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Features FDD TDD Welcom

Why

Frame Stracture
Switching Points
DL Control Channel
UL Control Channel
PRACH Preamble Format
PRACH Configuration
Special Slot usage
HARQ Timing
Ack/Nack Feedback Mode
SR/DCI 0 Timing
DCI 0/PUSCH Timing
System Information Variation
10 ms radio frame, 1 ms sub frame 10 ms radio frame, 1 ms sub frame
N/A 5 ms or 10 ms periodicity
Can Schedule 1 DL and 1 UL subframe Can schedule 1 DL and multiple UL sub- Get ultra-low sprea
at a time frame at a time support. Trading is
Single Ack/Nack corresponding to Ack/Nack corresponding to multiple DL sub lead to loss of capit
1DLsub frame frame
0,1,2,3 0,1,2,3,4(Short RACH)
DwPTS : RS, Data and Control
N/A
UpPTS : SRS and Short RACH
K = 4 (fixed) K = varying depending on Subframe Config
DL : Async, UL :Sync DL : Async, UL : Sync
One Transmission one Ack/Nack Bundling or Multiplexed
4 ms Varying
4 ms Varying
SIB1

Frame Structure

< Subframe(UL/DL) Configuration > Get Started w

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with Stre
audience

< Special Subframe Length >

Special Subframe Length in Samples (Normal CP) Length in OFDM Symbols (Normal CP)
Configuration DwPTS GP UpPTS DwPTS GP UpPTS
0 6592 Ts 2560 Ts 3 10 1
1 19760 Ts 2560 Ts 9 4 1
2 21952 Ts 2560 Ts 10 3 1
3 24144 Ts 2560 Ts 11 2 1
4 26336 Ts 2560 Ts 12 1 1
5 6592 Ts 5120 Ts 3 9 2

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6 19760 Ts 5120 Ts 9 3 2
7 21952 Ts 5120 Ts 10 2 2
8 24144 Ts 5120 Ts 11 1 2

For the examples of TDD resource grids for each Subframe DL/UL Configuration and Special Subframe Configuration,
see Frame Structure Frame Type 2 Overview section.

Switching Points

PRACH Preamble Format

Refer to 36.211 5.7 Physical random access channel for the details.

RACH Configuration

Special Slot Usage

< RB Allocation on Special Subframe >

Refer to 36.213 7.1.7 Modulation order and transport block size determination for the details.

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HARQ Timing

In case of FDD, it is pretty simple and obvious for UE to transmit HARQ ACK or NACK. UE start preparing the response
as soon as it completes the decoding PDSCH and transmit it 4 ms (4 TTI) later. But in TDD, UE cannot transmit the
response in such a fixed timing as in FDD. It has to wait until it gets the next chance for UL transmission and the next
chance will be different depending on UL/DL configuration. Even when UE gets the chance to transmit the UL, it is may
not always possible to transmit all the necessary response. For example, if UE gets too many DL subframe before the
UL subframe, it will be difficult to transmit the all the reply in the UL transmission because PUCCH space is not big
enough to accomodate all the HARQ ACK/NACK. So they came out with very complicated/confusing table as shown
below to define HARQ response to cope with this kind of situation. In this section, I will explain how to interpret this
table and figure out the exact HARQ response timing for each UL/DL configuration.

< ACK/NACK from UE for PDSCH >

Following table shows the Ack/Nack Transmission Timing from UE for the PDSCH it recieved.

Problem is how to interpret this table. Following shows how to interpret each raw of the table.

Case 1 : UL/DL Configuration 0

In case of UL/DL Configuration 0, Ack/Nack response timing for the PDSCH that is received by UE is transmitted
according to the following rule.

How do you interpret this table and DL/UL correlation ?

It says

UE transmit Ack/Nack at subframe 2,4,7,9

At subframe 2, UE transmit Ack/Nack for PDSCH it received at subframe 6 in previous SFN
At subframe 4, UE transmit Ack/Nack for PDSCH it received at subframe 0 in current SFN
At subframe 7, UE transmit Ack/Nack for PDSCH it received at subframe 1 in current SFN
At subframe 9, UE transmit Ack/Nack for PDSCH it received at subframe 5 in current SFN
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Case 2 : UL/DL Configuration 1

In case of UL/DL Configuration 1, Ack/Nack response timing for the PDSCH that is received by UE is transmitted
according to the following rule.

How do you interpret this table and DL/UL correlation ?

It says

UE transmit Ack/Nack at subframe 2,3,7,8

At subframe 2, UE transmit Ack/Nack for PDSCH it received at subframe 5,6 in previous SFN
At subframe 3, UE transmit Ack/Nack for PDSCH it received at subframe 9 in previous SFN
At subframe 7, UE transmit Ack/Nack for PDSCH it received at subframe 0,1 in current SFN
At subframe 8, UE transmit Ack/Nack for PDSCH it received at subframe 4 in current SFN

Case 3 : UL/DL Configuration 2

In case of UL/DL Configuration 2, Ack/Nack response timing for the PDSCH that is received by UE is transmitted
according to the following rule.

How do you interpret this table and DL/UL correlation ?

