1:
(1 − x )
−1
= 1 + x + x + ... which may be unsimplified.
2
B1:
M1: Same as main scheme.
A1: Correct expansion (see main scheme, B = 1 allowed).
M1: Attempts to expand all three brackets, achieving the correct constant term at least.
15 2
A1cso: 5 + x + ... Condone additional higher order terms. Terms may be either order.
2
(b)(i) Alt 2
−1
  2   2
B1: Writes f(x) as (5 x + 10)  2 +  x − 3x   or with the 2 extracted, with the  x − 3 x  clear.
     

 14

Question
Scheme Marks
Number
3
9(a) −
1 1  3
= 8 (1 − 2 x )
2 −
 − x 2 B1
4 2 
3 − 23 ( − 23 − 1) − 23 ( − 23 − 1)( − 23 − 2 )
(1 − 2 x ) = 1 + ( − 32 ) ( −2 x ) + ( −2 x ) + ( −2 x )
− 2 3
2 + ... M1 A1
2! 3!
3
−
1 1  2
 − x = 8 + 24 x + 60 x 2 + 140 x3 + ... A1, A1
4 2 
(5)
(b) n=2 B1
(1)
(c) 1 1  1 1
2
1 2
 − x = − x + x B1
 4 2  16 4 4
1
 1 1 2  1 1 1 2
 − x  =  − x + x  ( 8 + 24 x + 60 x + 140 x + ...)
2 3

 4 2   16 4 4  M1
1 1 1 1 1 1
= 8  + 24 x  + 60 x 2  − 8  x − 24 x  x + 8  x 2
16 16 16 4 4 4
1 1 1
= − x − x 2 + ... A1
2 2 4
(3)
Total 9
(a)
3
−
B1: Takes out the correct and simplified common factor to obtain 8 (1  ...) 2
Implied by an expansion 8 + ...
3
M1: Attempts the binomial expansion of (1  kx )
−
2 to get the third and/or fourth term with an acceptable structure.
The correct binomial coefficient must be combined with the correct power of x.
− 32 ( − 32 − 1) − 32 ( − 32 − 1)( − 32 − 2 )
(  kx ) or (  kx ) with or without the brackets on the kx
2 3
Look for
2! 3!
Even allow with k = 1
3
15 35
A1: Correct simplified or unsimplified expansion for (1 − 2x ) 2 . (NB simplified is 1 + 3x + x 2 + x3 + ... )
−

2 2
A1: Two correct and simplified terms of 8 + 24 x + 60 x + 140 x 2 3

A1: All correct and simplified 8 + 24 x + 60 x 2 + 140 x3 Ignore extra terms of x4 and above
(b)
4
B1: Correct value, n = 2. Do NOT allow incomplete answers such as
2
(c) Hence
2
1 1 
B1: Correct expansion of  − x  , simplified or unsimplified
4 2 
M1: Attempts correct strategy to find expansion.
Terms do not need to be collected. There may be other terms as well, for example terms in x3
Look for an attempt to find 4 or more terms from the following (condoning slips)
( A + Bx + Cx )( E + Fx + Gx + Hx + ...) = AE + AFx + AGx + BEx + BFx + CEx + ...
2 2 3 2 2 2

A1: Correct simplified expansion. Ignore extra terms of x3 and above

 15
1
 1 1 2
(c) Otherwise: Applies binomial expansion to  − x 
4 2 
1

B1: Correct simplified expression  1 − 1 x  = 1 (1 − 2 x ) 2

2 1

4 2  2
1
( 1
− 1) 1
( 12 − 1)
( −2 x ) (  kx )
2 2 2 2 2
M1: Correct structure for 3rd term: but allow with or without brackets. Even
2! 2!
allow with k = 1
1 1 1
A1: − x − x 2 + ... Ignore extra terms of x3 and above
2 2 4

Direct expansion in (a)

 3  5  3  5  7
−
3
−
3
−
5
 −   −  −
7
2  −   −   −  −
9
3
1 1  2 1 2  3  1   1   2   2   1  2  1   2   2   2   1  2  1 
2
 − x =  +  −    − x  +   − x +   − x
4 2  4  2  4   2  2 4  2  3! 4  2 
B1: Obtains an expansion with a constant term of 8
3
−
1 1  2
M1: Attempts the binomial expansion of  − x  to get the third and/or fourth term with an acceptable
4 2 
structure.
 3  5  3  5  7
 −   −  1 −2  −   −   −  1 −2
7 9
2 3
 2   2     1   2   2   2     1 
Look for     x  or     x 
2 4  2  3! 4  2 
with or without the brackets on the   1 x 
 2 
A1: Correct simplified or unsimplified expansion .
Expression at the top of the page is acceptable
A1: Two correct and simplified terms of 8 + 24 x + 60 x 2 + 140 x3
A1: All correct and simplified 8 + 24 x + 60 x 2 + 140 x3

Direct expansion in (c)

1 1 1
− 1
 1 1 2  1 2 1  1  2  1 
 − x =   +    − x  + ....
B1: First two terms which may be unsimplified 4 2  4 2 4  2 
11 
 − 1 1 − 2
3
2
2  2     1 
M1: Correct form for the third term    − x 
2 4  2 
1 1 1
A1: Correct simplified expansion − x − x 2 + ...
2 2 4
 16

Question
Scheme Marks
Number
10(a) −2
−2 1  5x  8
(2 − 5 x) = 1−  or e.g.
4  2   5x 
2 B1
4 1 − 
 2 
1  5 x  ( −2 )  ( −3 )  5 x  ( −2 )  ( −3)  ( −4 )  5 x 3 
2
= 8   1 + ( −2 )   −  + −  +   −  ...
4  2  2!  2  3!  2   M1A1