It says

UE transmit Ack/Nack at subframe 2,7

At subframe 2, UE transmit Ack/Nack for PDSCH it received at subframe 4,5,6,8 in previous SFN
At subframe 7, UE transmit Ack/Nack for PDSCH it received at subframe 9 in previous SFN and 0,1,3 in current
SFN

Please try to do the same analysis for the remaining UL/DL Configuration on your own. It would be the best way for
you to understand the meaning of the table clearly.

< ACK/NACK from eNB for PUSCH >

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Case 1 : UL/DL Configuration 0

Case 2 : UL/DL Configuration 1

SR/DCI 0 Timing

The Time delay between SR(Scheduling Request) and DCI 0 is not clearly specified in 3GPP specification. So basically,
NW can send DCI 0 in any available DL subframe after reception of SR, but depending on the eNodeB and Test
Equipment some minimum time interval may be required.

DCI 0/PUSCH Timing

If UE recieves DCI 0 at subframe n, it should send PUSCH at subframe n + k where k is defined as follow. I will post
some graphical explanation for this table later. Until then, give it a try on your own to understand this table.

36-213 V9.3.0 (2010-10) Table 8-2 k for TDD configurations 0-6

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Issues with Debugging

What was your first impression about all the Ack-Nack report mechanism described above ?
My first impression was "So complicated !" and "So.. So.. So.. confusing".
Unfortunately.. there is more serious problem than the 'confusing things'. It is about troubleshooting issues.

Let's assume that you are using DL/UL Configuration 2. and suppose UE sent a NACK at Subframe 2.
How did you know whether the NACK is for PDSCH at subframe 4 or 5 or 6 or 8 ? (As you know, in FDD.. the answer is
so simple since the ACK/NACK from the UE is always for the PDSCH that it received 4 subframe before. If it is FDD,
the answer is supposed to be 'it is for PDSCH received at subframe 8 in previous SFN), but in TDD case it is different
as you may guess.

Then how do you correlate the NACK to the specific PDSCH which
caused the NACK. It is completely dependent on how much detailed
information that your UE log or Network log provide. If UE log or
Network log provide ACK/NACK information and HARQ process number
for every subframe.. you can try following procedure.

i) First, check UCI info at specific SFN and subframe number (let's
label this as 'SFN_n:Subframe_2') and locate the HARQ process
number that caused NACK.
ii) Go to transmitted PDSCH list 'around' SFN_n:Subframe_2 (at
this point, you would not know exactly which subframe you have
to pin point out).
iii) Look through several subframes upwards and downwards to
find the subframe that is marking the same HARQ process number
as you got at step i). That is the subframe that caused NACK.

Ack/Nack Feedback Mode

As described above, in TDD LTE ibe subframe can transmit ACK/NACK for multiple subframe as shown below. In the
following figure as an example, UE send ACK/NACK for 4 PDSCHs in subframe 2. What should eNB do if the subframe
2 send NACK ? Does it have to retransmit the whole 4 PDSCHs ? or transmit only PDSCH which is NACKed ?

The answer to the question gets different depending on tdd-AckNackFeedbackMode setting in RRC message (e.g, RRC
Connection Setup or RRC Connection Reconfiguration).
If it is set to be 'bundling', eNB should retransmit all the PDSCH. If it is sent to be 'multiplexing', eNB should
retransmit the only PDSCH which is NACKed.

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Followings are some of the items that is worth noticing from 3GPP 36.213 10.1.3 TDD
HARQ-ACK feedback procedures (I revised the statement a little bit to make it simple and
hopefully clearer)

For TDD UL/DL configuration 5 and a UE that does not support aggregating more
than one serving cell, only HARQ-ACK bundling is supported.

If a UE that supports Carrier Aggregation is configured by higher layers to use

HARQ-ACK bundling, PUCCH format 1b with channel selection according to the set of
Tables 10.1.3-2/3/4 or according to the set of Tables 10.1.3-5/6/7, or PUCCH format
3 for transmission of HARQ-ACK shall be used.

PUCCH format 1b with channel selection according to the set of Tables 10.1.3-2/3/4
or according to the set of Tables 10.1.3-5/6/7 is not supported for TDD UL/DL
configuration 5.

TDD HARQ-ACK bundling is performed per codeword across M multiple DL subframes

associated with a single UL subframe n, by a logical AND operation of all the
individual PDSCH transmission (with and without corresponding PDCCH/EPDCCH)
HARQ-ACKs and ACK in response to PDCCH/EPDCCH indicating downlink SPS release

For TDD HARQ-ACK multiplexing and a subframe n with M >1, spatial HARQ-ACK
bundling across multiple codewords within a DL subframe is performed by a logical
AND operation of all the corresponding individual HARQ-ACKs. PUCCH format 1b
with channel selection is used in case of one configured serving cell

For TDD HARQ-ACK multiplexing and a subframe n with M = 1, spatial HARQ-ACK

bundling across multiple codewords within a DL subframe is not performed, 1 or 2
HARQ-ACK bits are transmitted using PUCCH format 1a or PUCCH format 1b,
respectively for one configured serving cell.

You would notice the variable 'M' in many of the statement above. M is defined to be "the number of elements in the
set K defined in Table 10.1.3.1-1". Following examples would give you clearer idea on the meaning of M.

System Information Variation

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