8 75 2
= 2 + 10 x + x + 125 x3... A1
( 2 − 5x )
2
2
(4)
Alt (a) by −2
8  (2 − 5 x)
direct
 −2 −3
1 −2  −3 − 4 2 −2  −3  − 4 − 5 3 B1, M1A1
expansion = 8   2 , + ( −2 ) 2 ( −5 x ) + 2 ( −5 x ) + 2 ( −5 x ) 
 2! 3! 
8 75 2
= 2 + 10 x + x + 125 x3... A1
( 2 − 5x )
2
2
(b) 2
x  o.e. B1
5
(1)
(5 marks)
(a)
−2 1 −2 −2
(1  ...) , 2−2 (1  ...) .
1
B1: For taking out a factor of 2−2 or from (2 − 5 x) to obtain e.g.
4 4
−2
May be implied by a constant term of 2 or by e.g. 2 (1  ...)
The “8” is likely to be present but it is not required for this mark.
M1: For the form of the binomial expansion (1 + ax )
−2

Requires the correct structure for either term three or term four. Allow a slip on the sign.
( −2 )  ( −3)  ax 2 or ( −2 )  ( −3)  ( −4 )  ax 3 where a ≠ 1, could be −5 but must
So allow for either ( ) ( )
2 3!
−2
be the “a” in their "2" (1  ax ) .
Condone missing brackets around the “ax” for this mark.
−2
A1: Any unsimplified or simplified but correct form of the binomial expansion for  1 − 
5x
 2 
Ignore the factor preceding the bracket for this mark and ignore any extra terms if found.
 5 x  ( −2 )  ( −3 )  5 x  ( −2 )  ( −3 )  ( − 4 )  5 x 
2 3
Score for 1 + ( −2 )   −  +  −  +  −  o.e.
 2  2!  2  3!  2 
2 2
 5x   5x 
Brackets must be present unless they are implied by later work. Allow   for − 2  .
 2   
75 125 3
The simplified form is 1 + 5 x + x 2 + x + ... Allow as a list of terms.
4 2
75
A1: cao 2 + 10 x + x 2 + 125 x3... This must be simplified and allow as a list of terms.
2
 17

75
Allow equivalents for e.g. 37.5 and ignore any extra terms.
2
75 2
Do not isw and mark the final answer. E.g. Fully correct work leading to 2 + 10 x + x + 125 x3...
2
followed by = 4 + 20 x + 75x2 + 250 x3... loses the final mark.

Alternative to (a) by direct expansion

−2
−2
B1: This is awarded for (2 − 5 x) = 2 + .... which may be implied by a final answer of 2 + …
−2
M1: For the form of the expansion of (2 − 5 x)
Requires the correct structure for either term three or term four. Allow a slip on the sign.
( −2 )  ( −3) 2 −4 5 x 2 ( −2 )  ( −3)  ( −4 ) −5
So allow for either ( ) ( ) or ( 2 ) ( 5 x )
3

2 3!
Condone missing brackets around the 5x.
−2
A1: Any unsimplified or simplified but correct form of the binomial expansion for (2 − 5 x)
Ignore the factor preceding the bracket for this mark and ignore any extra terms if found.
−2 −3 −2  −3 − 4 2 −2  −3  −4 − 5 3
Score for 2 + ( −2 ) 2 ( −5 x )1 + 2 ( −5 x ) + 2 ( −5 x ) o.e.
2! 3!
Brackets must be present unless they are implied by later work.
1 5 75 125 3
The simplified form is + x + x 2 + x + ... Allow as a list of terms.
4 4 16 8
75
A1: cao 2 + 10 x + x 2 + 125 x3... This must be simplified and allow as a list of terms.
2
75
Allow equivalents for e.g. 37.5 and ignore any extra terms.
2
75
Do not isw and mark the final answer. E.g. Fully correct work leading to 2 + 10 x + x 2 + 125 x3...
2
followed by = 4 + 20 x + 75x2 + 250 x3... loses the final mark.

Note: Correct or partially correct answers with no working in (a) should be sent to review.

(b)
2 2 2 2 2  2 2
B1: x  oe e.g. −  x  , x  − and x  ,  − , 
5 5 5 5 5 5 5
 
2 2 2 5x 5x 5x
But not −  x  , x ,  1, −  1, − 1  1
5 5 5 2 2 2
 18

Question Scheme Marks

11 −3  −4 −3  −4  −5
(1 − 4 x)−3 = 13  4 x  (...x)2  (...x)3 + ... M1
2 6
−3  −4 −3  −4  −5
(1 − 4 x) −3 = 1 + 3  4 x + (−4 x) 2 + (−4 x)3 + ... A1
2 6
= 1 + 12 x + 96 x 2 + 640 x3 + ... A1A1

(4)

(4 marks)

Notes:

( )
−3
M1: Attempts the binomial expansion of 1 − 4x with correct attempts at the (unsimplified, and
may be in terms of factorials) binomial coefficients for at least two of the x, x2 , x3 terms. The “−4”
may be missing or have incorrect sign and allow for missing brackets. (May be scored if the x3 term
is omitted.)
A1: For a correct unsimplified expansion. (May be in terms of factorials.)
A1: Any two terms correct and simplified (of the four, so includes the 1). The M must have been
scored.
A1: Fully correct and all terms simplified. Ignore any higher order terms. ISW after a correct
simplified.
Note M1A0A1A0 is possible e.g. if the x and x3 terms have the wrong signs.
Note: listing terms can score maximum of M1A1A1A0.